The variables of a paper are the variables and parameters determined when writing a paper, which are generally used for empirical analysis, that is, when writing a paper, the relationship between the quantity or indicators to be studied has been determined, so the corresponding variables should be controlled according to the actual situation.

Variables are the protagonist and focus of a study. In a study, researchers try to tell a story clearly, which needs to be told by scholars before, which needs everyone's interest and attention, and which needs to be justified.