Study on intercropping roses between grain and vegetables

The field experiment of intercropping rose with vegetable and grain showed that the economic benefit of intercropping rose with vegetable and grain was 1.5~6.0 times higher than that of single cropping rose, and the mechanism of successful intercropping was analyzed from three aspects of soil fertility, space and time. The selected seven excellent models can be popularized and applied to production under different conditions.

Keywords rose; Food; Vegetable; Intercropping; profit

China Library ClassificationNo. S685.12; S344.3 the document identification number a is1007-5739 (2011) 03-011.

Study on Crops and Vegetables in Rose Fields

Fang 1 Guo Yonglai 2 Zhang Jingju 2

(1 Meteorological Bureau of Pingyin County, Shandong Province, Pingyin 250400, Shandong Province; 2 pingyin rose Institute)

Intercropping experiment of vegetable and grain was carried out in rose garden. The results showed that the economic benefit was 1.5~6.0 times that of single rose, and the mechanism of successful intercropping was analyzed from the aspects of land productivity, space and time. The selected seven good models can be applied to production.

Keywords rose; Grain; Vegetable; Intercropping; Benif

Rose is an important perfume plant with a wide range of uses. Can be used for brewing rose wine, pickling rose sauce and extracting rose oil. Rosebud can be used as medicine and tea to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Roses have the characteristics of strong resistance and easy management, so the planting area of roses is increasing. In order to make full use of land resources and improve planting efficiency, the author made a comparative study on 14 planting mode on the basis of summarizing people's experience in intercropping Chinese rose for many years [1-2], and screened out seven excellent intercropping modes, which provided scientific basis for large-scale popularization.

1 materials and methods

1. 1 test material

The cabbage variety tested was Zhonggan1; The variety of tomato is Feng Qiang; The potato variety is Taishan1; The cabbage variety is Kang Feng 70; The watermelon variety is Zhengza No.5; The variety of water radish is Lu radish No.4; Rapeseed variety is victory; Wheat variety is Lumai 13 or Shaanxi 7859; The soybean variety is Ludou 7; The sweet potato variety is Xu Shu18; The maize variety is Luyu No.3; The millet variety is Lu Gu No.7; The peanut variety is Haihua1; The scallion is Zhangqiu scallion; Garlic is Cangshan garlic. The tested rose is a five-year-old grafted double-petal red rose. Plena)。

1.2 test overview

The experimental site is located near Rose Town, Pingyin County. It is a low mountain and hilly platform with deep soil layer and irrigation conditions. The soil is carbonate cinnamon soil, containing 0.9% organic matter, 0.07% total nitrogen, 0. 1 1% total phosphorus, 36.5 mg/kg alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, 7.7 mg/kg available phosphorus and 74 mg/kg available potassium. Rose density 1.0 m? 2.5 m, crown width 1.2 m, plant height 1.5 m, planted in north-south direction.

1.3 experimental design

There were 14 treatments in the experiment, each with an area of 333 m2, which were repeated twice. Leave 60 cm on both sides of the rose row as a nutrient reserve, and 1.3 m in the middle as the intercropping boundary. Fertilization, watering, pest control and other management as usual.

1.3. 1 rose vegetable planting pattern experiment. Four treatments were set up, namely, cabbage, tomato and rose intercropping (S 1), 10. Seedling was raised on a warm kang in late February, and then transplanted to a sunny border for secondary seedling raising in mid-March. Plant 3 rows in each border with a spacing of 40 cm, put on a small plastic arch shed after planting, and take off the shed in mid-April; After harvesting cabbage in late May, plant two rows of tomatoes on each side with a spacing of 30 cm. Intercropping Chinese rose with potato, green onion and Chinese cabbage (S2), selecting virus-free potato, mid-February 10? Soak the seeds in g/mL gibberellin for 30 min, then put them indoors to dry, sand culture to accelerate germination, and sow them in 2 ridges in each border at the beginning of March with a spacing of 30cm；; After harvesting potatoes in mid-June, digging ditches between two ridges and planting 1 row of green onions at a spacing of 5 cm; In early September, 1 row of Chinese cabbage was planted at a distance of 50 cm on both sides of the green onion. Interplanting watermelon and radish with roses (S3), planting watermelon 1 row at a spacing of 40 cm in mid-March, and covering with plastic film after planting; In mid-July, two rows of radishes were planted with a spacing of 20 cm. Intercropping rape, mustard and roses (S4), sowing rape in two rows in each border in the first ten days of 10/0, with a row spacing of 40cm, and sowing in the second ten days of July. Plant two rows of mustard every 50 cm.

