Ma Shuo is an argumentative essay, using Bole and Maxima as metaphors, expressing strong dissatisfaction with the incumbent's inability to identify, destroy and bury talents. "Send Dong Shaonan to Hebei" is a preface, and the author writes his feelings against Dong Shaonan's going to Hebei in a clever and subtle way. Implicit, subtle and intriguing. 1, Ma Shuo's paragraph: The first paragraph: Explain the decisive role of Bole in running horses; The second paragraph: Reveal the root of Benma being buried; The third paragraph: summarize the full text and attack the ignorance of horse eaters. Translation:-There is Bole in the world, and then there is running horses. There are often running horses. Died in a stable with an ordinary horse, not famous for traveling thousands of miles a day. A horse that travels thousands of miles a day sometimes eats a stone after a meal. The people who feed horses don't know that horses can walk thousands of miles a day, but they are not fed. Therefore, although such a horse can travel thousands of miles a day, it is not enough to eat, and its talents and advantages cannot be shown from its appearance. How can it be required to travel every day even like an ordinary horse? If you don't take the right path, you can't play your talents. A swift horse screams, but you can't understand its meaning. All you have to do is stand in front of it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" Alas, is there really no maxima? I'm afraid I really don't know maxima.
2. Ma said literature common sense
Ma Shuo is an argumentative essay, taking Bole and Maxima as metaphors, expressing the strong dislike of the incumbent who can't identify, destroy and bury talents. The preface to seeing Dong Shaonan off to Hebei is a preface to giving a reply. The author writes down his feelings about Dong Shaonan's going to Hebei with clever and subtle writing, which is subtle and intriguing.
1, meaning of Ma Shuo paragraph:
The first paragraph: Explain the decisive role of Bole in Maxima.
The second paragraph: Reveal the root cause of burying Maxima.
The third paragraph: summarize the full text and attack the ignorance of horse eaters.
There are Bole and Maxima in the world. There are always swift horses, but there is no Bole. Therefore, even a famous horse will only be humiliated by the servant's groom and die in the stable with ordinary horses, instead of being famous for walking Wan Li Road every day.
A horse that travels thousands of miles a day sometimes eats a stone after a meal. People who feed horses don't know that they can walk thousands of miles a day without feeding them. Therefore, although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, its food intake and physical strength are insufficient, and its talent and advantages cannot be shown from the outside. If you still want to be an ordinary horse, you can't do it. How can you expect it to walk thousands of miles a day?
If you don't take the right path, you can't play your talents. A swift horse screams, but you can't understand its meaning. All you have to do is stand in front of it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" Alas, is there really no maxima? I'm afraid I really don't know Maxima!
3. Some related knowledge points about Ma Shuo
1. Master the function words of key content words in classical Chinese.
2. Understand the meaning of this article and the author's thoughts and feelings.
2 ability training point
1. Develop students' interpretation ability
2. Train students' ability to analyze, understand and summarize the article.
3 the penetration point of aesthetic education
Discuss the concept of talents, establish values and strive to be a "swift horse"
teaching process
First, import. Introduce the author and style.
1. Imported with Bole Xiangma. (Slide) Do the students know the story of "Bo Le Xiang Ma"? (The teacher told a simple story)
2. Introduction by the author. Ma Shuo by Han Yu is the most famous article about horses in all previous dynasties.
Han Yu: Return the word ... (slide)
3. Style introduction is an ancient style, which is used to state the author's views on some social issues. It is written flexibly and skillfully, which is roughly similar to modern essays.
The slide shows that Ailian said lotus-people hold things to show their will, and horses say horses-people hold things to show their meaning.
2. Pronunciation (students listen, pay attention and underline common words)
Read aloud, find out the mistakes, and have a short dialogue with the meaning (first show the pronunciation that should be paid attention to, give the students two minutes to write down the pronunciation according to the notes after class, let the students read the text, stop where there are mistakes, and read it by others after explanation)
Let's go find the horse eater (the slide shows the phonetic notation).
Listen to the tape
Third, students read for the first time and understand the text.
4. Find out the meaning of the text
After class, the students try to translate according to their notes. Ask questions when you meet them. Let's see if there are any students with higher level who can help them solve it. If not, the teacher will explain it to them.
