Physiologist Wu Xiang has done a lot of research on blood, circulation, kidney physiology, acupuncture mechanism and labor physiology. He studied the physiological level of China people and filled the blank of China's physiology. He also made many contributions to the construction of China's physiology textbooks.
Chinese name: Wu Xiang.
Alias: Chengzhi
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province
Date of birth:191010/kloc-0+07.
Date of death:199565438+February 30th.
Occupation: physiologist
Graduate school: Central University
Main achievements: To study the physiological standard of China people, and make up the domestic blank.
Masterpiece: a brief history of the development of modern physiology
Title: Professor II
outline
Wu Xiang (1910-1995), a physiologist, a second-class professor, was born in Cangnan, Zhejiang Province, and 1934 graduated from Nanjing Central University. He has served as a teaching assistant, lecturer and associate professor of physiology at Central University School of Medicine. 65438-0946 studied in the Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, USA, engaged in the research of circulatory physiology, and obtained the Master of Science degree. 1950 was employed by the Department of Physiology of Medical College established by Dalian University. 1950, successively served as head of the Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dalian University, professor of Physiology, Beijing Tuberculosis Research Institute, Physiology Consultant of Peking Union Medical College, and member of Academic Committee of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1983 transferred to Dalian medical college as professor of physiology and director of teaching and research section. Since the publication of 1947, the Outline of Physiology edited by him has been revised and reprinted six times, which has had a great influence at home and abroad.
The life of the character
Wu Xiang, the word becomes it. 191017 was born in Pingyang county, Zhejiang province (native place: 198 1, a newly established Cangnan county). My father is a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine. He received a strict education when he was young. When Wu Xiang was young, he was determined to save the country through education and science. He studies in Shanghai and Nanjing.
1930 autumn, Wu Xiang was admitted to the Department of Education Administration of Nanjing Central University. The following year, Professor Guo Renyuan, a behavioral psychologist, came to teach in our school (193 1 ~ 1933). Wu Xiang was attracted by his academic opinions, so he applied to transfer to the psychology department of 1932 to minor in zoology. At that time, Guo Renyuan came with his teaching assistant Shen He, who was borrowed from the psychology department of Zhejiang University (Shen He later turned to physiology and became a famous physiologist). 1932, Xu was hired as a lecturer in the Department of Zoology of Central University, and Wu Xiang took his course of animal physiology. 1933, Guo Renyuan, Xu and Shen all left Nanjing. In the last school year, Wu Xiang studied experimental psychology and other related courses with psychologist Professor Pan Wei.
From 65438 to 0934, Wu Xiang graduated from Central University with a bachelor's degree in education. That autumn, the Institute of Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, chaired by Professor Bing Zhi, an old zoologist in China, set up an animal physiology laboratory. Wu Xiang was introduced to the Institute by fellow villagers. As a self-funded graduate student in physiology, he has been engaged in physiological research for two years under the guidance of Professor Zhang. From 65438 to 0937, Cai Qiao was hired by Central University as the professor and director of physiology in the Medical College. Wu Xiang read Cai Qiao's book Physiology when he was a student and admired its name for a long time. He applied for teaching assistant and was approved by Cai Qiao. From then on, he followed Cai 14 years. Under the influence of these predecessors, he also formed a rigorous scientific style and laid a solid scientific foundation. 1936+094 1 During the summer solstice, Wu Xiang worked as a physiology assistant in the Medical College of Central University.
1in July, 937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. The School of Medicine of Central University moved westward to Chengdu in that autumn, and it was not until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War that 1946 moved back to Nanjing in the early summer. Wu Xiang also moved westward with the school. 194 1 autumn, promoted to lecturer; 1autumn of 944, promoted to associate professor. 1in the autumn of 945, it was funded by the American Medical Aid Society and sent by the Ministry of Education to study in the United States. First, study in the Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine 1 year. Under the guidance of Professor M.B.Visscher, head of the Department of Physiology, he engaged in the research of circulatory physiology and obtained the Master of Science degree. Then, at the invitation of M.I.Gregerson, professor of physiology and head of the Department of Physiology, Columbia University Medical College, new york, I went there to study blood volume measurement and other physiological measurement methods for half a month. Wu Xiang then returned to Central University School of Medicine. 1948 autumn, recommended by Cai Qiao, Central University approved Professor Wu Xiang's promotion.
