Analysis on the Skills of Senior Lathe Technicians
With the development of industry, the technology related to industry is constantly improving, and the requirements for skilled workers are also constantly improving. Among them, lathe workers play an indispensable role in China's industry, and their skills are constantly improving. This study studies the technical skills of lathe workers and how to learn lathe skills well.
Lathe worker; skill
0. preface
As a professional skill, lathe technology is developing at an unprecedented speed. Learning lathe technology and training a new generation of lathe workers have become a very concerned issue. Mastering this skill is not only conducive to their own development, but also can promote the development of related technologies, which should be paid enough attention to.
1. Turning skills in turning technology
1. 1 tool alignment
There are many ways of tool alignment, among which Z direction and O direction are common. There is no difference between Z-direction tool setting and other conventional tool setting, and the tool tip and spindle center are adjusted at the same level; However, the tool alignment in the 0 direction is slightly different. When aligning the cutter, first adjust the distance from the tip of the cutter to the rotation center of the cutter shaft, which is approximately equal to the radius of the workpiece. Then, install a pair of tool rings on the chuck, the radius of the inner ring is equal to the radius of the workpiece, and the tool body is parallel to the guide rail of the middle slide plate. Slowly adjust the position of the middle skateboard. When the tool tip rotates and touches point A, it means that the rotation center of the tool body is on the center line of the spindle.
1.2 process
For lathe workers, in addition to tool alignment, it is also necessary to process instruments. When machining, use circular knife to process freely, and leave 2mm allowance for finishing with rotary cutter. The finishing tool turns the handle manually to realize the trajectory processing, and the tool feed is controlled by the bed saddle, and the one-time feed is 0.5 mm.
1.3 compensation of pouring cap mouth
In the actual manufacturing process of metal model, it is found that when the casting ball interrupts the opening of the pouring cap, it often destroys the sphere, making the sphere shrink by about 3mm in the opening direction of the pouring cap. Therefore, when the mold is rotated, the middle slide plate moves forward by 4mm, and the turning radius of the cutter is also increased by 4mm, so that the arc of the revolved body is close to the theoretical arc, which compensates the loss of the pouring cap, and the casting can meet the use requirements with a little polishing. Machining spherical surface with rotary cutter has simple operation, simple tool loading and unloading and cost saving; High accuracy; The machining range is wide, and inner spherical surfaces with different diameters can be machined by adjusting the length of the turning tool and the rotation center position of the turning tool. Only one set of tools is needed to process a full range of spherical models, and the tooling cost of this processing method is less than 30% of that of the template method.
2. How to learn lathe skills well
2. 1 preview before class is the foundation.
Any knowledge will not come out of thin air, and it takes some time to prepare. Learning lathe skills, in addition to the necessary rigorous attitude, but also have a studious heart. The preparation before class should be rigorous and sufficient, and a good practical class should be fully prepared. Successful preparation is the premise of good practice class, and it is also the first link of quality control in the whole teaching process.
2.2 Try to have a good first class.
Before students become professional and technical workers, their quality and ability are relatively low. Some people don't have any professional foundation at all, but most of them are junior high school students who have just graduated and have never been exposed to any lathe machines before. Therefore, lathe technology is a rather strange concept to them. For a novice who has just come into contact with lathe industry, it is particularly important to learn the first lesson well. In the process of learning, we should keep an enterprising heart, always remind ourselves when to do what work, strive to improve our professional skills, and improve our skills through continuous practice. In addition, in the process of learning, students should always pay attention to their own personal safety and the personal safety of others, and always put safety first. No matter what work you do, you must do it according to the rules of lathe work, and you must never be lazy. Only in this way can accidents be avoided. In addition, in the study, we should learn the safety operation rules of various machine tools and grinders, wear them as required, do a good job in workshop hygiene and create a comfortable learning environment.
