According to the characteristics of the school's training objectives, enrollment system, teaching arrangements and administrative management, colleges and universities can be divided into four categories. That is to say, universities, colleges, technical colleges and some advanced technical colleges.
French comprehensive universities have a long history and complete departments, and their scientific research strength and teaching equipment occupy an important position in the structure of French higher education. Universities are under the unified leadership and management of the Central Ministry of Education and Research, and are the basic components of higher education. There are 79 comprehensive universities in France, three of which are located overseas, with more than1.2000 students. Students studying in comprehensive universities account for about 90% of the national college students. University majors include engineering and medicine. There are thousands of training departments and research departments in universities, as well as some research institutes, professional colleges and teacher training institutions. The academic system of a university is generally 9 years, and the system of combining credits with certificates is adopted. Nine-year study can be divided into four stages with different lengths. Those who pass the exam can get a national diploma. Some universities award their diplomas.
The first stage lasts for two years, which is the stage of basic theory education. After two years' study, students get the required credits, and after passing the exam, they can get the DUT. Students can enter the next stage of study or find employment in society with this diploma.
The second phase lasts for one year. After one year of professional basic study (actually the third year), students can complete the required courses and credits, and obtain a bachelor's degree after passing the examination. Those who get a bachelor's degree can enter the third stage of study and research, or find employment in society.
The third stage usually takes two years. After two years of professional study (in fact, the third and fifth years), students can complete the required courses and credits and obtain a master's degree after passing the examination. Those who get a bachelor's degree can enter the third stage of study and research, or find employment in society.
In the fourth stage, students can get their doctorate only after completing their doctoral thesis and passing the exam. Doctoral degrees are mainly offered to students who have obtained in-depth study diplomas. According to the different requirements of each major, it generally needs 2? In 4 years, people who get a doctorate can become university lecturers.
In addition to the difference in certificates and degrees in the above three stages, almost all majors in French universities have various professional certificates and certificates, but they must be approved by the education administrative department before they can be issued.
There are more than 300 professional colleges of higher education in France. This kind of school is also called? Big school? , belonging to the leaders of relevant French ministries and commissions, the school obtained? French bachelor? Students who have studied for two years or have studied in preparatory courses offer special courses and provide special education for at least two years (such colleges charge tuition fees). Comprehensive education is carried out in the first year, and then students' application ability is focused on. The academic system of higher vocational colleges is generally three years, and entering such schools requires fierce competitive examinations. These schools have mandatory regulations on the courses and training of engineers, teachers and civil servants, but they are more flexible in training potential managers. These schools are generally small in scale, but they are famous. Many senior officials, scholars, engineers and business management talents have graduated from such colleges.
Higher vocational college graduates are generally awarded? Engineer? Or other vocational qualification certificates, and students who have obtained such certificates can also transfer to universities for the third stage of study.
There are 90 short-term engineering universities in France. These colleges mainly provide training courses related to future employment in industry and service industry. Students usually have to study for two years and get an engineering diploma (DUT Technical University Diploma). According to the results, the dean decides whether the students can enter the university. If you fail in your academic performance, you will be rejected to enter the second grade. Schools can provide such students with career guidance in the future, or allow them to repeat their first-year study courses. After graduating from engineering colleges, students can enter the job market to find a job, or they can enter a comprehensive university or a higher professional college for further study.
Students in engineering colleges should get it first? French bachelor? Qualification or equivalent. Some special majors also require applicants to take extra exams. Foreign applicants should obtain a bachelor's degree or equivalent. About 60% graduates directly enter the job market, and most of the rest go to universities to study for master's degrees in engineering or natural science.
Senior technical schools offer various types of professional courses, such as technical courses or engineering courses. At present, there are about 1700 schools in France. After graduation, students can get the diploma of senior technician, which is referred to as BTS (Brevet de Technischen Superieur).
There are also many private colleges in France, such as clothing, photography, architecture, interior decoration, advertising, business and industrial design. Most international students choose private colleges to study, because the admission qualifications are relatively loose, and their grades are judged only by professional works.
A year in France is divided into two semesters. The first semester is from the end of September to the end of 1, and the second semester is from February to June. Grading methods are divided into general examination (for ordinary students) and academic year examination (for students who usually need to go to work). Students who usually fail to pass the exam can take the academic year exam as a make-up exam.