(speech)

There is no ppt today, and everyone has been bombarded with a lot of knowledge. I don't know if you think after listening, we ask a lot of questions in journalism and communication, and everyone is under great pressure. Every teacher has put forward many books to read. Today is the last lecture, so I just want to talk to you as an experienced person. Entering the university is a new stage. There are some issues that everyone cares about. I can also talk about my experiences and lessons in those years and share them with you. So I decided that this topic is the cultivation of comprehensive quality and professional ability, which is a big but negotiable issue.

Universities can be remembered.

When I saw your young faces, I remembered my college days. That was 25 years ago, before everyone was born. When we went to college, we were different from you-I was the first college student to resume the college entrance examination after the Cultural Revolution, when I was about 16 years old. We are different from your college entrance examination. You have been preparing for 5-6 years, and we have only prepared for 3 months, because three months ago, no one in China knew that you could be admitted to the university. A few months after graduating from high school, suddenly one day I learned that the central government had decided to resume the college entrance examination. There are only three months before the exam, and no one knows what to take-there is no enrollment brochure and exam requirements, and everyone is in chaos. We took the exam together after graduating from high school for ten years, because there was no college entrance examination for ten years, and we all went to the examination room together in a daze. Some of them took their children and some were teenagers, so we recited Mao Zedong's quotations in the examination room. After the exam, I went to college in a daze.

However, one thing may be the same as everyone else. 16, 17 years old, just a rebellious period of youth, especially want to leave home. Although I am an only child, I still want to leave home. As soon as I got the admission notice, I couldn't wait to leave the next day. When I left, my parents put me on the bus. Unlike you, we carried the bedroll, washbasin and footbath ourselves, and then we got on the bus to go to college alone.

I studied in Sichuan University with a bachelor's degree. At that time, only a dozen liberal arts universities in Sichuan resumed enrollment. I remember that Peking University only recruited library science in Sichuan liberal arts. We have no choice. I went to the Chinese Department of Sichuan University. In the first week of school, I was frightened. When I entered the university, I suddenly found myself out of control. Suddenly I found that I spent a lot of time in my own hands, I didn't know how to deal with it, and life was nobody's business. So when I received the first letter from home, I hid under the table and cried, but I was afraid to tell anyone. At that time, it was different. You have been used to traveling around the country since you were a child. Before we went to college at that time, we had never left Fiona Fang within 100 km, so leaving home had a great influence. After entering the university, I began to grope and explore slowly, trying to find a faster road to development and progress. When I was in college, I had a reunion for ten years. At that time, there were many writers, poets and accomplished people in our class, but I knew nothing about them. When we were in middle school and primary school, we all read quotations from Chairman Mao and Lu Xun's essays. After I went to college, I knew nothing: Tolstoy knew no one. So I began to imitate others every day and began to cultivate my learning quality in all directions.

Looking back now, I don't have much emotional life in college life because of the age gap with my classmates. I can only read by myself. After studying for four years, I laid a good foundation for my later development, and my later road went smoothly. My generation, a professor in their thirties, started to be a doctoral supervisor at the age of 34, which was quite smooth. But this smooth process is actually related to the fact that I spent four years in love with others to study and temper myself. In fact, not only reading, but 80% of the books read are useless. But the process of reading and training is important. Why should I talk about this topic today? I just want to discuss with you what qualities we need to cultivate most when we are young.

There is a big age gap between you and me. You are all born after 80. I can't fully understand and communicate your emotions. There is still a deep generation gap between us. This generation gap is not intentional, but because we grew up in completely different environments. So, I may not know what qualities you think you need to cultivate most after entering the university.

Willpower builds self.

In fact, before you step into Tsinghua campus, your parents, teachers, relatives and friends will have a lot of exhortations, telling you what to pay attention to in the future. The warnings given to us by others, although we will feel very important in our hearts, feel correct. But in fact, after you enter the school and enter a new environment, every lifestyle is the harvest of your own personal experience. Many decisions we make today may face changes tomorrow, and will be impacted, shaken and changed. Therefore, other people's warnings are not the most important. What is important is that one must demand of oneself. He must set a goal in his mind and use it to measure his behavior. Even if I can't resist the temptation today, I will ask myself to return to this goal tomorrow. After repetition, willpower is exercised.

