Broadly speaking, expression refers to the special sentence organization used by the author when writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. By analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface. First, there are many rhetorical skills of words and sentences, including metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, contrast, personification, allusions and so on. We should pay attention to different styles of works when grasping its expression techniques as a whole. The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence and symbolism, etc. Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc. Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, and analogical reasoning. Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing. The analysis of expression is a very general topic. Pay attention to the requirements of solving complete geographical problems when answering questions, and answer them concisely and accurately. For some topics, such as appreciating writing skills, it is necessary to accurately grasp the context, theme and genre style of the article, and choose the most important answer. It is not necessary to cover everything, such as the various methods of shaping characters in novels, such as the various methods of expressing emotions in prose, and try to get points.

Expression skills of appreciation of ancient poetry

The meaning of expression is different from that of expression. Expression refers to the poet's use of various techniques to enhance the expressive force of poetry in order to achieve his own creative purpose. It is a skill and method.

1. Fu Bixing: It is the expression of the creation of The Book of Songs, and it is a metaphor and analogy. Prosperity is prosperity. In other words, say something else first and let the lyrics be sung. "

Such as: Guan Wei

The Book of Songs

Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river.

A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.

Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.

A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.

If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.

Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.

Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.

A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.

Pull shepherd's purse from left to right.

A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.

This paper describes the bitter pursuit of "gentlemen" and the ideal marriage mode of "ladies" in the aristocratic society of Zhou Dynasty with the dove rising, the ratio of picking leeks and the knot of piano and drum in the sound of harmony between men and women.

2. Citation: that is, citing historical facts and using allusions in ancient poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of ancient poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works. Such as: "Jiangchengzi? The sentence "When will Feng Tang send it? Hunting in Mizhou (Su Shi) uses allusions to express the comparison between the poet and Feng Tang, hoping to gain trust and reuse one day, protect the border and kill the enemy, and serve the court.

3. Set-off: "Set-off" refers to the method of highlighting the main things with similar or opposite conditions between things and certain things. The artistic technique of using similar or opposite conditions between things to highlight certain things as a foil. Using the approximate conditions of one thing to set off another thing is called positive contrast; Using the opposite condition of one thing to set off another thing is called contrast.

Positive contrast: for example, "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lunqing"; Contrast: there are dynamic contrast and static contrast, such as "there is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream"; The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the bird, when it flows in spring"; Sad emotions are set off by happy scenes, such as "green grass stains the steps in spring and birds sing happily under the leaves"

4. Contrast: The purpose is to highlight one side. Li Bai's "A Thousand Miles" and "One Day" in "Arriving at Baidicheng Early" are in sharp contrast with the remoteness of space and the brevity of time, showing the speed of sailing and the pleasure of mood. The contrast between "the country is broken" and "the mountains and rivers are here" and "the city is spring" and "the vegetation is deep" in Du Fu's Spring Watch, that is, the country is broken and the mountains and rivers remain unchanged, and the city is beautiful and the scenery is barren, which deepens the emotion. In addition, the ruins are in sharp contrast with the vibrant "urban spring", which shows the author's infinite regret for the destruction of the country.

5. Rendering: Tracking colors to enhance the effect. For example, in Li He's Wild Goose Gate, "Dark clouds crush the city, and light scatters the sun" exaggerates the tragic atmosphere of the battlefield and the cruelty of war from two aspects.

6. To express one's will by citing things: to express feelings and ideas by describing something or something.

Such as: lime kiln

Yu Qian

A thousand hammers cut the mountain, and the fire only burns casually.

Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, leaving innocence in the world.

Poetry personifies the process of quarrying, burning lime and soaking lime, and expresses the poet's will through images, expressing that he would rather suffer hardships and even live, but also keep integrity and keep his life innocent.

7. Make the finishing point: point out the main idea with one or two wonderful words. For example:

Zui Hua Yin

Li Qingzhao

The mist is thick and the clouds are thick, and the days are sad. Kapoor is among the birds in the incense burner. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Don't say clear autumn is not a person, the west wind rolls the flag and beads curtain, and the person in the curtain is thinner than that Huang Ju.

This word is a blend of scenes, describing the sentimental and self-pitying character of the hostess. At the end of the sentence, "Mo Tao is unattractive, and people are thinner than yellow flowers", and the word "thin" makes the finishing point, which summarizes the meaning of the whole article and makes the characters and artistic atmosphere very harmonious.

8. See the big from the small: reflect major themes from ordinary and subtle things. For example:

Heiweipai

Liu Yuxi

There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane.

Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.

Through the description of the sunset weeds and swallows changing owners, the poet profoundly shows the great changes in the past and present, and implies ridicule and warning to the rich and powerful families. The poet put pen to paper from the side and expressed it by artistic means of seeing the big from the small. The language is implicit and intriguing.

9. Zhang Xianzhi: Poets often express their thoughts or feelings at the end of poems. For example:

Shuchengxiang temple

Du Fu

Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?

The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.

The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.

By praising Zhuge Liang, the Taiwan Federation expressed its concern for the country and the people, hoping to make contributions to the country.

10. Praise first and restrain first: The so-called praise first refers to the object that should be praised vigorously, but you belittle it and criticize it as soon as you start writing. The "suppression" in the above article is to compare the "yang" in the following article.

For example:

This park is not worth visiting.

Ye Shaoweng

You should cherish the moss on your shoes' teeth and buckle Chai Fei for a long time.

But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall.

In the first two sentences, the poet was rejected by the pleasure of visiting the garden; In the last two sentences, the poet got something else. When he sees all the love, there is a gap between his feelings, with regret in front and happiness behind. What is adopted here is the method of promoting first and restraining first.

1 1. Association: Associating one thing with another thing related to it, or connecting similar features in things to form a typical example. "Jasper makeup into a tree high, hanging green silk sash in ten thousand. I don't know who cut off the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " The poet linked the graceful willow branches with the green ribbon, and used clever metaphors to create a novel image with unique romantic colors, which changed the symbolic meaning of willow expressing feelings.

12. Imagination: People create new ideas through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis on the basis of existing materials and ideas. In Wang Wei's "I miss my brothers in Shandong on vacation in the mountains", he imagined that the brothers were missing one person when climbing the dogwood, expressing the poet's own feelings for the brothers. .

13. Inverted sentences in word order: Inverted sentences commonly used in ancient poems, such as "Autumn Night in the Mountain", "Whispering of Seven Sages in the Bamboo Forest" and "Lotus leaves in front of the fishing boat" by Wang Wei, are the inverted sentences of "returning to the soul" and "getting off the fishing boat"; Du Fu's "Shu Xiang" and "Dedicating Sincerity to Two Generations" are the inversion of "opening two dynasties"; Xin Qiji's "Huangsha Road Xijiang Moon Walking at Night", "In the old days, Maodian was at the edge of the community forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge", that is, when the poet was walking at night and the stream bridge turned, he suddenly saw the previously familiar Maodian on the edge of the community forest, which stood out in front of him, expressing the poet's special feelings for it, which was not easy to see.