At the beginning of 1949, Wu Xiang participated in the establishment of Dalian Medical College through the introduction of his old classmate Professor Shen. In July, Wu Xiang attended the Preparatory Committee of the National Congress of Natural Science Workers held in Beiping (now Beijing). At the meeting, Shen introduced him to his brother Shen Qizhen. Shen Qizhen was the Minister of Health of the New Fourth Army. At that time, he was preparing Dalian medical college according to the instructions of the central government. He recommended to Li Yimang, president of Dalian University, and asked him to hire Wu Xiang as professor of physiology and director of teaching and research section of Dalian Medical College. Because the undergraduates who entered the school in the spring of that year didn't start studying physiology until the autumn of 1950, it was agreed that Wu Xiang would stay in Nanjing 1 year. On the one hand, Wu Xiang finished teaching the last-year physiology course at the Medical College of Central University (renamed Nanjing University after 1949) and taught physiology at the Military Medical University of the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army at 1950; On the other hand, he will step up the revision of the outline of physiology, which will be published by the Second Field Army Military Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. At the same time, Wu Xiang is recruiting and training two physiological teaching assistants for Dalian University Medical College, and customizing several sets of physiological experimental instruments. In this way, when Wu Xiang went to work in Dalian in July, 1950, all the talents, teaching materials and equipment were ready. /kloc-in the winter of 0/950, the establishment of Dalian University was revoked, and the medical college became independent and renamed Dalian Medical College. Wu Xiang remains in his original post. 1954, Wu Xiang was appointed by the Central Ministry of Health to form a delegation with Zhang Xijun and Emperor Wen of Sui (headed by Zhang Xijun) to attend the international Pavlov academic seminar in Leipzig, Germany. 65438-0956 Editor-in-Chief of Progress of Physiological Science.
Wu Xiang is warm, honest and frank. He studies hard and knows everything. 1957, he was mobilized by the leaders of the hospital and put forward some suggestions on the development of educational science at the enlarged meeting. He was criticized and classified as a rightist. He was demoted from a second-class professor to a fourth-class professor. Director of the Department of Physiology, editor-in-chief of the journal Progress of Physiological Science, editor-in-chief of national textbooks, and vice chairman of NLD Municipal Committee were all removed, and many scientific research work could not be carried out. A year later, he was stripped of his rightist hat. However, he was brutally persecuted in various political movements, especially in the "Cultural Revolution". Later, he didn't want to talk more, but he always silently contributed his strength to teaching and scientific research.
From 65438 to 0959, Dalian Medical College moved to Zunyi, Guizhou, and was renamed Zunyi Medical College. Wu Xiang moved with the school and became a professor of physiology at Zunyi Medical College. 1978 to 1983, at the invitation of his old friend, the director of the Beijing Institute for Tuberculosis Control in Tongxian County, he was recuperating there. During this period, he served as a physiological consultant to the Institute and Capital Medical University (formerly Peking Union Medical College, later Peking Union Medical College), and served as a member of the Academic Committee of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1983 was transferred back to Dalian medical college (1995 was renamed Dalian medical university) as professor of physiology and director of physiology teaching and research section. 1984 resigned as a director due to old age and infirmity. 1987 retired, but was still employed as a member of the Expert Advisory Committee of Dalian Medical College. 1988 was hired as an advisory member of the national natural science terminology examination and approval Committee. 199 1 year 8 1 year was awarded a certificate by the State Council in recognition of its contribution to the development of higher education in China. In July of that year, I began to enjoy special government allowances. 65438-0992, was hired as a consultant for the journal Progress of Physiological Science. In addition, he served as director of chinese association for physiological sciences and honorary chairman of Liaoning Physiological Society.
