The handwritten abstract of the paper is written in capital letters. The first line is the title (centered) and the other line is the summary. After writing the word summary, you need to write a colon, and then write directly after the colon.

Write the word abstract, start a new line and write the content in two spaces.

It is the epitome of the full text, so it is necessary to put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper and briefly describe the framework of the full text. Abstract is an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper. The main points of the paper should be prompted in the abstract so that readers can understand the main points of the paper at a glance.

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.