After processing the words, give two minutes to refresh the text. Then translate
Translation adopts the way of "catching the train" in groups, such as the first group, where one person translates a short sentence and is responsible for the first paragraph. Team two, take the second paragraph. Three groups are in charge of the third paragraph to achieve a larger activity area.
After finishing, the teacher evaluates and then reads the text.
Possible text obstacles
A horse can travel thousands of miles a day (a horse can travel thousands of miles a day, which is a sign of post-attribute). It's Ma Mei (talented and beautiful) (that is, auxiliary words, long syllables are as long as wolves).
5. Grasp the structure and dredge the meaning.
1. is a way to explain an argument. The author wants to express his views in Malay. Please see the end. Which sentence best reflects the author's thoughts and feelings?
Are you sure you don't need a horse? I really don't understand horses! So why did the author send out such feelings? Let's review the previous text together.
2. Read the first paragraph first. Let the girls read the first paragraph aloud together.
From the beginning, the author showed a view that "where there is Bole, there is a swift horse". Is there Bole first, then Maxima? So what will happen to a swift horse without Bole? We will continue reading later.
"So although there is a famous horse, it is humiliated by a slave, and it is not called a thousand miles to die in a trough." The first paragraph describes the relationship between Maxima and Bole (slide show-a famous horse is not famous without Bole).
See if there are any questions in the first paragraph. Free reading.
3. In the first paragraph, the author puts forward his own views. Without Bole, a famous horse is not famous. Why can't Maxima take Wan Li Road without Bole? See how Han Yu further expounds his point of view. Boys read the second paragraph and found that the sentence reflecting the reason for burying a maxima is Ma Ye. Although he has the ability thousands of miles away, he is beautiful only when he is hungry and lacks strength. How can he be "hungry"? because
A horse can travel thousands of miles, and a stone can eat it all. Horse eaters don't know that they can eat thousands of miles.
I don't know if it can eat thousands of miles, but the result is: wait for the horse and you won't get it.
Rhetorical question, attribute the responsibility to the fact that people who eat horses don't understand horses. I was filled with indignation when I read it.
This passage was written without Bole, but buried a swift horse (slide)
Random reading
The last paragraph is the above summary, let's watch it together.
The sentence structure of the first sentence is very distinctive. What sentence pattern is it? (Three words don't come together to form a parallelism sentence)
If you don't follow its path, you can't make the best use of it and you can't understand it.
Return to the strategy, face it directly, and say, "There is no horse in the world." Describe the hypocritical and ignorant faces of people who don't understand horses. Finally, I expressed my feelings.
Finally, it's not that there is no swift horse, but "I don't know horses"
Read together
IV. Background Introduction
According to the context, what background do you think Han Yu wrote this article?
At that time, Han Yu entered the official career and couldn't wait to write this article (slide).
Verb (abbreviation for verb) immigration
The author thinks that Bole decides the fate of Maxima. Do you agree with him? Tell me why.
1. Who is more important, Maxima or Bole?
2. If you have no talent, which ancient people did you learn from?
A Han Yu has no talent to write literature, and b Su Qin is angry.
C Dong Shaonan found another job, developed D Tao Yuanming to live in seclusion and enjoy a leisurely rural life.
4. Some related knowledge points about Ma Shuo
The full text is divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph, starting from the dependence of Maxima on Bole, shows that it is inevitable that Maxima's talent will be buried.
At the beginning of the article, the Qifeng suddenly rises, pointing out the premise of the argument with the phrase "there is Bole, and then there is a maxima", which also contains a duality, that is, "without Bole, there is no maxima", which actually shows the dependence of maxima on Bole.
But "Bole" here is a general concept, which refers to people who are particularly good at riding horses. Therefore, the thesis that "there are many maxima, but not many boles" is put forward, which highlights the sharp contradiction between "often" and "not often", indicating that it is almost inevitable to bury maxima.
Then, taking advantage of the trend, when talking about the fate of Maxima, it is thought-provoking to describe the specific situation of Maxima being buried with "humiliated by domestic slaves and dying between valleys". This paragraph, from the whole article, aims to raise questions; The reason why people who know horses are just happy is to expose "horse eaters" who don't know horses.