2.3 Strengthen basic skills training.
As the saying goes? Practice makes perfect? If you want to become a skilled technical worker, you should not only study everyday, but also keep practicing and strengthen the training of basic skills. The basic skills of lathe workers mostly follow the training rules of lathes. Workpiece clamping, tool selection, grinding clamping? Are three indispensable parts. In the process of training lathes, especially beginners, the rotation speed of the lathe spindle should be within the specified range, which is beneficial to improve their learning ability and avoid being difficult to control at high speed and hitting the enthusiasm of learning. The clamping of workpieces is mainly used for the training and selection of clamping datum, as well as the alignment and calibration of the center position of workpieces. This part is relatively simple, easy to master and quick to use. In this link, we should learn to skillfully choose tools, speed up the clamping speed, and create qualified and comfortable turning tools. In the process of students' internship, they should ask the teacher for advice in time if they encounter problems that they can't solve. Never do what they think is right, it will be dangerous. It is necessary for the teacher to do it again after correcting his mistakes, because mistakes are made inadvertently. The reason for doing this is not only to see if he is doing it right, but also to master his own craft and create conditions for becoming a qualified skilled worker in the future. While practicing basic skills, we should also learn to distinguish what kind of tools can make what kind of machines, what kind of materials can make what kind of machines are more economical and have higher product quality.
2.4 Correct selection of training topics and strengthening of skills.
It's not bad to learn everything, but in this era of increasingly updated technology, it's really too difficult to learn everything well. Everything you know, everything you can say. The key is to choose training topics correctly and strengthen your professional skills. Pay attention when choosing your own training topics. You shouldn't aim too high. You should follow the principle of easy before difficult, step by step, start with a simple stage axis and gradually deepen the difficulty. No matter what the problem is, we should work in strict accordance with the subject drawings, carefully study the teaching content, determine the processing technology, and ensure the design requirements such as dimensional accuracy, form and position tolerance and surface roughness from the technology to ensure the processing qualification rate. At the same time, materials, tools, measuring tools and auxiliary tools needed for study should be prepared. When you encounter complicated workpiece processing, you should ask the teacher for advice if you don't know much, and ask the teacher to demonstrate if necessary. We should firmly remember the key points and difficulties that the teacher said, combine theory with practice, and supplement theory with practice to apply what we have learned.
2.5 efforts to adapt skills to the employment environment
It is a well-known problem that the current employment form is difficult. So while studying hard, we should always pay attention to the changes in the external employment situation. At present, as a qualified lathe worker, we should not only do our own job well, but also have a certain understanding of the market, know the market trend and study purposefully, so as to improve our personal skills and serve the society better.
2.6 summarize lathe work skills and experience in time.
The purpose of learning is to master skills. As a lathe worker, while mastering his own skills, it is more important to learn lessons, sum up experience, understand his own shortcomings, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and solve some unfamiliar and incomprehensible problems in time. You can ask the teacher to check whether your operation is standardized, summarize your work after dinner every day, strengthen the essentials on this basis, and speed up the consolidation and mastery of skills. For individual questions, please ask the teacher to demonstrate the essentials repeatedly, and strive to fully understand the standardized movements and operate skillfully according to the essentials. Pay enough attention to the assessment of teachers, and you can learn a lot from it.
3. The skills of lathe workers need good habits.
Safe and civilized production is the first lesson for students to enter production practice. To become a qualified skilled worker, we must establish the consciousness of safe and civilized production and form the habit of safe and civilized production. Adhering to safe and civilized production is the fundamental method to ensure the safety of production workers and prevent equipment accidents, and it is also a very important content of scientific management in factories. The specific requirement of safe and civilized production is the summary of practical experience and blood lessons in long-term production activities, which directly affects the personal safety of workers, the improvement of product quality and production efficiency, the service life of equipment, tools and fixtures and the normal play of the technical level of operators. Therefore, students should not only listen carefully, but also keep in mind the safety operation rules of various machine tools and grinders, the requirements for wearing work clothes in practice and civilized production norms, such as gloves for operating machine tools, protective glasses for high-speed cutting, working caps for girls and improved workshop hygiene. (Continued from page 27) (Continued from page 23) In addition, novices must wear labor protection articles when entering the practice field.