After entering the university, willpower training is very important. Different from the middle school stage, the daily space in the middle school stage is very limited and the classroom work is very full. After returning to China, I stayed with my parents, leaving little time for myself to control freely. Homework is constant and pressure is constant. There is a quiz every ten days and a big exam every month. All kinds of pressures force you. But after entering the university, you will find that this kind of pressure is much less. Although there is some competition in the final grade, there is not so much homework in daily situations, and the teacher has no time to check whether you have read it every day. Moreover, there is a big difference between universities and middle schools in terms of supervision system, and the most important thing is that the information space you actively choose in universities is greatly increased. Last semester, all the teachers could give you 100 or 200 reading lists. But in fact, few students dare to say that they have all read these 200 books, or that they have all read them carefully. Then this involves a question: you have to choose between these information: which is important and which I have to read; I might skim through it and read it less carefully. Then, the initiative is up to you. University is different from middle school education, and the initiative of middle school education is not in your hands. But after college, more and more initiative is still in your hands. As we all know, we want to fight for freedom when we have no freedom, but when we have freedom, we will feel very lonely and helpless. I suddenly found myself unable to judge what I should do, what I shouldn't do and how to do it. Before, the teacher said that you should do this and you should do that. Although you don't want to, you still have to do it. But it's different now. Often no one tells you what you have to do. You have to decide for yourself whether to do it or not. So after you go to college, you will find that you have the initiative to learn. This initiative needs something to support. What do you rely on to support your initiative? As we all know, a famous philosopher named Fromm once wrote a philosophy book called Escape from Freedom. He talked about the reasons why fascism prevailed. Why a car accident on the street can surround a circle of people-this is herd behavior. Conformity is very common in our life. Why? He put forward a psychological truth, that is, in order to escape the freedom in the heart, everyone did it, and you felt safe when you did it, and you felt a sense of identity when you did it. When you are with a group of people, you will feel very practical and safe. Therefore, people escape from freedom, so fascism (including the Cultural Revolution) can prevail. I was five or six years old during the Cultural Revolution, and I shouted slogans with others every day. Twenty hours by car, reciting quotations from Chairman Mao everywhere. So everyone happily lived a sunny day. At that time, there was no need to study or recite; If the teacher has a bad attitude, we write posters, so the teacher is also afraid of the students. At that time, we did not have much loneliness. Everyone is together every day: class in the morning, standing up for the first time. Everyone must recite quotations from Chairman Mao. Everyone lives in such a conformity state. But today, we need to arrange our lives independently.

Four years in college is very important for everyone. This is a very important period for us to cultivate independent will, independent judgment and independent creativity. The most difficult thing for a university is to develop our potential and decide and choose our own life independently. Then the most important thing in this paragraph is to cultivate the independence of life. From the state of endorsement to the state of self-understanding and judgment. In this way, knowledge is the knowledge related to you. University study needs independence.

Seek truth/goodness/beauty

As we all know, there is a famous philosopher Kant, who put forward three social goals in Kant's theoretical framework, namely truth, goodness and beauty. How to understand these three goals? In fact, these three goals are the goals of social development and also the goals of a person's development. For Kant, these three goals are inherent in ourselves, not imposed on us by the outside world. The so-called truth is the most basic knowledge and wisdom. This is really about understanding society. First of all, you should have the knowledge to know and grasp the world, and then you will have wisdom, because only with wisdom can you understand this problem. This is the first floor we talked about. The second is goodness, which also includes two levels. On the one hand, it is morality, which is some moral qualities established by society. In addition to moral quality, there is actually a very important point, called will. In goodness, all persistence must be through willpower. In other words, everyone says that it is difficult to learn well and easy to learn badly. From the philosophical origin, human nature may have selfish desires, so it is relatively easy for people to become bad people when they do bad things. But if people want to be better, become a quality person and a noble person, they need willpower, restrain their own selfish desires and become a person respected and recognized by all. Therefore, from the moral quality, we should cultivate willpower. The third goal is beauty, and the most important thing in beauty is the ability to experience and feel. In fact, all of us are experiencing life, but some people's lives are colorful. Even a disastrous life may be considered colorful, unforgettable and memorable in his memory and feelings. But some people live a rich and fulfilling life, but they feel very monotonous and their lives are very pale. Why? This is a question of feeling life.