When Wu Xiang was over 80 years old, in order to improve young teachers and graduate students' understanding of the physiological development process and facilitate the inheritance and innovation of physiological research, he collected extensive information and wrote A Brief History of the Development of Modern Physiology, and discussed the important academic contributions of famous physiologists in China. This book was completed in July 1994 and published by Higher Education Press in February 1996, and won the first prize of Beijing Science and Technology Works.
1995 65438+2 months, Wu Xiang unfortunately fell, suffered a femoral fracture, and then had a lung infarction. 1995 12.30, died in Dalian.
Technical achievements
Wu Xiang is a young teacher from 1934 to 1944. Under the guidance of Professor Cai Qiao, I have done a lot of research and statistics on various physiological standards of China people, including vital capacity, blood, growth rate, blood type (ABO blood type and MN blood type), sensory function and basal metabolic rate. And wrote many papers one after another. Journal of chinese association for physiological sciences (Journal of Chengdu Branch of chinese association for physiological sciences) published in 1939- 1945 and American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Volume 28, No.4) published in 194 1. 1944, combining his own and others' research results, he wrote a long comprehensive paper "Research on China People's Physiological Standards", which was published in the second issue of Volume I of Journal of Academia Sinica. 1948, he studied the blood volume of China people, and the research results were published in the Journal of Physiology (Vol. 1,No. 1).
He made outstanding contributions to the determination of physiological constants of China people, and made up for the blank of China's physiological research in this field. Many of the physiological normal values of China people determined by him in the period of 1949 are still cited by academic circles.
During the period of 1942 ~ 1944, under the guidance of Cai Qiao, Wu Xiang and his colleagues explored the chemical nature of smooth muscle contractile substances in rabbit serum, and published several short articles discussing this research in Journal of Chengdu Branch of chinese association for physiological sciences. Later, due to the lack of chemical reagents, the research was interrupted. 195 1 ~ 1952 He led some staff in the teaching and research section to study the law of blood loss and recovery of blood donors, and published a paper entitled Blood Loss and Recovery of Blood Donors. 1954 and 1955, he cooperated with the then central institute of health to carry out labor physiology research to improve the working conditions of industrial workers. He led young researchers from two units to go deep into the high-temperature workshop of the steel plant and personally conducted a physiological investigation. 1956 reported this work at the national meeting of China Physiological Science Society. Detailed information about the labor physiology of steel workers was published in the first issue of Journal of Dalian Medical College (1990).
From 65438 to 0950, Wu Xiang accepted the task of organizing Progress of Physiological Science (quarterly) and personally served as editor-in-chief. 1957 and 1958 edited the first and second volumes of Journal, which were published by Science Press.
From 65438 to the early 1960s, my colleagues and I studied the neural mechanism of acupuncture effect. However, it was not until 1976 that his paper was published in the Chinese Medical Journal 12 in the name of the Physiology Group of Zunyi Medical College.
Wu Xiang has always attached importance to training the younger generation of physiologists. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, there was a serious shortage of physiology teachers, which could not meet the needs of medical education. Since 195 1, Wu Xiang has been entrusted by the Ministry of Health to hold three consecutive refresher courses for physiology teachers. He personally teaches and directs the experiment. In the past three years, the refresher course has trained 26 teachers. These students return to universities and scientific research departments all over the country and become the backbone of teaching or scientific research in their units. After 1954, Wu Xiang trained teachers sent by other institutions many times. 1955, 1963, 1964, 1985, enrolling graduate students in physiology. There are thousands of medical students who have received his education for more than 50 years, and "peaches and plums are everywhere" is well-deserved for Wu Xiang.
