Budget accounting and enterprise accounting are important parts of domestic accounting system. Enterprise accounting mainly focuses on the circulation of accounting funds and the maximization of profits, which is applicable to all domestic enterprises; Budget accounting belongs to the financial institutions of governments at all levels and their administrative departments and institutions at all levels.

Taking currency as the main accounting unit, the operation of financial funds and its results are accounted, reflected and supervised, thus promoting the smooth completion of financial management in China's financial revenue and expenditure work. Accounting mainly takes currency as an important calculation range, based on vouchers, and uses advanced technologies and methods to conduct comprehensive, centralized, continuous and scientific accounting and supervision on the economic business of specific entities.

And regularly provide accounting data to relevant departments. The above concepts of accounting include budget and enterprise, from which it is not difficult to find that, in a sense, budget accounting and enterprise accounting belong to two branches of the same branch, with the same root and homology, but they are different.

In essence, they are the same in some goals and bases, basic premises, accounting methods, words and so on. The essential difference between them is the concept of "specific subject". If the subject is a unit that emphasizes interests, it is the category of enterprise accounting. If the subjects are non-profit institutions, administrative departments and financial institutions, they are in the category of budget accounting.

It is not difficult to find that the most fundamental difference between the two is the different subjects, and the different nature of the subjects has caused obvious differences in the financial treatment methods between the two. Domestic enterprise accounting divides financial elements into assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income, cost, profit and other elements.

The financial elements in budget accounting are only divided into capital, liabilities, net capital, income and expenditure. Even though the names of financial elements are similar, their basic meanings are obviously different, which will determine the difference between enterprise accounting and budget accounting in financial accounting.

The Financial Standards for Enterprises emphasizes that domestic enterprise accounting can only be based on accrual basis. However, budget accounting usually adopts cash basis, and only institutions with business operations and internal fund accounting can adopt accrual basis for financial accounting.