Lu Xun [188 1 September 25th ~19361October 19], China writer, thinker and revolutionary. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a dilapidated feudal family. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College, and then worked in literature and art in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother and wife Juan to return to China to get married. 1909 Co-translated Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement. From 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published novels, vagrancy, essays, graves, essays, poems, weeds, essays, hot air, canopy and the continuation of canopy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in19212 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. 1930, successively participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League, resisting the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays in the Collection of Historical Novels, which were included in Ji You, Sanxian, Erxin, Mobilizing from the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk and Lace. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as "The Unknown Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement [B], Mangyuan, Yusi, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, Gougu Novels, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Old Novels and so on. 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Tens of thousands of Shanghai citizens spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb. Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of New China, the translated works of Lu Xun have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Translated Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Diary of Lu Xun (two volumes) and Letters from Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited by Lu Xun have also been reprinted. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16) was published. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies.

Lu Xun is a famous writer in China. He has many works, the most famous of which is The True Story of Ah Q. Lu Xun has many interesting stories, one of which is like this:

One day, Lu Xun dressed in shabby clothes went to the barber shop for a haircut. Seeing that he was dressed casually and looked dirty, the barber thought he looked like a beggar and cut his hair casually. After cutting his hair, Lu Xun grabbed a handful of money from his pocket and gave it to the barber, and then left without looking back. The barber counted carefully and found that he gave a lot more money, which made him very happy.

More than a month later, Lu Xun came for a haircut again. The barber recognized that he was the customer who paid more money last time, so he was very polite to him, gave him a haircut carefully and kept asking for his advice until Lu Xun was satisfied. Who knows that when paying, Mr. Lu Xun carefully counted and counted, and did not give a penny more. The barber felt very strange and asked him why. Lu Xun said with a smile, "Sir, the last time you cut my hair indiscriminately, I paid you indiscriminately. If you cut me seriously this time, I will pay you seriously! "

The barber felt ashamed and quickly apologized to Lu Xun.

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When Lu Xun was studying in San Tan Yin Yue, he followed his mother to his grandmother's house in the countryside. Lu Xun's grandmother's home is in the countryside of Shaoxing, called Qiao 'an Village. The village is not far from the sea and is extremely remote. A small river flows through the village and divides it into north and south. At that time, there were about 30 families in the village, most of whom were surnamed Lu. Most of them make a living by farming and fishing, and a few people run sideline businesses-brewing wine and opening small shops. Lu Xun went with his mother after sweeping the grave in spring. It was here that Lu Xun saw many fresher scenery and games, and saw and heard "social drama". Fortunately, Lu Xun can have such novels and a wide world.

Because Lu Xun is a city dweller, a guest from afar and a distinguished guest, many children in the village have got permission from their parents, which lightens the weight of their daily work and has a good time with Brother Xun. The way to play is very interesting, such as digging earthworms to catch shrimp by the river, or herding cattle together, but the greatest pleasure is watching social drama. On one occasion, they went to see a play in Zhaozhuang, a neighboring village. Lu Xun later recalled: "As soon as I went out, I saw a white awning boat moored in the Pingqiao under the moon. Everyone jumped off the boat, happily pulling the pole before, and happily pulling the pole after. The young people sat in the cabin with me, and the old people gathered at the stern. By the time my mother came out and told me to be careful, we had set sail, knocked on the bridge stone, stepped back a few feet, then stepped forward and got off the bridge. So he set up two paddles, one for each person and one for each person. Some are joking, some are shouting, and the sound of gurgling bow splashing water is endless. In the river with green beans and wheat fields on both sides, they flew radially to Zhaozhuang. The fragrance of beans and wheat on both sides of the river and grass at the bottom of the river mixed with water vapor to blow on the face; The moonlight is hazy in the steam. Dark rolling mountains, like the back of a passionate iron beast, ran far to the stern, but I felt that the ship was very slow. They changed hands four times, and gradually saw the faint Zhao Zhuang, and seemed to hear the blowing of the Song Dynasty, and there were several ignitions. They think it is a stage, but maybe it is a fishing fire. The fire is approaching, and it really is a fishing fire; .. The bow is a cluster of pine trees .. After the forest, the boat turned into a fork, and Zhaozhuang was really in sight. The most striking thing is a stage standing on the open space by the river outside the village, which is blurred in the distant moonlit night and almost inseparable from space. I suspect that the fairyland I saw in the painting appeared here. .."

When Lu Xun/Kloc-was 0/3 years old, because his grandfather was imprisoned, he and his younger brother were placed in the home of his uncle Huangfuzhuang, which is more than 30 miles away from the city.

Lu Xun's visit to his uncle's house this time is completely different from before. Since then, he has inevitably received some cold reception. However, workers and their children are the same everywhere. They are still so warm and thoughtful, to receive the little guests who have come from afar to take refuge. Spring in the countryside is still beautiful, with mud boats all over the river, green wheat fields on both sides of the river, and green Podocarpus growing on the ridge. During the day, adults work by the river and in the fields, and Lu Xun plays with the children, or fishes, or peels the Podocarpus. The main sideline of farmers in Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaopu is fishing. In the middle of the night, all the fish swam, the eater swam while eating, and the fisherman also set off at this time. After the second watch, shrimp began to come out. The shrimper paddled the boat and took the sea pocket to catch shrimps. After dawn, they just ate a little Leng Fantuan, went into town to sell fish and shrimp, and didn't come back to sleep until they sold out. Whenever they have a little leisure time, they don't rest, but plan to act and show their superb acting skills.