1.3.2 rose and grain planting pattern experiment. Six treatments were set up, namely: intercropping wheat and soybean with roses (L 1), 10 sowing wheat in each border in early October, with a row spacing of 20cm；; Sow 4 rows of soybeans in mid-June with a spacing of 30 cm. Rose interplanted with wheat and summer sweet potato (L2), and wheat planting was the same as before; After wheat harvest, two rows of sweet potato ridges are 70 cm apart and planted at a spacing of 25 cm. Rose intercropped with wheat and summer corn (L3), and wheat planting was the same as before; The middle pressure of wheat is 40 cm in mid-May? The row spacing of corn continuous cropping is 40 cm. Rose interplanted with spring sweet potato (L4) in mid-April at a rate of 30 cm? Plant 2 rows of sweet potatoes in each border, with a spacing of 70 cm. Rose interplanted with wheat and late grain (L5), and wheat planting was the same as before; After harvesting the wheat, clear the stubble and prepare the soil, and sow four rows of millet at a spacing of 30 cm in each border. In late April, interplanting roses and spring peanuts (L6) with a density of 20cm? Four rows of peanuts are planted in each border with a spacing of 30 cm.

1.3.3 planting pattern experiment of roses, grain and vegetables. Set up four treatments, namely: rose interplanting wheat and scallion (LS 1), wheat varieties selected Shaanxi 7859, 10, 10, sowing in mid-October, and sowing in 7 cm in late June? 60 cm plant spacing, planting 2 rows of green onions in each side ditch. Rose intercropped with wheat and radish (LS2), and wheat planting was the same as before; Press 20 cm in mid-July? 60 cm plant spacing, planting radish at ridging point. Rose intercropped with soybean and spinach (LS3). In mid-April, soybeans were planted in 4 rows with a row spacing of 30 cm. 10 year 10 After harvesting soybeans in early October, trim the border and sow spinach. Rose intercropped with soybean and garlic (LS4), and soybean planting was the same as before; Planting garlic before cold dew, the density is 12 cm? 30 centimeters.

There is no gap between the rows of roses (CK), and other management is the same.

2 Results and analysis

2. 1 growth

All kinds of intercropping crops grow well. Tomato has a high fruit setting rate (125 page)

(Continued from page 1 19)

Good fruit shape; Onions grow vigorously, with a high proportion of scallion and white; The first-class tuber rate of potato reached 70%. Wheat and millet have thick stems and full grains, and there is no lodging phenomenon, because roses create a suitable growth environment for them. Although peanut and soybean plants are growing well, the fruiting situation is not as good as that of ordinary fields, and the fruiting near roses is obviously reduced, and the full fruit rate is also obviously reduced. This is because peanuts and soybeans are protected from light, and the shading of roses reduces the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The rose plants are taller, which hinders the air circulation and has certain influence. Corn grows vigorously, and the fruit is better than that in the field. However, because of its tall plants, it gives roses more shade, which greatly affects the growth of roses. Sweet potato is not much different from ordinary fields, but it is easy to attach to roses during its vigorous growth period, which affects the growth of roses.