4. Conclusion
If you want to be a qualified lathe worker, you must do enough exercises to master the skills. Practice makes perfect. In the fierce employment situation of 2 1 century, you must study your professional skills hard. Only in this way can you lead a good life and serve the society better. [partial]
refer to
Zhang Deyi. Skills and experience of turning skill practice [J]. Science and technology innovation guide, 03, 2009.
[2] Li Jinping. On lathe work practice [J]. Occupation, 2009( 15).
Technical Papers of Lathe Senior Technicians (2) Lathe Skills Training
The teaching of lathe specialized courses emphasizes skill training and adopts integrated teaching method. The main purpose is to make the teaching work be completed smoothly and effectively and achieve the best effect in the least time. Practice has proved that this teaching method is not only efficient and low-cost, but also can complete teaching tasks and achieve teaching objectives within the specified time. Let teachers teach easily and students learn happily.
Abstract: The teaching of lathe major emphasizes skill training, so the comprehensive teaching method is adopted in order to make the teaching work smoothly and effectively and achieve the best effect in the least time. However, practice has proved that this teaching method is not only efficient, but also can complete the teaching task and achieve the teaching purpose within the specified time. Teachers' teaching is easy and students' learning is pleasant.
Keywords: lathe worker; Skills training; practical application
Keywords: lathe worker; Skills training; practical application
China Library's classification number: G424. 1 Document ID: A document number:1006-4311(2014) 32-0291-02.
The so-called integrated teaching of lathe and worker means that students are the main body of teaching and skill goals are the focus of students' learning. In theoretical teaching, we should make clear the teaching content, teaching links and progress, and combine theoretical teaching with skill training completely. According to the characteristics of students and courses, the classroom should be moved to the production site for integrated teaching. The main learning goal is to break the original disciplinary boundaries around the needs of skill training and completely combine theory with practice.
For lathe major, the book adopted by many schools now is lathe technology and skill training, which is an organic combination of lathe technology and lathe production practice. In the past, the main teaching methods were that specialized courses talked about theory and practical courses talked about practice, so they could not be well combined and taught together. As a result, students generally forget the content of theoretical courses in the process of training courses, and cannot effectively form a knowledge chain system of theory-training-theory feedback. Moreover, students have no perceptual knowledge of knowledge, so it is difficult to form a good teaching effect in theoretical courses. Students have a hard time learning and teachers have a hard time teaching. However, the current teaching is mainly reflected in the practice of theoretical teaching and classroom practice teaching. Only by choosing the integrated teaching method can we achieve the teaching purpose and complete the teaching task, which is in line with the characteristics of terminal education in secondary vocational schools.
(1) Integrated teaching does not emphasize that practice is more important than theory, but must impart necessary theoretical knowledge before practice. After teachers impart theory and skill knowledge through various teaching methods, they first demonstrate the operation, then let students master the methods taught by teachers, and then encourage students to think about new methods. Teachers observe and guide students to find problems in practice and discuss and solve them, stimulate students' interest in learning and consolidate their knowledge. Being a teacher is more than just teaching students how to do it. ② Students' interest in learning is the best way to achieve teaching effect. As a teacher, we should consider two aspects: one is how to let students learn, and the other is how students learn. At present, most students in higher vocational and technical schools have poor cultural foundation and are prone to fear difficulties. I don't like the theory class in the classroom, and I don't concentrate. Therefore, teaching in the training workshop will have the diversity and interest of learning, so that they can establish correct knowledge values and learning objectives, form good learning motivation and stimulate their learning interest. The use of intuitive teaching methods can increase students' practical ability and observation ability, thus stimulating students' greater interest in learning and mobilizing students' enthusiasm for learning, so that students will not lose their interest in learning because of certain difficulties. Students will also actively participate in activities, in which they should be guided and strictly required to better hone their learning will. In the practical operation, students should be correctly guided to combine theoretical knowledge, so as to enhance their interest in learning and self-confidence. Facts have proved that when students