Starting from the definitions of network interview and network reporter, this paper comprehensively summarizes and discusses the personality of network news interview, and points out that network interview also has its own shortcomings.
Keywords network reporter; Network news interview; Features and shortcomings
Network news interview is one of the important research contents of network news communication practice and the initial link of engaging in network news communication practice. It mainly uses the Internet as the environment for news material collection, and collects materials and related resources by searching, interviewing, downloading and editing. Network news interview developed directly from traditional news interview and computer-aided news. Its main research contents include how to use the virtual space provided by the network to find interview clues, how to use network resources and databases to collect and check data, and how to use e-mail, BBS, newsgroups, mailing lists, VoIP and chat tools, visual interactive equipment, etc. Use digital hardware equipment and technology to conduct long-distance global real-time and all-round news gathering and research activities, as well as news material gathering and research activities in real space.
Network news interview is mainly completed by network reporters. Network reporters can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense, and the broad sense includes all netizens. Professor Li Xiguang believes that the Internet has lowered the threshold for entering the journalist industry, and people do not need any special political requirements, special economic investment, professional diplomas and journalist cards. As long as you have access to the Internet, you can connect with thousands of viewers and become a reporter. (1) Because there are quite a number of communication channels for online news, including WWW websites, newsgroups, mailing lists, BBS, page paging or their combinations. , which determines that its publisher (i.e. starter) and forwarder can be any institution or any individual, which will inevitably lead to a large number of individual users surfing the Internet becoming amateur or even full-time journalists. From this perspective, Professor Li Xiguang's definition has some basis. In a narrow sense, network reporters refer to all professionals engaged in news practice in network communication media (websites). This definition is equivalent to the traditional generalized journalist definition. The difference is that network journalists should be multimedia digital journalists, who have several roles (writing, recording, editing, broadcasting, hosting, publishing, etc.). ).
Broadly speaking, most network reporters have not received specific professional training, and their reporting activities are often blind and occasional. When writing and publishing information online, their purpose is generally unclear. Most of them usually use their spare time to surf the internet, and their interviews and writing are mostly mobile, mostly for random creation.
The network reporter mentioned in this article is narrow. This kind of journalists generally have a high level of theoretical policy, profound professional knowledge of news communication, profound knowledge of various disciplines, superb news gathering and writing ability, good professional ethics and skilled network communication technology and operation ability. The news collected and disseminated by such journalists can generally be disseminated in the network by using the genre and concise language consistent with the news content on the basis of ensuring authenticity. For some important news events and continuous news, ordinary individual network reporters can't finish it at all, and they must rely on those news websites with strong material and financial resources, especially a group of experienced and powerful journalists. Some analytical and comprehensive reports are inseparable from professional journalists.
At present, some traditional journalists with solid journalism skills have begun to transform into network journalists, and the number of full-time network journalists has also begun to increase. Because the network reporter is a new type of reporter armed with digital technology, the network interview is an interview conducted by reporters in two completely different spaces, and the news materials obtained from the interview and the news written/produced from it are carried out and spread in the network space, which determines that the network news interview has similarities and unique personality compared with the traditional news interview. The characteristics of online news interview are as follows:
Multimedia nature of interview content
Network news interview takes multimedia news material as the interview object, and its interview material covers and integrates the contents of three traditional media news collections, including static text and picture interviews, as well as sound and dynamic video collection and video recording. It is an all-round multimedia news material collection activity. In this new interview mode, the clear division of labor of traditional journalists will gradually blur or even disappear, and every reporter is a writer, photographer and audio-visual reporter. At present, online journalists and online news interviews have begun to appear in many online media at home and abroad. For example, the online edition of the Chicago Tribune has seven journalists. These network reporters are all multimedia reporters. They write news, take photos, operate digital tape recorders and cameras, and make digital web pages. (2) In the process of reporting the handover ceremony in Macao, the online reporters of People's Daily first filmed the scene with digital cameras and video cameras, and then began to use software such as word processing system, image processing system and nonlinear editing system, and immediately devoted themselves to the production of video reports, sound reports and writing of text news. Judging from the traditional news interview, the reporters of the two networks at that time were multifunctional, not only writing written reports, but also recording, taking photos, photographing, post-editing, collecting text and pictures, and transmitting data online.
Interview tools are completely digital.
The interview tools used in online news interview are mainly digital computer network and a series of fully digital news interview and transmission tools that can communicate with this network. These digital tools mainly include hardware and software. The hardware mainly includes: notebook computer (wireless notebook computer has appeared now), digital tape recorder and camera equipment, digital camera, large-capacity portable storage equipment, modem, PC card phone and IP phone, and satellite phone (small satellite mobile station, weighing about 2kg) which can be connected with computer network. There are also WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and PPC (Pocket Personal Computer), which can be used to browse the web and send and receive emails. The software mainly includes: Windows98, Word/Excel, Photoshop, CuteFTP, IE, email, BBS, newsgroups, mailing lists, chat tools ICQ, WWW, online databases, search engines, Netmeeting, Telnet, etc. Using this powerful and complete digital network news interview tool, we can complete the news interview task quickly and with high quality. With the help of these tools, journalists can sometimes collect the required news materials without leaving home. At present, the digital interview equipment used by network reporters is constantly upgrading. For example, the interview equipment of American journalists includes a set of advanced interview equipment, including video camera, micro display worn on eyes, micro keyboard hung on arm, microphone, micro display hung around waist, digital image transmission equipment and battery. With this extremely portable device, you can not only collect general text and image news, but also complete the live broadcast independently.
The global scope and speed of the interview.