As early as the 1930 s, when Wu Xiang was a physiology teaching assistant, he consulted foreign materials under the guidance of Cai Qiao and translated and edited the lecture notes of Physiology Experiment used in universities. After the trial, according to his own teaching experience, he rewrote the lecture notes into the textbook Physiology Experiment. This textbook was revised by Cai Qiao and both of them signed it. Published by Shanghai Commercial Press 1939. This is the first physiological experiment textbook written in Chinese in China. 1944, Wu Xiang compiled a textbook of physiology for college students at the request of the Central Bookstore. He used his spare time and holidays to cope with the cold and heat, and wrote an Outline of Physiology with more than 500,000 words. After the first draft was completed, nearly ten teachers and friends, such as Xu and others, were invited to review some manuscripts respectively, and then Cai Qiao was invited to review and preface the whole book. The book was published in Shanghai on 1947. This book is well received by readers because of its moderate length, strong logic and fluent and concise text. Many medical colleges use it as a teaching material. Wu Xiang also constantly revised and even rewritten this book according to his own teaching experience and the progress of physiology. This book has been revised six times. 1950 spring, the book was first revised and published by the Second Field Army Military Medical University. 1952 and 1954 were revised for the second and third time and published by Shanghai Commercial Press. 1955 The fourth revision was published by Beijing Higher Education Press. 1983, Wu Xiang returned to Dalian and spent two years rewriting the book. The fifth revision of this book, 1987, was published by Higher Education Press. 199 1 invited eight physiology professors from Dalian Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Hunan Medical University and China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine to participate in the sixth revision of this book. The sixth edition is edited by Professor Wu Xiang and Professor Lin. At the end of September, 1992 submitted the revised edition, 10, 1993, 165438 were published by Higher Education Press, and were used as recommended textbooks by the Ministry of Health in medical colleges and universities all over the country. At this time, Wu Xianggang had just finished his 83rd birthday. After that, the book won the first prize of advanced and excellent teaching materials issued by the Ministry of Health. The sixth edition of Outline of Physiology was published by Higher Education Press, compiled by traditional Chinese characters of Yi Xuan Book Publishing House in Taiwan Province Province, and published by Taiwan Province Province in September, 1994.
In addition, Wu Xiang has participated in the compilation of physiology textbooks for medical colleges all over the country for many times. From 65438 to 0959, he participated in the compilation of Physiology, a medical college textbook edited by Xu, and was responsible for writing three chapters on blood, metabolism and urine excretion. 196 1 Entrusted by the Ministry of Health, Dalian Medical College and three other schools have jointly compiled a textbook on physiology, which is mainly used by medical professionals and edited by Wu Xiang. This book is published by People's Health Publishing House, 1963. From 65438 to 0973, I participated in the compilation of "blood" and "excretion" in the large-scale reference book "Human Physiology" edited by Shanghai First Medical College, and was responsible for sorting out and processing. The book was published by People's Health Publishing House 1978.
Wu Xiang's teaching materials are very distinctive. He always makes a decision after repeated research and careful consideration when choosing and choosing the content of teaching materials. He not only attaches importance to science, but also fully considers the needs and acceptance of readers. In writing expression, he not only emphasizes the accuracy of words, but also strives to be fluent and easy to understand, which is convenient for self-study. We should always solicit opinions extensively and humbly before finalizing it. Often for a sentence, or even a sentence, whether it is appropriate or not, I repeatedly scrutinize it and do not hesitate to read a few drafts. For example, the manuscript of the Outline of Physiology has been revised and rewritten six times, which is unprecedented in the compilation of physiology textbooks in China.
After he returned to Dalian from 65438 to 0983, in view of the vigorous development of domestic physiology in recent years, the research on renal physiology was still blank, so he wrote an article and published it in Progress of Physiological Science, calling for this research and putting forward some ideas.
Biographical notes
191010 was born in Pingyang county (now Cangnan county), Zhejiang province.