Of course, beauty is not only to experience and feel life, but also to have the ability to feel the beauty of life. I used to teach film and television, and I found that some students have good intelligence, good thinking ability and good expression ability, but the things they made lack feeling, just like a person wearing clothes lacks feeling. Do you think his clothes are bad? They are all brands, but his clothes are always uncomfortable and inappropriate, and there are always awkward places. Some people write articles and make movies. It's hard to say what's wrong with this kind of thing. In fact, it may be true, but you will feel that it is just uncoordinated, and it just has no proper restrictions. In fact, the highest art in a person's life is above the appropriate limit. For example, some people are good at self-expression, but this kind of self-expression goes too far. Once it goes too far, everyone will hate it. In my memory, there will always be a classmate who loves self-expression, but his self-expression sometimes has a strong boasting component, boasting color and a feeling of grandstanding. If this thing goes a little too far, the students will resent him. But often such people lack this sense of self-aesthetics, which is the sense of art and its due limit. All measurements are within a millimeter, and we say that a millimeter is a thousand miles away. In fact, this tiny feeling is not reasonable, but your beauty, just like rhythm.

So truth, goodness and beauty are a comprehensive quality. We say that we should cultivate a person's ability to know the truth, adhere to the ability to be kind and feel the beauty. These are our three main goals. Of course, one cannot completely coordinate and unify the development of truth, goodness and beauty. If so, this is a perfect person, a perfect person, and this is the goal we pursue all our lives. But this goal is often unattainable. Because sometimes, although we are full of ideals and longings, there will still be many changes, many influences and impacts in our lives. Therefore, this ideal and goal is like a big ship. Ideals want to dock, but they are always affected by big winds and waves, which makes the docking process full of hardships. But these things are worthwhile in themselves.

Morality is a kind of happiness

We often regard moral quality as an external thing that others ask us to do. As far as my experience is concerned, I think moral quality is sometimes a kind of happiness, my own happiness. This kind of happiness mainly comes from the respect of people around you and the recognition of your environment. Of course, this recognition may be long-term or temporary, but in the long run, you will be respected by this society. The establishment of this moral quality is very important, especially for us media people.

There is a course in our class called media ethics, or news ethics. The course of journalistic ethics not only tells you journalistic ethics, such as how to respect the privacy of others, how to safeguard citizens' right to know, and how to adhere to the professional ethics of a media worker, which will be discussed with you in the course, but more importantly, it should cultivate a moral quality that is responsible for society. Whether it is Pulitzer Prize or Journalist Award, the winners of various news media awards are mostly people who are full of love for this cause. It not only regards the media as a profession, but also as a means to earn money-of course, these are also very important in a sense, but first of all, it loves this cause, can make its own sacrifices for this cause, is willing to let the society know the truth, bring justice and justice to the society, and even risks its life to bear all kinds of social persecution and social pressure. Of course, when I say this, I don't mean that I must do something against the current in my practical work, but that he must have a quality.

I have participated in several annual summary meetings and awards meetings of CCTV Review Department. A group of young journalists who have just left school have one thing in common, that is, their love for journalism and their persistence in social responsibility of journalism. Their programs are sometimes too sharp to broadcast, but these children still love what they do. Everyone burst into tears when talking about the works they shot. But they are happy when they are happy. They feel that their works have been broadcast and played a positive role in society, which makes them very excited. This is not measured by economic utility, or I think my enthusiasm has been recognized by society. For news media personnel, it is extremely important to cultivate a love for society and a sense of social responsibility, rather than being confined to a small world, which determines whether you can achieve great things in the future. Of course, sometimes we don't all have to pursue great achievements and great undertakings. But at least there is a big realm and a big mind. Some people pay attention to petty profits all their lives, suffer from loss and be unhappy all their lives. But some people can't get so many benefits and benefits all their lives, but his realm and mind are different, and he is happy. From this point of view, the social responsibility of journalists is extremely important.

Universities should be halls of elites.

