* * * is located in the east of Gansu, at the west foot of Ziwuling. It is adjacent to Huangling in Shaanxi in the east, Binxian and Xunyi in the south, Changwu in the west and Ningxian in the north. The county * * * governs 10 townships,11administrative villages, 695 villagers' groups, 5 1900 households with 233,700 people, with a total area of 1979 mu. The average elevation of the county is 1460m, the average temperature is 8.3℃, the average annual rainfall is 630mm, and the frost-free period is about 180 days. With large temperature difference between day and night and superior natural conditions, it is an agricultural county with obvious regional characteristics and the best suitable area for apple planting, with a long history of apple planting.
First, the current situation of apple production
In recent years, * * * based on the county situation, adjust measures to local conditions, closely focus on the overall goal of "prospering the fruit, enriching the people and strengthening the county", make full use of resource advantages, pay close attention to planting scale, strengthen management and increase benefits, so that apple production has become a new economic growth point in the county. The area of orchards in the county reached 6.5438+0.5 million mu, including 6.5438+0.65438+0.8 million mu of apples, accounting for 78.6% of the total area. Due to the improvement of management level and apple quality year by year, the fruit quality rate and household sales rate have also been greatly improved, reaching 60% and 75% respectively. Red Fuji Apple 1996 and 1997 won the gold medal in the provincial forest and fruit products fair for two consecutive years, Qinguan Apple 1998 won the "Huludao Cup" gold medal in the national apple appraisal, and Changfu No.2 won the first place in the national quality products fair in 2000. Zhengning Apple is named after "Mi Long" brand, which has a certain popularity in the whole province and even the whole country. In 2005, the county's apple production reached 24 million kilograms, with an output value of 265,438+10,000 yuan, and the total fruit output value accounted for 18% of the county's total agricultural output value. Collective and individual private processing enterprises 15 have been established in the county, with an annual processing capacity of all kinds of fruits 150 tons, with processing added value of 2.5 million yuan and profit and tax of 750,000 yuan. 20 fruit banks with a capacity of over 50 tons, 30 fruit banks with a capacity of 30 tons and 86 fruit banks with a capacity of 1460 holes have been built. There are 2/kloc-0 fruit companies and 39 fruit transportation teams, with an annual sales of 6 million Jin of fruit and a tax revenue of more than 265,438+10,000 yuan.
Second, the problems in apple production
1, the management level is relatively low. Zhengning's economy is backward, farmers' living standards are low, some fruit farmers' income is limited, orchard investment is obviously insufficient, management is not in place, most fruit trees in the orchard grow slowly, with few or no fruits, and the number of commercial fruits is small, which directly affects the efficiency of the orchard. For example, after investigation, some orchard households with large orchards have not solved the problem of food and clothing, let alone the investment and management of orchards. Li Suihu, a fruit grower in He Yong Town, built a 6-mu garden on 1999, and has not seen the income of 1 cent, so life is very difficult.
2. The promotion of high technology lags behind. Due to the influence of capital and technology, some famous new varieties and high-tech can not be introduced in time, and the experiment, demonstration and popularization of scientific research projects are restricted, which seriously restricts the development of Zhengning apple production to a high level. If high and new technologies such as bottle capping and biological pest control are not fully extended to all orchards.
3. The pace of industrialization needs to be accelerated. The internal quality of Zhengning apple is superior in China, and the gap with the international market is not big. However, there is still a big gap in appearance and packaging quality compared with the main producing areas in Shandong and Liaoning and foreign countries. The high-quality commodity rate is low, less than one-third of that of foreign countries. In particular, the post-harvest treatment and processing and storage are weak, and a series of post-harvest treatment technologies such as disinfection, cleaning, grading, waxing, packaging, refrigeration and sales of fruits are still blank, which seriously affects the storage life and sales of fruits. For example, * * * has not yet built a large-scale modern fruit processing plant and fruit preservation storage, and the post-harvest processing of fruits is still in its infancy.
4. The variety structure needs to be further optimized. Zhengning is dominated by late-maturing red Fuji, with few other early and middle-maturing varieties. The proportion of fresh fruit and processed varieties is out of balance, which does not meet the needs of multi-variety development in the four seasons and the market, with few updated varieties and low coverage rate of excellent varieties. According to the investigation, 70% of orchards in the county are mainly Changfu No.2 and Qiu Fu 1, and Qin Guan and Xin Hongxing also account for a certain proportion. The proportion of early-maturing variety Royal Gala and processed variety Australian Green Apple is very small, less than 5%.
