In the process of writing academic papers, it is inevitable to quote other people's research results, data and opinions. These quotations usually appear in papers in the form of quotations to support the author's views and arguments. In academic norms, the quoted content needs to indicate the source, that is, a reference number needs to be added after the quoted text to facilitate readers to check and verify the quoted content.

In paper research, the citation rate refers to the percentage of the number of words cited in the total number of papers. The citation rate is calculated by adding all the words cited in the paper, dividing by the total number of words in the paper, and then multiplying by 100%. Therefore, whether it is direct quotation or indirect quotation, as long as the quoted content is not identified as plagiarism, it will be counted in the quotation rate.

Indirect quotation refers to the author reporting or summarizing other people's research results, data and opinions in his own language, rather than directly quoting the original text. Although indirect citation will not be identified as plagiarism, it is still necessary to indicate the source in the paper search and count it into the citation rate.

It should be noted that in paper search, if the quoted content is identified as plagiarism, then the repetition rate is included, not the citation rate. Therefore, when writing a paper, the author should pay attention to the rational use of quotations and paraphrases to avoid plagiarism. At the same time, when quoting other people's research results, data, opinions, etc. , to carefully check the original and source, to ensure the accuracy of the quoted content.