Because the network is global, the interview scope in the network also has global characteristics. For some news events that can't, shouldn't or can't be interviewed or investigated on the spot because of the long distance, journalists can conduct real-time national or global interviews in the office or at home through the Internet. For example, asynchronous text interviews are conducted through e-mail, newsgroups and mailing lists; Conduct oral interview through language email, VoIP, etc. ; Visual face-to-face interview through Netmeeting on the internet; Or conduct synchronous interviews through chat systems such as BBS. In addition, the interview in the network is a real-time quick interview. Sometimes, due to distance barriers and other reasons, the traditional interview takes days or months to complete or even cannot be completed, but it can be completed in seconds or minutes on the Internet. For example, Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiong Lei interviewed 10 scientists from the United States, Britain, Japan, Switzerland, Canada and other countries within one week. During the interview, some interviewees wrote back the same day. The report written in this interview was later published in the American magazine Science. It can be seen that the speed and scope of online interviews are beyond the reach of traditional news interviews.
News resources are abundant and easy to use.
Network, its database and CD-ROM are huge information resources for journalists to explore and use. There are a large number of documents on the Internet, and journalists and editors who master online retrieval actually have the largest mobile library in the world. Use some powerful search tools (such as search engines, etc. ), reporters can easily retrieve the background information of a certain subject in this digital library and quickly obtain the news resources they want; You can dig deeper into the data. ④ The annual survey of online media conducted by the Graduate School of Journalism of Columbia University and Middleberg Association of new york shows that among the 3,400 journalists surveyed, the proportion of using the Internet as a means to obtain news clues is second only to face-to-face interviews with newspaper reporters and telephone interviews with magazine reporters. ⑤ With the further development of network and the further enrichment of network news resources, network interview will gradually become popular in online newspapers and periodicals all over the world. A young reporter saw a message from the Beijing Evening News that some information about the Nanjing Massacre collected by German Bates was stored in the Theological Seminary of Yale University, so he found these materials through Yahoo and found a website dedicated to spreading the original texts of Bates' notes. The reporter contacted the website by email and got the information he needed the next day. No wonder some people think that in the information age, computers, internet and other resources are vital to news reporting, which can make reporters see farther, hear more clearly, think deeper and write faster.
The independence of journalists' choice of news materials and the uniqueness of their way of thinking
Internet is a brand-new open media. Anyone who goes online can post news, retrieve information and find news clues online, and generally no one can stop or control it. Thousands of databases, websites and newsgroups in the network provide journalists with rich news resources to choose from. With the help of WWW and its hypertext, hyperlink technology and database query technology (such as search engine, etc. ), reporters can quickly find news clues and independently find the required news background through layers of links and some specific words and symbols. With the rapid development of computer network and communication technology, as well as the improvement of network audience demand, although network reporters can complete the reporting task step by step only by relying on traditional interview experience and old interview and reporting mode, it is difficult to achieve excellent results in the fierce competitive news war when reporting important news, which requires network reporters to have a unique and innovative thinking mode that meets the needs of network communication. At present, the important sign of this innovation is that the present continuous tense is widely used in the interview and reporting of online dynamic news, which breaks through the limitation of deadline and the number of articles to be written. As long as all the news is successfully collected and written, it will be reported in real time and scrolled.
Unification of reporters' ability to interview business and use technology
Traditional news dissemination is generally separated from editing, that is, journalists usually go out or collect news materials from the internet and write news reports according to the intention of the editorial department; Mainly editing. They generally don't go out for interviews, but modify the contributions of journalists and people outside the society in the editorial department and assume the role of gatekeepers. With the further improvement of timeliness and presence of online news, journalists began to complete the process of news editing and publishing independently, and at this time journalists also served as editors. The integration of collecting, writing and editing has become a major feature of the practice of network news dissemination. Network is a technology-intensive medium. With the networking of news media in the whole process of news products from production to dissemination, journalists can't interview at the scene of news events or in the office or at home without the network multimedia computer and related software and hardware used in the interview process. The network era will not only create a new field of news communication industry, but also create a group of new compound journalists with both traditional news interview ability and network communication ability.
Although network news interview has strong and unique technical advantages, with the wide application of network news interview, some new problems have emerged. Because online news is carried out directly by relying on the network, when reporters communicate or talk with interviewees in front of indoor networked computers, they will lose the opportunity to see and hear the news scene. In the long run, it will lead to the weakening of interview functions such as vision and hearing, and affect the accuracy and vividness of news facts. Therefore, it is generally not appropriate to interview events directly on the Internet. Moreover, when reporters interview bulletin boards or other online groups, individuals or download certain information, sometimes there will be distortion or copyright disputes. In addition, the speed of computer software and hardware upgrade is getting faster and faster. To be proficient in network interview, journalists must devote more energy to be familiar with computers and master the constantly updated network technology. )
Precautions:
① Li Xiguang, editor-in-chief: Internet reporter, China Three Gorges Publishing House, 2000, p. 77.
② Harper, Christopher and Indiana Group 200 1. News 200 1, Corusewise Publishing Company, P228
③ Min Dahong: High-quality journalists are needed in the network age, China News Technology,No. 1No. 18.
④ Bu Wei: The Influence of Internet on Mass Media (I), International Press, No.3, 1998, p.5. ..
⑤ Li Xiguang, editor-in-chief: Network reporter, China Three Gorges Publishing House, 2000, p.10/page.
⑥ Bu Wei and Liu Xiaohong: Journalists' use of Internet websites: Reports on the use of computers and the Internet by journalists from People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency and China Daily, News Communication and Research, No.3, 1998.