In the countryside around Shaoxing at that time, there were countless days of acting. On the ninth and tenth day of the first month, there is a "lantern show"; There is also the birthday of "Dongyue the Great" in March, and it will be performed on 28th at the latest. May 16 "Bodhisattva's Birthday" and June 17 "Grandpa Bao's Birthday" will be performed. July 16 is the birthday of "General Liu Meng". The farmers said that he was "the son of Liu Bei", because he fell to his death while catching shrimp in the field, so he had to take action. From August to September until the end of the year, there are still many plays to be performed. Performance seems to be inseparable from their lives. In fact, the purpose of their acting is not only to express bodhisattva, but to express their wishes: the population and livestock are safe, the grain is abundant, and they live and work in peace; Although, real life is not as they expected. Farmers always show their talents, wisdom and strength in their carnival and demonstration festivals. The procession continued for miles, and the crowd swept through village after village like a rolling wave. Flags of red, green, yellow and various colors are flying above the team. In this vast procession, everyone is alive and kicking: some play with lions, some play with dragon boats, some walk on stilts, some lift bars and cabinets, some knock gongs and drums, some carry lotus spears, bang, bang, let it ring in the sky.

The most spectacular and brilliant is Mulian Opera. Perhaps to commemorate the heroes who were once called "traitors" by the feudal ruling class in history, the heroes who died in the armed revolutionary struggle of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in modern times, and other people who died unexpectedly. In Huangfuzhuang, the stage is located in a place called "fire field" in the village. It is said that this is the slaughterhouse where the reactionary landlord class slaughtered farmers after the failure of the peasant uprising in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The play started from the afternoon of the first day and lasted until the dawn of the next day. "Mourning" was held at sunset, and the solemn and stirring horn sounded on the stage. In the twilight, there are more than a dozen horses under the stage, and a performer dressed as a ghost king holds a steel fork in his hand. In addition, more than a dozen ghost soldiers are needed, and ordinary children can apply. They climbed onto the stage to show their willingness, painted their faces with some colors and held steel forks in their hands, waiting for people to get together. They immediately mounted their horses and galloped to the deserted graves in the wild, then pulled the fork back, walked to the front desk, shouted together, threw the steel fork out and nailed it to the bed board, and the responsibility was over, so they washed their faces and stepped down. Holding this ceremony means that those ghosts have followed the ghost king and ghost pawn to the theater. After the "funeral" ceremony went in, the operas began and proceeded slowly. People get nervous at the mention of "jumping". A bleak trumpet is blowing on the stage, and there is a mass of cloth on the central beam of the stage. The spectators held their breath, and suddenly a man appeared on the stage, without underwear, only with a calf nose and a few strokes of black and pink on his face. This is called "male hanging". As soon as he got on the stage, he ran to hang the cloth, like a spider clutching its silk, and like weaving a web, drilling around on it and hanging on it. After that, it's the "jump girl hanging" The bleak horn blew on the stage again. Soon, the curtain was lifted, and a more beautiful and powerful ghost, the female crane, appeared. A red shirt, a long black vest, a long hair, and two paper ingots hanging around her neck, bowed her head and hung her hands, winding around the stage. The insider said that this is a "heart." Then, she threw back her covered hair, and people clearly saw her face: round face, white as lime, black eyebrows, black eyes and scarlet lips. She shrugged her shoulders slightly, looked around, listened to it, and seemed surprised, happy and angry. Finally, she made a sad voice and sang slowly, "My slave is a Yang family girl. Oh, my God! .. "After being abused as a child bride, she finally had to throw herself at her. After singing, I heard crying in the distance. Is also a woman, heartbroken, ready to commit suicide. She was surprised to ask for a replacement, but she kept jumping out of the "male crane" and urged him to ask, and the argument turned into force. Of course, the "female crane" cannot compete with him. Fortunately, another great god Wang Lingguan appeared on the stage at this moment. When she was whipped, she retired the "male crane" and left the "female crane" to move alone. This scene is the most profound in Lu Xun's memory, and of course there are many other scenes. From childhood to later, his memory is particularly profound. Lu Xun believes that the most vengeful "female pendant", the most beautiful and strong soul, is the embodiment of the revenge will of the oppressed.

The natural scenery in the countryside, the life of "wild children" such as moistening the soil, folk literature and painting books have aroused Lu Xun's great interest and hobbies. These hobbies, seemingly parallel, are actually interrelated, affecting his life and personality, and will develop day by day in the future to serve his great ideal. In the future, engaging in literature, showing rural poverty, profoundly exposing social contradictions, studying Han painting statues and advocating woodcut are all related to this. As for the critical eye, it also began to sprout in childhood. When he later struggled against adversity, the spirit of justice, tenacity and perseverance from his family was further developed. Lu Xun's childhood described above can be said to be relatively happy in his life. This makes him recall in the future, often with a feeling of beauty, a yearning mood, and often get creative inspiration from it.

But from the age of 13, Lu Xun began to have contact with the society, and he had to taste the bitterness of the world himself.