Zhang Guan and Dai Li often confuse the three concepts of expression, rhetoric and expression. Although they all belong to expression skills, there are obvious differences:

1.

Expression, also known as expression method, is a language expression used by the author according to objective things and the need to express thoughts and feelings, which belongs to the overall language application form of the article.

There are five common expressions: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation (there is no such thing as "explanation" in poetry).

Narration: Describe the occurrence, development and change of characters experience or something. Generally, it is used to express narrative poems, such as Pipa Trip and Peacock Flying Southeast in high school textbooks, and there are also poetic quatrains, such as Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower": "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I finally climbed this building."

Description: A concrete description and depiction of people, events and environment in vivid language. For example, the description of Liu Lanzhi in Peacock Flying Southeast: "There is silk under your feet and tortoise shell shining on your head. If the waist is flowing, you will smell the bright moon. It means like cutting onion roots, with dani in your mouth. " Among them, line drawing is a common expression in poetry appreciation. Comment: Opinions expressed on the nature, right and wrong, value, characteristics and functions of people and things. For example, Qin Guan's "Queqiao Fairy" says: "If two feelings last for a long time, is it sooner or later?" Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling": "Since ancient times, I have been hurt and parted. How can I ignore it in the clear autumn?"

Lyric: express the author's strong subjective feelings such as love and hate, likes and dislikes, joys and sorrows. (Lyric, both direct and indirect. Indirect lyricism in poetry appreciation is generally manifested in borrowing scenery to express emotion, blending scenes, mourning scenes, expressing meaning with things and so on. , which is commonly referred to as expression skills)

Generally speaking, narrative texts mostly use narrative, description and lyric expressions, argumentative texts mostly use argumentation expressions, and explanatory texts mostly use explanation expressions.

Of course, the use of expression is not absolute, for example, a small amount of discussion or explanation can be used in narrative, and a small amount of narrative, description or explanation can also be used in argumentative. As for essays, travel notes, essays and other styles with finer classification, the expression is more flexible.

In short, the use of expression should be subject to the needs of style and theme.

2. Rhetoric

Any method or means to make sentences more vivid, expressive and artistic can be called rhetoric. Rhetoric is aimed at specific sentences.

There are many kinds of figures of speech with different contents. However, there are eight rhetorical devices (figures of speech) * * * that students are required to master in the syllabus of college entrance examination: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions.

Rhetorical devices in poetry include metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, rhetorical questions, truthfulness and arousal.

3. Expression skills

Means of expression can also be called means of expression (or skills of expression), and any means or method that can make the whole or part of the article have a distinct and strong impression and achieve the artistic effect of infecting readers can be regarded as means of expression. Mainly focus on making the article effective in whole or in part.

Common expression techniques are: Fu, comparison, xing, contrast, symbol, allusion, sketch, montage, expressing ambition with objects, expressing emotion with scenery, psychological depiction, combining Zhuang with harmony, associative imagination and so on.

4. Differences and connections

Expression and rhetoric:

Both expression and rhetoric can enhance the expressive effect of the article, but expression is used to enhance the expressive effect of the whole or part of the article, while rhetoric is used to enhance the expressive effect of sentences in the article, mainly focusing on the modification of sentences; Expression is to express an article from a macro perspective, while rhetoric is to express an article from a micro perspective.

The boundary between expression and rhetoric is not absolute.

For example, repetition is a rhetorical device, but if it is used at intervals, it will have a very obvious effect on the overall expression of the article and can also be regarded as a means of expression; Metaphor is a rhetorical device, and sometimes it can also be a means of expression. Wait a minute.

In short, in a specific language environment, when a rhetorical device produces an overall effect in an article and enhances the expressive force of the article, or a rhetorical device produces an overall expressive force after repeated use in the article, then this rhetorical device can also be regarded as an expressive device.

I hope it helps you.