The second paragraph reveals that the fundamental reason why Maxima was buried is the "ignorance of horses" of "horse eaters". Maxima was buried, in the eyes of ordinary people, probably because of its talent and beauty.
So at the beginning of this paragraph, the key point of the problem is that "a horse can travel thousands of miles, eat a stone at a time, and people who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles, but they can still eat." It is an exaggeration to say that "eat all the millet and one stone at a time", emphasizing that the food intake of maxima greatly exceeds that of ordinary horses; "I don't know if it can eat thousands of miles" means that "horse eaters" feed horses only according to their food intake, which shows that such people are ignorant.
Then, first, "although it is a horse, it can walk Wan Li Road" is the waist trend; Then, a set of parallelism sentences reveals that this "extraordinary talent" is the evil result of "not eating enough"; Finally, he strongly condemned the ignorance of "horse eaters" by using the rhetorical sentence of "if you want to be like a horse, you can't get it, you can find it a thousand miles away". This is a negative proof of the truth that there is bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse.
The third paragraph summarizes the center of the full text and satirizes the ignorance of "horse eaters". First of all, the image of "horse eater" is portrayed by exposing contradictions: "strategy is not in the way, food can't be used to the best of its ability, and words can't mean it." These three sentences closely follow the above and comprehensively summarize the performance of this "ignorant horse" person; "Follow the policy and face it", and write their proud expression of "knowing horses". "Chi" refers to a swift horse. They even declared that "there is no horse in the world" in front of a swift horse. This is complete nonsense.
The contrast between the two vividly reveals the stupidity and absurdity of such people. Then use "alas" to draw out the author's feelings: "There is no horse evil" inherits the above "there are no horses in the world", which is the author's refutation of "horse eaters" and a question for readers to prepare for the next sentence; Then answer with "I really don't understand horses" and complete the full text.
Although the length of this article is short, the center is very prominent. The phrase "I don't know the horse" runs through the whole article.
The word 1 1 is used in this paper. At first, it was said that "Bole is good" and "a thousand miles is not called", which implied the meaning of "I don't know horses". In the middle, it is clearly pointed out that "people who eat horses don't know how to eat thousands of miles", and then "I don't have enough to eat, I don't have enough strength, and I don't want to be with regular horses" to explain the evil consequences caused by "I don't know"; Finally, the ignorance of "horse eater" is denounced by "not taking" and "not being able to take", from which the conclusion sentence "he really doesn't understand horses" is derived, which makes the point clear.
(1) The central argument of this paper is: there is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse. (2) The tragic experience of Maxima was that she was humiliated by slaves and died in a ditch.
(3) The fundamental reason why Maxima was buried was that the horse eater didn't know it could walk Wan Li Road and eat. (4) The direct reason why Maxima was buried was that the lack of food and strength made her beautiful, and she could not get it with Changma.
(5) The "ignorance of horses" of horse eaters is manifested in the following aspects: the strategy is not based on its own way, the food cannot be used to the best of its ability, and the words are unreasonable. (6) The statement that strongly condemns the ignorance of "horse eaters" is: What if you want to stay a thousand miles away from horses? (7) The saying that "people who eat horses" sigh as "people who know horses" is: stick to policies, face policies directly, and say "there are no horses in the world!" (8) The main sentence of the full text is: Is there really no evil horse? I really don't know anything about horses.
(9) A famous person once said: "There is no beauty in the world, but there is a lack of eyes to find beauty." From this, we can think of a sentence by Ma Shuo: There are always swift horses, but there is no bole.
(10) The saying that explains the relationship between Maxima and Bole is that there is Bole in the world, and then there is Maxima. (1 1) The statement that can best show the mediocrity and ignorance of the rulers is: stick to the policy, face the policy directly, and say, "There is no horse in the world!" (12) The sentence that leads to the full text is: There is Bole in the world, and then there is Maxima.
