The first part is argumentative knowledge.

First, the three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

(1) argument

It is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and the soul of argumentative writing. Argumentative essays generally have a central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. It is necessary to distinguish between central arguments and sub-arguments.

The way the article puts forward the central argument: title, beginning, end and induction.

(2) arguments

Is the material to prove the argument. It is ordered by argument and serves for argument.

(1) There are two kinds of arguments: factual arguments and rational arguments.

1 factual arguments: including representative cases, conclusive data, reliable historical facts, etc. The examples used can be general or specific. If you use facts to prove the argument, at the same time, use examples to prove it.

Rationality demonstration: refers to the correct theory that has been tested by people's practice and recognized by the society, including social science theories, such as philosophical theories; It also includes the principles, laws and formulas of natural science and widely circulated proverbs, famous sayings and epigrams. Note that sometimes rational argument also refers to the author's reasoning.

(2) the role of arguments

Normative answer format is as follows:

This is an argument to prove the argument (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument. )

(3) argument supplement

To do this kind of topic, we should pay attention to the following two aspects: ① Look clearly at the types of arguments that require supplementation, that is, see clearly whether the requirements are famous sayings or example sentences; ② Pay attention to the word limit when adding celebrity cases.

(3) Demonstration

(1) refers to the process and method of proving an argument with arguments. It is the link between arguments and arguments. Argumentative writing solves the problem of "what needs to be proved", argumentative writing solves the problem of "what to prove" and argumentative writing solves the problem of "how to prove".

(2) There are four common types: example argument, reason argument, contrast argument and metaphor argument.

Second, the argumentation method of argumentative essay

(1) Examples: concrete examples, generalized facts, various phenomena, and statistical data cited to prove the argument, and the author's analysis of it is all examples. (Proved by facts and examples)

Function: illustrate ... and demonstrate the point of view ... concretely and forcefully. Facts speak louder than words, which enhances the persuasiveness of the article.

(2) Reasoning and argumentation: the famous sayings quoted by the author that can prove the argument, the accepted theory, the author's analysis of the argument, etc.

Function: To quote famous sayings, aphorisms, proverbs, etc. , fully and forcefully demonstrated the viewpoint of …, and enhanced the persuasiveness of the article.

(c) Metaphorical argument: a figurative sentence that can directly prove a point of view.

Function: it vividly shows ... and makes the reasoning of the article easy for people to understand and accept.

(4) Contrastive argument: Argument from both positive and negative facts or reasons. Contrast can be two different things or two different aspects of the same thing. The two sides of the contrast should belong to the same category and show opposite or relative nature in some aspects.

Function: From both positive and negative aspects, it confirms the viewpoint of ….

Third, the structure of argumentative writing.

Structure of argumentative essay

(1) General form: ① Introduction (question); (2) this theory (analyzing problems); ③ Conclusion (solving the problem).

(2) Type: ① Parallel type; ② Total score formula: total score, total score and total score; ③ Progressive type

Fourth, the language of argumentative writing-rigorous, accurate and general (miscellaneous feeling: vivid and vivid)

Example 1: "We have established an independent and relatively complete national economic system, and our economic strength and comprehensive national strength have been significantly enhanced." Use the word "comparison" to define, and use strict wording. It embodies the rigor of argumentative language.

Fifth, analyze the argumentation process of the article.

First of all, we should understand the structure of argumentative essays: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (papers)-solving problems (conclusions). Analyzing the argumentative thinking of argumentative writing is actually some words such as "first", "then", "next" and "last" on the basis of paragraph level. When you do this topic, you should pay special attention to the opening and closing sentences.

(A) the beginning of the content

(1) put forward the central argument; (2) lead to the topic;

In the above two aspects, we should specifically answer the specific ways to put forward the central argument or lead to the topic.

(2) Analyze how the argument is put forward.

1 Quote famous sayings and put forward the central argument; ② Cut to the chase and put forward the central argument; (3) Put forward a central argument (or topic) about the phenomena existing in life; (4) Describe the author's experience and put forward the central argument; ⑤ The author puts forward the central argument from the story.