5.* * * financial resources are weak, and it is difficult to get funds in place. The serious shortage of investment in apple industry, especially the lack of scientific research funds and materials, has affected and restricted the rapid development of fruit industry in this county. After investigation, the county and township financial investment in the apple industry is very small, less than 654.38+10,000 yuan per year, which basically cannot play a role.
Third, the main countermeasures and measures to develop apple production
(A) development ideas
Market-oriented, benefit-centered, highlighting the regional advantages of apple planting in the Loess Plateau, adhering to the road of sustainable development, relying on science and technology, adjusting layout, optimizing structure, highlighting characteristics, cultivating brands, paying attention to scientific management of orchards, popularizing technical standards for pollution-free and green fruit production, vigorously popularizing new technologies and varieties, applying various business models, establishing bases, cultivating leading enterprises, supporting large-scale processing, storage, transportation and marketing enterprises, and.
(2) development goals
On the basis of the existing 6.5438+10,000 mu of apples in the county, 20,000 mu of apples have been newly developed every year since 2006, and 6.5438+10,000 mu of apples have been added in five years, bringing the total area of apples in the county to 200,000 mu, with a total output of 90 million kilograms and a total output value of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan.
(3) Development measures
* * * Apple production should follow the new requirements of industrialization development, seize the historical opportunity of western development, adjust the layout in time according to market demand and resource conditions, speed up development, strive to improve the market share and economic growth rate of commodities, and strive to build a new pattern of apple industry construction with market as the leader, base as the leader, base connected with farmers, and production, processing, supply and sales as one. To this end, we believe that we should pay special attention to the following points:
1, strengthen organization and leadership, and form a joint construction force. Governments at all levels should strengthen the leadership of apple industrialization. As the main pillar industry of * *, Apple must strengthen its leadership in planting, management, marketing and processing. The government should take the lead, strengthen the strategic research of apple industry, make long-term planning in development and accelerate the industrialization process. It is necessary to open more channels, set up more windows, explore the market, increase publicity, raise awareness, wait for customers to attract customers, and be mutually beneficial and stress credibility. The whole county sings "one drama" to revitalize the fruit industry and enrich the people and strengthen the county.
2. Reasonable industrial layout and variety structure adjustment. According to the natural conditions of Zhengning, select suitable varieties, continue to follow the development pattern of "three belts and one area", focus on the construction of key villages and large plots in the northern tableland, continuously expand the scale of fruit belts in the southern tableland, and strive to quickly build a high-quality apple base with regional scale advantages of 65,438+10,000 mu by the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the market, stabilize the existing red Fuji area and develop other famous and special new variety bases. Whether varieties are suitable or not plays a long-term and decisive role in the future yield, quality and benefit of apples. From the current and future market situation analysis, 1: 5: 14 is the ideal collocation ratio of early, middle and late-maturing varieties. This ratio is conducive to the complete pollination of apples, which can ensure the diversity of high-quality apples, prolong the time to market and fully ensure the market demand. For the old apple orchards that lack competitiveness, serious pests and diseases and poor economic benefits, we are determined to replace inferior varieties with high-quality varieties. The preferred varieties should be Royal Gala, Yanfu 1, Yanfu 2, New World, etc. It is characterized by strong tree vigor, easy flowering, early fruiting, high fruit setting rate, high and stable yield, bright fruit color and fragrant taste. The ripening period is the off-season of melons and fruits, and the price is higher than that of Red Fuji, so it has strong competitiveness in the market. * * * We should be market-oriented, do everything possible to introduce and promote high-quality new apple varieties, take the initiative in time, advance varieties and consciousness, adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to introduction, breeding and education, and constantly increase the resources of new varieties, so as to produce one generation, reserve one generation, breed one generation and cultivate one generation, ensure that the produced apples can win with superior quality, expand sales with superior quality, occupy the market with superior quality and improve product popularity.
3, actively promote practical technology, the implementation of excellent fruit strategy. Our county is a dry farming area, and drought is the main factor restricting fruit yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust and meet the water demand of apple trees through drought-resistant farming measures. Generally, three measures can be taken: (1) soil and water conservation. Measures such as harrowing and grinding in early spring, intertillage in summer, and deep ploughing in late autumn and early winter are taken to conserve soil moisture. You can also use mulch, weeds, straw, green grass and other methods to keep water. (2) Through rational fertilization, adjusting tree structure and fruit load, the water absorption and drought resistance of trees can be improved. (3) According to the water demand and natural precipitation of fruit trees in different growth seasons, reasonable irrigation should be carried out to meet the water demand of fruit trees.