I think universities should set up their own elite flag without shame. Universities are not elites yet. Where do you think there will be elites? Everyone knows the elite-although after we enter the society, we will feel very self-righteous when we say that we are elites. However, I think universities should cultivate everyone's elite morality and elite consciousness. Otherwise, how can society develop and progress? Because we have few university teaching resources, but we recruit many students-30 teachers recruit 1000 students. How did he educate him? Can't educate! What do we do? Finally, how do students acquire practical knowledge? Put them in the media, TV stations, newspapers, and go there to gain knowledge-of course, internship is a very important link-but the process of internship is definitely not a process of simply learning knowledge. The media is the present tense, and it is already something that lags behind the future. If you learn after him, you can't reach its level, then you are not worse than it. We should have better ideas, better awareness, better methods and skills. Then when we go to the media internship, we should combine the reality of the media, and at the same time, we can guide the media to a limited extent and guide the changes and development of society. This is a concept that universities all over the world must have. The same is true in the United States, such as the film academy, which must train you to read fine works and classics instead of letting you watch Hollywood blockbusters every day. Because you haven't been as good as others for a long time, and they are your role models. On the other hand, you studied elites or classics in college. After you go out-of course, you can't say that I am an elite after I go out. I just won't marry you. That's impossible. -but your elite ideas and elite thoughts, you will be combined with a practical thing, mutual integration, forming a tension. Then at the same time, society transforms you, and you are also transforming society and promoting social progress and development. So in this sense, we must have elite education, and elite education can't be obtained from the Internet. You can't get it from the ordinary mass network of the Internet.

Reading and surfing the internet

Truth, goodness and beauty need to be cultivated, and one of the ways to cultivate them is reading. However, now, students' reading has become an arduous task. Many people have been divorced from the life of reading.

The school found that the failure rate of freshmen in the exam has increased obviously in recent years. Later, it was found that those who failed said that their failure rate increased because they played games, chatted, didn't read books, didn't even attend classes and didn't finish their teachers' homework every day. This situation is because we just came out of middle school and entered the university, and found that time is all our own, and we lack the ability to control ourselves. Although we condemn ourselves every day, we wasted it yesterday and will do it the next day. This will happen even in graduate school. When we graduated from graduate school, we often said that I wasted a lot of time in these three years, and I felt very sorry and regretted it. However, in the beginning, they didn't get up until 9 o'clock or 10 every morning, then got up and turned on the computer, received last night's email and finished reading the letter. Then I went to eat at noon and chatted with my classmates. It was 2: 00 p.m. and even had a lunch break. Then go to play football and swim. It's almost five o'clock. It's time for dinner. After dinner, chat online. They called themselves the Jiu San Society (get up at 9: 00 a.m. and get up at 3: 00 p.m. after lunch break), and later they became the eleventh and fifth societies. There are only three hours left to study in a day! And this situation is not a person, but a group of people. Therefore, for college students nowadays, reading is easier said than done. I had a heart-to-heart talk with graduate students last semester and asked them how many books they had read this semester. Not many of our graduate students have finished five books in one semester. I think this is terrible, so I always think that no one can actually manage reading, and people can only manage themselves.

In the Internet age, why should we emphasize reading? Because although the resources on the network are very important, we should make good use of the network, but the network also has several important defects: First, its knowledge source is biased towards the public, towards the surface and towards the results. Just like online language, online language has only conclusions, only slogans, no process and no argument. Including online news selection, which news is sensational, it must put which one in front, and it must put the sensational part very big. Then he lacks thickness, a sense of history, a process, and especially an elite culture. Now our classmates write papers in more and more online languages. Every sentence is a conclusion, and all slogans, even the subject, predicate and object, are incomplete. For example, students say that China's films have no humanity, so China's films have no way out, but they can't answer how he summed up and demonstrated this sentence.

Kung fu transcends poetry.

