Old people always feel poor breathing, dyspnea, suffocation, chest tightness, shortness of breath, sitting breathing, difficulty in expectoration and so on. What should I do?
1, diaphragm-abdominal breathing/breathing control (BC)
Causes: Patients with lung diseases have shallow and short respiratory surface, and there is no effective ventilation in the lungs, which is easy to cause respiratory muscle tension and increase oxygen consumption.
Function: Use diaphragm to do deep and slow breathing, and change the unreasonable shallow breathing mode in which auxiliary breathing muscles participate, thus increasing tidal volume, reducing invalid dead space, increasing alveolar ventilation, reducing respiratory power consumption and relieving shortness of breath symptoms.
Methods: You can practice lying posture, sitting posture and standing posture, with one hand on your chest and the other on your abdomen. Try to keep your chest still, press your abdomen slightly when you exhale, recover your abdomen as much as possible, and bulge your abdomen against the pressure of your hand when you inhale.
At the same time, pay attention to inhale deeply with your nose when inhaling, and exhale slowly with your contracted lips when exhaling. Expiratory time is longer than inspiratory time 1~2 times. Start training for 5 minutes each time, and gradually increase it to 10 ~ 15 minutes each time, 2~3 times a day.
2, flute breathing/lip breathing
Causes: the lungs and bronchi lose elasticity, the lumen collapses and blocks prematurely, alveolar gas stays, and the exhaled volume decreases.
Function: Breathe out slowly by shrinking lips, increase the amount of gas discharged from the lungs and reduce the residual volume in the lungs.
Methods: Breathe with closed lips: let the patient inhale through his nose, then close his lips and exhale slowly for 4~6 seconds like whistling. The degree of lip contraction during exhalation is regulated by the patient. The training time is 15~20min twice a day.
3. Chest expansion exercise
Cause: Defensive muscle contraction induced after operation leads to atelectasis, which leads to insufficient ventilation in some areas.
Function: it is beneficial to the expansion of lung tissue, promote chest movement, improve ventilation-perfusion relationship, relax and move excessive bronchial secretions, and train respiratory muscles.
Methods: The patient took a semi-recumbent position or a sitting position, pressurized the local chest wall, exhaled first, and then inhaled with pressure to expand the chest wall. After fully inhaling, the patient kept it for 3 seconds, relaxed the exhalation and adjusted the breathing.
4. Effective cough and expectoration training
Methods: The patient sat on the ground with his feet, leaned forward slightly, held a pillow with his hands, and took several deep and slow abdominal breaths, inhaling deeply and holding his breath.
Then shrink your lips (pout), exhale slowly, hold your breath for 3-5 seconds after taking a deep breath, lean forward, cough hard and short from your chest for 2-3 times, open your mouth to expectorate, contract your abdominal muscles when coughing, or press your abdomen with your hands to help cough.