2.2 Economic benefits

From the table 1, it can be seen that the economic benefit of 14 treatment is obviously higher than that of CK, and the difference between treatments is also very significant. The highest benefit is 6.0 times that of CK, and the lowest benefit is 1.5 times that of CK. Judging from the three planting patterns, intercropping vegetables has the highest benefit, and intercropping food crops has the lowest benefit. However, interplanting vegetables requires a lot of labor, labor, high fertilizer and water conditions, and also requires certain technical conditions; In contrast, intercropping food crops saves labor, fertilizer and water, and the technical conditions are low; The benefit of mixed cropping of grain and vegetables is between the two.

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2.3 Mechanism analysis

There are three mechanisms for the success of rose intercropping: one is the rational distribution of soil fertility. The number of root systems in vertical section of three grafted roses was investigated at a distance of 60 cm from the root neck of roses. The survey results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the root system of grafted roses is deeply distributed and concentrated. At the distance of 60 cm from the root neck, 75% of the roots are distributed below the soil layer of 20 cm, while the roots of vegetables and food crops are mostly distributed above the soil layer of 20 cm, thus avoiding the contradiction between Rose and intercropping crops on water and fertilizer. The second is the rational use of space. Rose is a shrub, with a natural height of about 1.8 m and a crown width of about 2.0 m. By pruning, the rose can be controlled in a certain spatial range, which can make room for crops on the one hand, and prevent the flowering part of the rose from moving out on the other hand, which is more convenient for picking flowers. When selecting intercropping crops, dwarf crops should be selected to reduce the impact on roses. Rose and intercropping crops can also use each other. For example, under the condition of shading, green onions grow vigorously, green leaves are bright and there are few pests and diseases. Rose shade, the temperature is lower, you can sow radish in advance, sell it in advance, and increase economic benefits. Roses can be used as windbreaks, which can prevent crops from lodging and prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Intercropping crops between rose rows can reduce the evaporation of surface water and prevent the growth of weeds. Leguminous plants such as soybeans and peanuts can also fix nitrogen and increase soil fertility. Third, the time allocation is reasonable. Potatoes are selected in early spring, and spring cabbage, Chinese cabbage and winter wheat are selected in late autumn. The main growth period is when the leaf area coefficient of roses is small, which can make full use of space and light energy.

3 Conclusion and discussion

In the intercropping mode of roses and vegetables, the intercropping benefits of cabbage, tomato and potato, green onion and Chinese cabbage are the highest; In the intercropping mode of rose and grain, the intercropping benefit of wheat soybean, wheat summer sweet potato and wheat late rice is higher; Among the intercropping patterns of roses and grain and vegetables, wheat, green onions, wheat and radish have the best benefits. These seven planting patterns can be used as the best models for large-scale promotion. Rose is a natural perfume plant, and its planting benefit is greatly influenced by the market. Intercropping can not only make full use of land resources [3-4], but also reduce the risk of planting roses. When the benefit of roses is good, you can intercrop less or not, make full use of space, and make roses bloom in three dimensions; When the benefit of roses is poor, you can cut the roses again to leave more space for intercropping. Roses can also be planted with large row spacing, which makes intercropping crops occupy more space and is beneficial to mechanization [5-6].

4 references

[1], Zhuang, Dong. Planting Performance and High Yield and High Quality Cultivation Techniques of Roselle in Zhangpu County [J]. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology, 2007 (2): 27.

[2] Roy ·A·R, Wang Wuhu. Effect of interplanting oil bean crops in Zhu Jin [J]. Tropical Crops Translation, 199 1 (4): 43.

[3] Zheng Runfang, Ping Jinling, Cultivation and Propagation Techniques of He Xiang in Monthly Season [J]. Modern Rural Science and Technology, 20 10 (6): 24.

[4] Liu Hengde, Du, and Paizi? Tuoheti, et al. Investigation on the planting status of edible roses in Hotan area [J]. Rural Science and Technology, 2009 (6):119-120.

[5] Hou Jie. Production and Cultivation Techniques of Multi-season Rose [J]. China Rural Xiaokang Science and Technology, 2009 (3): 40-4 1.

[6] Bi Min. Key points of cultivation techniques of white rose [J]. Rural practical technology, 20 10 (6): 5 1.

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