(13) The sentence that shows that ignorance, mediocrity and shallow rulers treat a swift horse unfairly is: If you don't follow its path, you will make the best use of it, but it won't make sense (14). The sentence that expresses the author's lament that Maxima was buried is: Is it really free from horse evil? I really don't know anything about horses. (15) A sentence that can best express the external characteristics of a maxima is: A horse is thousands of miles away, and a stone stirs up a thousand waves.
(16) Maxima is different from ordinary horses. (17) The sentence that expresses the author's inner feelings with rhetorical questions is: Is it really innocent? I really don't know anything about horses.
(18) Beauty often exists in ordinary things. Sometimes in order to pursue perfection, we often ignore the beauty around us, which makes us feel sorry and sad. This kind of experience is similar to Ma Shuo's swift horse, and the corresponding sentence is: We were just humiliated by slaves and died in a low valley. (19) The sentence that Bole played a decisive role in the fate of Maxima is: there is Bole in the world, and then there is Maxima.
5. Ma said literature common sense
Ma Shuo is an argumentative essay, taking Bole and Maxima as metaphors, expressing the strong dislike of the incumbent who can't identify, destroy and bury talents.
The preface to seeing Dong Shaonan off to Hebei is a preface to giving a reply. The author writes down his feelings about Dong Shaonan's going to Hebei with clever and subtle writing, which is subtle and intriguing. 1, the meaning of each paragraph in Ma Shuo: The first paragraph: Explain the decisive role of Bole in Maxima.
The second paragraph: Reveal the root cause of burying Maxima. The third paragraph: summarize the full text and attack the ignorance of horse eaters.
There are Bole and Maxima in the world. There are always swift horses, but there is no Bole.
Therefore, even a famous horse will only be humiliated by the servant's groom and die in the stable with ordinary horses, instead of being famous for walking Wan Li Road every day. A horse that travels thousands of miles a day sometimes eats a stone after a meal.
People who feed horses don't know that they can walk thousands of miles a day without feeding them. Therefore, although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, its food intake and physical strength are insufficient, and its talent and advantages cannot be shown from the outside.
If you still want to be an ordinary horse, you can't do it. How can you expect it to walk thousands of miles a day? If you don't take the right path, you can't play your talents. A swift horse screams, but you can't understand its meaning. All you have to do is stand in front of it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" Alas, is there really no maxima? I'm afraid I really don't know maxima.
6. The author profile of Ma Shuo.
The author of Ma Shuo is Han Yu (768~824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, a native of Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan) and a Han nationality.
Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department.
Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese.
In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", and in the Ming Dynasty, he was regarded as the head of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great man of literate Sect" and "a hundred schools of literature", all his works are included in Mr. Changli's anthology. Han Yu is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
Extended information 1, excerpted from Ma Shuo-Tang Han Shiyu once had Bole, followed by Maxima. A thousand miles away, there are not many boles.
Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by a slave, and it is not called a thousand miles to die in a trough. Bole comes first, then swift horse.
There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often. So even if there are precious horses, they are only humiliated by servants and die in the trough with ordinary horses. They are not called swift horses.
2. The creative background of Ma Shuo was written between eleven and sixteen years of Zhenyuan. At that time, Han Yu entered the official career, which was very disappointing.
I wrote to the Prime Minister for permission three times, but I was on standby for more than 40 days, but I couldn't get past my ambition. I went to the door three times and didn't say anything. Nevertheless, he declared that he was "concerned about the country and the people" and would not hide in the mountains.
7. The author of Ma Shuo
Han Yu (768~824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Word back, Heyang (now mengzhou city, Henan Province) people, Han nationality. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose into pieces and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, he was listed as the first of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a great writer" and "a hundred generations of literators". All works are collected in Mr. Changli's portfolio. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "being easily blamed" and "losing your mind". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of 20, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I failed the third exam. At the age of 25~35, he was a scholar first, and all three attempts to understand Hongci failed. He went to Jin Dong in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou as shogunate generals. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. 36~49 years old, as a supervisor of the empire, please reduce taxes and demote Yangshan order because of drought and famine. Xian zong went back to the north as a doctor of the country and was tired of being an official for the right bastard of the prince. But I am depressed. 50~57 years old, first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, and successively served as a wine festival, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the Ministry of Official Affairs, and Beijing. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.