There are many books to read. Books on journalism are extremely limited. I haven't studied news for a day since I was a child, so I dare not say what the subject is now. However, the history of journalism in China is very short, especially when it has become a real discipline system and theoretical system. And all of you here-if you grow up in the future, you can look through all kinds of publications of our humanities-you will find that journalism is probably the subject with the least articles, the least standardized writing and the least annotations in all academic research of humanities and social sciences. Including our academic journals, we sometimes find that we have attached great importance to the study of literature, history, philosophy and academic norms: from the topic selection, writing and annotation of papers, there has been a certain professional academic threshold. But on the other hand, look at the articles in our so-called core journals (news communication), 3000 words, 5000 words. A paper, a big topic, but no notes! Of course, this is just a phenomenon. I want to explain that the history of this subject is relatively short and the discipline norms are relatively shallow. Then under this premise, kung fu is outside the poem. In other words, the professional books of news itself are limited. Of course, everyone will watch it, and the teacher will arrange for you to watch it. However, the total number of these books is limited and cannot be compared with literature. If you want to learn Chinese, you must read thousands of books: foreign literature can list you three hundred and four hundred; China Literature lists hundreds of books for you. At least, there are many poems, hundreds of modern literature, hundreds of contemporary literature, as well as literary theory and aesthetics. I have been learning Chinese, and it is very dark after reading it. Books on journalism are limited, and their gold content is limited. Then this requires us to expand the scope of reading. In the future, as we all know, if you study news media, the information you will deal with in the future will not only be news-related. When you study communication in the future, you will know that we call reporters "gatekeepers". This janitor doesn't just stare at the door. There are all kinds of people outside the door. Thousands of people of all kinds pass by your door. You should judge which is good, which is bad, which is beautiful and which is ugly. You have to be able to see, otherwise why are you guarding the door? And if you want to judge, you must have other knowledge, and you must have knowledge from other disciplines to support it, instead of just knowing how big the door is, you must be able to identify the information flow-what is flowing at your door. Starting from Tsinghua, we now emphasize general education. In the first year, there are almost no specialized courses in your course, which is similar to our comprehensive experimental class. Literature, history and philosophy will account for a very important proportion, plus English. In addition, Tsinghua used to be a science and engineering school, emphasizing the intersection of arts and sciences will give you a considerable number of natural science courses. And these courses are very important to you. To some extent, these contents are not as important as the knowledge of your major in the future. Judging from the distribution of graduation, when people were looking for jobs in the past two years, they suddenly found that it was relatively easy for students with different majors and backgrounds to find jobs. Including the graduate students we are recruiting now, I think he has a minor in university-undergraduate Chinese and minor in economics; Or he studied a foreign language but minored in law. Generally speaking, when such students apply for graduate studies, we will take extra care of them, of course, if possible, in line with the rules. Then this compound knowledge background is very important, especially for those who study news media. Therefore, all of us should read miscellaneous books when studying.

Maps and monographs

Reading miscellaneous books may be difficult at first, and people don't know what to read and what not to read. When you read a book to a certain extent, you will be suddenly enlightened. It's no use talking now. There are two types of books: one type of book I call a map book, just like a map, is an introductory and general book. The disadvantage of this kind of books is that they are not creative, or their uniqueness and ideological content are not sufficient, because they are introduction and overview. But this book is like a map. For example, I will introduce you to popular culture, such as the cultural history of China, and the history of western literature. This kind of book looks boring on the surface, but it is like a map. I suggest you find a book like this and read it carefully before entering any subject or any field. After reading this kind of books, you will have a sense of map, know what the subject looks like, know where the southeast and northwest are, and when you come into contact with any part of the subject, you will know which part of the map it is in and what it has to do with the surrounding area. Therefore, we should abandon the mediocrity of such books and find the logic of such books. This is a way of reading. When we come into contact with any new subject, such books can give us a general understanding of it. The conclusion is not important, and the explanation is not necessarily important, but the theme framework is very important.

The second kind of books are so-called monographs and personal monographs. If we choose a good book, it will be imaginative, creative, expressive and full of personality. For example, you read Nietzsche. After studying for a month, you will feel that you have the power to go abroad. At least that month, you will feel eager to try. Then this kind of book has its own personality charm that affects you, and so will you when you read Heidegger and Freud. After reading Freud for a month, people must want to do psychoanalysis when they see him. This kind of book needs to be read carefully. Read as a case, as a case. We have some introductions, a map, and some classic cases in some places on this map, so you have the score of this subject in your heart. If you meet this subject again in the future, at least you won't be an idiot, or you don't know where it is in this subject and in this field with this book. These are two kinds of books, you can choose to read them.

Humanistic accomplishment and philosophy of literature, history and philosophy