attend classes in the training workshop, the situation of students attending classes is 180 degrees. Some students will also record the knowledge points that they can't remember, and forget them in the process of practical operation before taking them out to guide practical operation. Another student wrote in the internship manual: There are new gains this week. Cutting knife? I thought this kind of tool was only used for cutting and grooving, but I didn't expect it to be used for chamfering and deburring. As long as the tool holder is turned 45 degrees, chamfering and deburring can be carried out after locking, which is very convenient and easy to use in occasions where chamfering and deburring with a 45-degree knife are inconvenient. This student not only learned the operation steps, but more importantly, through practice, he learned the truth of change and invariance in the practice of turning, learned skills from practice, and improved his understanding and rose to theory. (3) Through the teacher's explanation and demonstration, let the students operate and form their own skills. What is this process? Do what? . One of the three propositions of the famous educator Mr. Tao Xingzhi? Integration of teaching and learning? It is advocated that both teaching and learning should be centered on doing. Teaching while doing, and going to school while doing? And give it a new meaning, that is, to work hard. This is learning things in real life, thinking while doing things, and combining hands and brains. For the unity of theory and practice? . Teaching and learning? Do what? The thought center means that preaching, teaching and solving doubts should be carried out on the basis of integrating theory with practice. Confucius, a great educator in China, once said: Tell me and I will forget; Show it to me and I will remember it; Let me do it, and I will understand.
? Turner? The biggest feature is eye-brain-hand coordination. This coordination is not a simple combination of theory and practice, but a skill that can only be mastered through repeated practice. Specific to? Lathe-worker integration? This link is very important in teaching. Lathe operators should not only be able to do it, but also be agile. Let students learn from practice and practice from learning. We should pay attention to educating students to find problems in practice, try to solve problems by themselves, give full play to students' own learning potential, and let students achieve proficiency in practice and improve from application. For example, in actual operation, for some reasons, students can't break chips, so that iron chips are wrapped around the workpiece, which affects processing. At this time, the teacher will use the topic on the spot, which will make students think more about why and how to solve it, but not simply correct it. By analyzing the problems in practice, we can achieve the purpose of learning. A student wrote in the summary: In? Turner? What inspired me the most and impressed me the most in my study? Sharpen your knife? When sharpening the knife, I want to escape and give up, because I always wear it out again and again. Sharpen the knife, I really feel it? Sharpen your knife? Just like life, the road of life will not be smooth sailing, let alone smooth sailing. The road of life should be honed step by step.
? Teaching integration? It is a new teaching method with students as the main body, lively and targeted. It is mainly a teaching method in which theoretical knowledge revolves around skill training, which is beneficial to teachers? Teaching? And good for students? Study? ; In this way, students can easily master the knowledge taught by teachers, and teachers can better understand the specific situation of each student's mastery of skills and knowledge, which is convenient for timely and targeted counseling in the future and greatly improves the teaching quality and efficiency. And then what? Integration? Through the reasonable combination of theory and practice, this teaching mode highlights skill training and gives full play to students' main role. But? Integration? Teaching methods do not exclude other teaching methods. According to the needs of teaching, we can flexibly choose other teaching methods such as lecture and discussion, because the teaching process itself is a dynamic process, and there are various possible changes in teaching activities. Teachers must pay attention to adjust at any time according to the actual situation of the teaching process and use teaching methods flexibly.
Nowadays, there is a shortage of senior technicians, technicians and other professional technicians in China. As a professional technical teacher, we have the responsibility to create a teaching environment that students can learn, do and understand, and guide students to become the comprehensive talents needed by society.
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[1] Li. Exploration and Practice of Modular Teaching of NC Lathe Training [J]. Secondary Vocational Education, 2007(05).
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[3] Wang. Exploration and Practice of the Teaching Method of "Turning Technology and Skills Training" [J]. Occupation, 20 10(02).
[4] Sun, Sun Guixia. Discussion on teaching methods of lathe skill training [J]. Vocational and technical education, 2008 (32).