The goal of literature review is not only to report information, but to establish contacts and synthesize ideas. The following are the frequently asked questions in the literature review I compiled for you. Welcome to read, I hope you will like it.

Literature review can help new researchers to innovate on the basis of existing knowledge, so when writing this chapter, we should explain to readers the differences between the paper and previous studies. The research on this kind of subject is a new and important academic subject. However, graduate students are prone to make the following four mistakes in the process of writing literature review:

1, a large number of articles piled up.

I mistakenly think that the purpose of literature review is to show my understanding of other related studies. As a result, many literature reviews do not focus on the problems studied, but become a list of reading experiences.

2. Give up the right to learn and criticize easily.

In China's colleges and universities, most of our students are postgraduate students, so there is often a phenomenon that a large number of research results of their own tutors are cited without paying attention to the research results of other peers. Students are worried that their papers will fail, so they seldom criticize the shortcomings of their tutors' existing research. Students are more likely to give up the right to criticize when they meet famous teachers. Because of quoting a lot of other people's works, each paragraph begins with who said it, which makes my paper a verification report of the effectiveness of other people's research and can't convince readers that my paper has made important contributions.

3. Avoid and abandon research conflicts and find another way.

When there are many academic controversial research topics, or when the existing research conclusions are found to be contradictory, some graduate students' papers will avoid contradictions and conduct a research that they think is innovative. Giving up all these conflicts is actually giving up a lot of valuable information, and this so-called innovation, because it has no connection and comparison with any existing research, has no reference value and will be given up by future generations. In the face of uncoordinated or contradictory research, it is found that although it takes more time to deal with it, don't shy away from what is important or even give up on your own initiative. In fact, these disharmonies or conflicts are very valuable and should be used more. It is necessary to integrate the conflicts and contradictions of existing documents. The new research has better and stronger explanatory power than the old research. One of the reasons is that new research will integrate and improve past gains.

4, selectively explore the literature.

Some graduate students do not systematically consult the existing research literature to find suitable questions or predictable assumptions, but claim that some research lacks literature, thus admitting that their research is exploratory. If the existing literature is discussed selectively, the literature review will become a reflection of the subjective will of graduate students, which is an opportunistic review.

Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic and comprehensive literature review, seek, evaluate and integrate the evidence of scientific research with rigorous scientific design, and ensure the completeness and fairness of the literature review. We should correct the style of study, be brave in exploration and not avoid contradictions. Analyzing the causes, methods and conclusions of the conflict can lay a successful foundation for future research and papers, and make the research results of the paper have application value and theoretical significance for subsequent research.

Extended data:

Other issues

1. The literature collection is incomplete and the key points are omitted.

Some graduate students fail to fully incorporate representative materials into the research scope due to improper data collection scope or methods, or choose materials only according to their own preferences. As a result, we can't systematically and comprehensively grasp the research status quo, or unilaterally understand other people's research results, thus blindly thinking that a certain problem or field has not been studied, making our own research a kind of repetitive work. Therefore, before writing the summary, we must collect all the information. The research of the dissertation should be "proficient in specialized knowledge, read all the specialized books, and really have something that foreign parties can write."

2. Literature reading is not in-depth, simply listed, "comprehensive" but not "stated"

When writing a summary, we must fully understand the existing research viewpoints and accurately express them with reasonable logic (either in time order, or in memory logic of viewpoints, similarity degree, etc.). ). If the review only lists the views of predecessors without systematic classification, induction and refinement, then the content will be very messy and lack of internal logic. This is not conducive to clarifying the relationship between the existing research results, and it is also difficult to recognize the development context, in-depth research and existing problems of a problem, let alone go to the forefront of problem research.

If it is "comprehensive" rather than "narrative", then even if the content is systematic, it is only a statement of other people's views at best, and it cannot achieve the purpose of finding and establishing the theme of the paper through analysis and comment.

3. Personal opinions are the main body of comments.

Some graduate students just skim through the research status quo in the summary, comment on it with a lot of space, and then put forward their own research ideas. Therefore, literature review is written as a review or research plan.

Literature review is mainly to sort out the research status and trends of related disciplines, clarify the research status, progress and predicament, and provide reference for follow-up research. Therefore, the focus of review is "synthesis", that is, its main part should be an objective interpretation and analysis of previous views; Personal views, that is, appropriate "narrative", can play the role of closing comments or enlightenment, but they should not be the main body. In addition, summarizing and refining the viewpoints must be based on the original documents, and the viewpoints cannot be imposed on the original authors; If you have different opinions, you can comment on the original author's opinions, but the arguments must be sufficient, and readers can distinguish the original author's opinions from the reviewers' own opinions, and they cannot be mixed together.

4. Avoid the heavy, and deliberately highlight the importance of your own research.

As mentioned above, the purpose of graduate students writing summaries is to find the breakthrough point and breakthrough point of dissertation research. Some graduate students still find it difficult to find problems after completing the review, so they think there is no problem to study in this respect. In order to complete their own papers, they deliberately omitted or weakened some research results in the review, or magnified the shortcomings of existing research to highlight the value and significance of their own research. This result can only be repeated research, and its innovation can be imagined. In fact, there are many reasons why the problem cannot be found. It may be that their academic accumulation is not enough or their thoughts are not profound; Maybe the topic is inappropriate, too big or too small; It may also be that the discipline development is in the "plateau stage". However, not finding a problem does not mean that there is no problem, let alone casually perfunctory with a studied problem. If it is their own reasons, graduate students should strive to improve their own level under the guidance of their tutors, calm down and think deeply and complete the topic selection; If it is a problem of discipline development, we can try to complete the topic selection by opening up new fields, using new methods and providing new materials.

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