Five measures must be taken to implement the excellent fruit strategy: (1) reasonable load. According to the age, growth potential, variety characteristics and other related factors of fruit trees, the fruit yield is reasonably adjusted to achieve the purpose of stable, high and high-quality production. (2) thinning flowers and fruits. According to the principle of "artificial flower thinning first, then flower thinning, then fruit setting", the measures of flower thinning and fruit thinning were implemented to overcome the "big and small years" and improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality. (3) picking leaves and turning fruits. In the first ten days of September, the shading leaves around the fruit were moderately removed, and the direction of the fruit was rotated to promote the overall coloring of the fruit, improve the quality of the fruit and improve the commodity value. (4) fruit bagging. Bagging fruits in time after thinning flowers and fruits can prevent insects and birds, reduce pesticide residues, promote fruit coloring, increase sugar content and improve commodity value. (5) spraying trace elements. By spraying trace elements such as calcium, iron, boron, zinc and copper on the leaves, the normal growth and development of fruit trees can be promoted and the fruit quality can be improved in an all-round way.
4. Strengthen team building and improve the service system. It is necessary to intensify the promotion of science and technology. To improve the service network at the county, township and village levels as soon as possible, it is necessary to optimize and improve the county level, focus on upgrading the township level, popularize the village level, set up various forms of fruit farmers' associations, and build a service system that is linked up and down and connected left and right. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the training of technical teams at all levels, especially to pay close attention to farmers' technical training, popularize the professional, procedural and standardized orchard management system in an all-round way, and implement advanced technologies such as formula fertilization, water-saving irrigation, orchard grass planting, flower thinning and fruit thinning, single fruit management, limited production and quality improvement, fruit picking, staged harvesting, chemical control and biological pest control.
5. Cultivate leading enterprises and accelerate the formation of industrial chain. Building dragon economy is the key to industrialization, but it must be driven by leading enterprises. Therefore, we should take the market as the center, take the cultivation of leading enterprises as the breakthrough of industrialization construction, and form an economic chain of fruit industrialization driven by leading enterprises. The first is to establish a circulation enterprise dominated by fruit sales. Establish * * * Apple Development Group Company to achieve market convergence and farmers convergence, sign production and sales contracts with fruit farmers in the form of company+base+farmers, bring the fruits produced by fruit farmers to the market in time, and timely organize the supply of production materials urgently needed by fruit farmers, so that enterprises and fruit farmers can form a close alliance of "risk * * * interests * * *" and completely solve the problem of fruit sales. The second is to establish a development enterprise dominated by fruit storage and processing. Efforts should be made to establish a fruit storage system with 1,000 tons of modified atmosphere storage as the main body, supplemented by simple pits and small earth pits, with a fruit storage capacity of150,000 kg, so as to realize peak season storage, off-season sales, surplus adjustment, preservation and appreciation. At the same time, it is necessary to inspect and demonstrate the production lines of fruit cleaning, grading and waxing and the processing lines of fruit juice, fruit wine, fruit tea and preserved fruit, and walk with multiple legs to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in the market and increase income in all directions.
6. Cultivate the market system and promote the circulation of fruits. To build a dragon economy, we must bring products into the great cycle of market economy and gradually establish and improve the market system. The first is to explore the tangible market. With the great development of fruit industry, a number of wholesale sales markets should be established in Yonghe Township, Qitou Township, Zhoujia Township and other major fruit producing areas to provide trading places for foreign investors and expand product sales; The second is to explore the intangible market. It mainly requires enterprises or consortia to strive to provide quality services, strengthen product quality supervision and management, stress credibility, and occupy the market with product and service quality. The third is to expand the business network. Give full play to the main business channels of the business sector, correctly guide fruit farmers into the circulation field, set up various purchase and sale organizations, mobilize people from all walks of life who have the ability and expertise to form a purchase and sale consortium, and engage in transportation and marketing with thousands of troops to promote the development of fruit commodity economy.
7. Draw lessons from advanced experience and formulate incentive policies. First, make full use of the preferential policies in the development of the western region, the construction of old areas, poverty alleviation and development, especially the relevant policies in documentNo. 1 of the Central Committee this year to encourage farmers to increase their income, and earnestly formulate preferential policies for the development of the fruit industry to provide policy guarantees for the development of the apple industry. Second, we should fully seize the favorable opportunity for the state to cancel the tax on special agricultural and forestry products, increase support for fruit farmers, do everything possible to improve the economic benefits of orchards, and mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for planting fruits. Third, to solve the problem of shortage of scientific research funds for fruit trees, the county finance should allocate a certain amount of special funds every year for introduction, seedling raising, experiment, promotion, cultivation and reward, so as to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the apple industry.