Because the subject's question made me understand some knowledge. . Work as a porter
The original text of the shell,
/article/436704/
The copyright of the following content belongs to the shell network, which is only for learning and sharing.
The earliest "priming effect" study: the experiment of reading words to slow down people's pace
Like many famous psychological experiments, researchers will not tell the subjects the real purpose of the experiment. An undergraduate student of new york University rearranged a series of words into meaningful sentences, and then the researcher told him that the experiment was aimed at studying language ability. That was not the case. In fact, the real experiment didn't begin until the subjects left the house. A graduate student stayed in the corridor and hid the stopwatch in his coat. She pretended to be waiting for the meeting, but in fact she was a researcher. There is a silver tape in the corridor more than 30 feet away from the door of the testing room (almost 10 meter), and she needs to measure the time that the subject walked this distance. The whole experiment depends on that stopwatch.
The words that the experimenter asked the subjects to rearrange were not random, although it looked like this (this was confirmed in the interview with each subject after the experiment). They are a series of words like bingo, Florida, weaving, wrinkle, bitterness and loneliness. When you read this string of words, you can almost imagine an old hunchbacked man walking around the apartment, complaining about TV programs. The people in the control group rearranged the words that didn't remind people of specific words. When comparing the walking time between the two groups, the researchers found that, on the whole, the experimental group walked slower than the control group. The words on the paper make them act like old people.
This discovery is quite interesting. But the more you think about it, the more important it is. What if we are always influenced by such subtle and unnoticed hints? If "Florida" makes you slow, can the word "cheetah" make you fly? Let's not talk about walking speed for the time being Does the surrounding environment inadvertently make people more despicable, creative or stupid? We all like the idea that the steering wheel of life is in our own hands, but what if we just go with the flow?
John? Bucky, mark? Chen Tangshan and Lala? Burrows did this experiment in 1990 or 199 1, and then co-wrote a paper. This paper was not published until 1996. Why not publish such interesting results? First, they wanted to repeat the experiment, and they did. They also want to do similar experiments with different clues. The purpose of a similar experiment is to test whether subjects will become more hostile after seeing African-American faces. The subjects (none of them African-American) did have such a reaction. In another experiment, the experimenter first exposed the subjects to some rude words, and then observed whether they would interrupt others more easily. As a result, the subjects did become more interested in interrupting others.
It was not until other laboratories found similar phenomena that three people published this paper. They knew that their findings would be controversial. They know that many people will not believe this result. They are willing to be early birds, but they don't want to be the only ones who craned their necks to cut them.
The study was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology and has been cited more than 2,000 times since then. Although other researchers have done similar work at the same time or even earlier, it is this article that really opens the era of priming effect. Even before the publication of this paper, the three authors knew that this paper was likely to have a far-reaching impact. They wrote: "Many revelations from social psychology seem to be worth pondering."
Implication: This phenomenon is extremely important.
For Baki, 20 1 1 is a difficult year. The low point of his career should appear in June 5438+that year 10, when the public science library? An article was published in PLoS ONE, saying that Bucky's famous research results on slow pace cannot be repeated. This is not the first research result that cannot be repeated, but this time it hit a nerve. In the experiment, the researchers tried to imitate Baki's research method, but there was an important change: instead of using a stopwatch, they used an automatic timer and an infrared detector to eliminate all possible measurement deviations. The experimental results show that those suggestive words will not slow down the walking speed of the subjects. They did another experiment with a stopwatch, but with a slight change: they told the stopwatch timer which subjects might walk slower. This experiment repeats the results published by Bucky. The title of the paper explains everything: "Behavior priming effect: all brains, but whose brain is it?" (Behavior priming: It's all in the brain, but whose brain? )