/kloc-entered the Department of Education Administration of Central University in the autumn of 0/930.
1932 transferred to the Department of Psychology of Central University.
1934 graduated from the Department of Psychology of Central University with a bachelor's degree in education.
1autumn of 934 to1summer of 936, joined the Biology Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a graduate student in physiology.
1936 ~ 194 1 During the summer vacation, I worked as a physiological assistant in the Medical College of Central University (1moved to Chengdu in the autumn of 937).
1941autumn of ~ 65438+summer of 0944 as a lecturer in physiology at the School of Medicine, Central University.
1autumn 1944 to1summer 1948, served as an associate professor of physiology at the School of Medicine, Central University (1moved back to Nanjing in 1946).
1autumn 19461autumn 1947 worked in the Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, USA, and obtained the Master of Science degree.
1in the autumn of 947, he studied blood physiology in the Department of Physiology, Columbia University School of Medicine.
1autumn 1948 to1July 1950, professor of physiology, School of Medicine, Central University (later Nanjing University).
In July, 1949, Professor of Physiology, Director of Physiology Teaching and Research Section, School of Medicine, Dalian University, plans to establish Physiology Teaching and Research Section.
1autumn of 1949 to1summer of 1950, temporarily staying in the Medical College of Nanjing University to teach. He also teaches physiology at the Second Field Army Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
1July, 950 to1July, 957, he went to Dalian University Medical College (1Dalian Medical College after the winter of 950) as a professor of physiology and director of the Department of Physiology.
From 1956 to 1957, he was the editor-in-chief of Progress in Physiology.
1957 to 1969 May as a professor of physiology in Dalian Medical College.
1May 969 ~ 1983 Professor of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College.
1978 Professor of Physiology, Dalian Medical College.
1spring of 19831autumn of 1984, concurrently served as the head of the Department of Physiology of Dalian Medical College.
1987 Dalian medical college retired. Employed as a member of the Expert Advisory Committee of Dalian Medical College.
1988 was hired as an advisory member of the national natural science terminology examination and approval Committee.
1992 was hired as a consultant for the journal Progress in Physiology.
1995 12.30 died of lung infarction and acute respiratory failure in Dalian.
Main thesis
Kidney physiology. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1984.
Wu Xiang, Cai Qiao. Physiological experiment. Shanghai: Commercial Press. 1937.
Wu Xiang, deputy editor. China Encyclopedia of Medical Physiology. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press. 1985.
Wu Xiang (editor, bureau editor). China encyclopedia of biology. Beijing: China Encyclopedia Publishing House. 1992.
5. Edited by Wu Xiang and Lin. Outline of physiology. The fifth edition. Beijing: Higher Education Press. 1987. 6th edition. Beijing: Higher Education Press. 1993.
6 Wu Xiang. Outline of physiology. Version 1. Shanghai: Zhong Zheng Bookstore. 1947. 2nd edition, Nanjing: Second Field Army Medical University, 1950. Third Edition, Shanghai: Commercial Press. 1952. Fourth edition. Shanghai:
7 Wu Xiang. Study on China people's physiological standard. Journal of Academia Sinica, 1944, 1: 3 1.
Wu Xiang. A brief history of modern physiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press.
9 Wu Xiang. Blood loss and blood transfusion recovery. Science bulletin,1952,3:100.
10 Wu Xiang. Chapter six. Blood, chapter 1 1. Metabolism, chapter 13. Urine excretion. See: Editor-in-Chief Xu. Physiology. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House. 1959. Second Edition 1962+057 ~
1 1 edited by Wu Xiang. Physiology. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1963. 12 Wu Xiang. See: editor-in-chief of Shanghai First Medical College. Human physiology. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1978.
Comroejh。 Wu Xiang, wait. Respiratory physiology. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 19 1.
Wu Xiang, 14. There is an urgent need for renal physiology research in China. Advances in physiological science, 1984, 15: 98.