A 3500-word graduation thesis of the College of Primary Education "On the Cultivation of Good Music Learning Habits of Primary School Students"
Educator Ye Shengtao once made it clear:? What is education? In a word, it is necessary to form good study habits. ? The new curriculum standard emphasizes: What is the importance of teaching? Cultivate students' self-confidence and good study habits, and master the most basic learning methods. ? Therefore, it is an important task in teaching to cultivate pupils' good music learning habits. It is also of great significance to the improvement and long-term development of students' cultural quality.
Keywords music; Singing habits; Listening habits; Pupils; cultivate
A young music teacher complained to me: music lessons are difficult, but students are difficult to manage? . Carefully designed teaching activities are often destroyed by students: or when singing, individual students ignore the collective loud noise; Or beat the instrument at will regardless of the rhythm when playing; Or they are not interested in performing creative activities and ignore the arrangement of teachers; Or look around while listening to music and whisper.
Observing its classroom, it is not difficult to find that it is not what the teacher complains that affects the teaching efficiency and makes the teaching activities unable to be implemented smoothly. Students lack musical literacy? But the teacher is right in class? Little things? Turn a blind eye and fail to pay persistent attention to the cultivation of students' music learning habits, so that students never understand what kind of classroom routines should be established in music classes. So-called? Small things accomplish great things, and details determine success or failure? . To this end, I give some suggestions to teachers who are troubled by music organization teaching:
First, the cultivation of listening habits-let students concentrate on listening.
Listening is a bridge between students and music. It is not only the only way to appreciate music, but also the premise to express and create music. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop good listening habits and let students learn to listen.
1. Listen quietly and cultivate the habit of listening.
Every work is an expression of the author's inner feelings. Only by listening with your ears and feeling with your heart can you produce emotional sounds with your works and realize the dialogue between your hearts. However, when students appear in the classroom, they talk loudly when they listen to music for the first time, and even do other things without music, so they can't fully and deeply understand the music works.
For primary school students, their self-control ability is poor, and some junior students don't even know what state to listen to music. Without effective guidance, it is difficult for them to enter music works calmly and intently. Therefore, we should not only create a good music atmosphere in classroom teaching, but also stimulate students' listening interest; Provide high-quality audio resources for students and improve the efficiency of attending classes; We should also educate students to respect music, respect musicians and be a civilized audience from the very beginning. At the same time, be persuasive in every listening process. For example, according to the characteristics of music works, teachers may say before listening to music. Please close your eyes and don't make any noise. Listen to this music and see what pictures will appear in your mind. In the process of listening, teachers will infect students with their listening state, and when they find that some students are not focused enough, they will give them some hints through their own eyes and actions. Through the long term? Practice? We will be surprised to find that students unconsciously form better listening habits.
2. Listen attentively and improve your listening skills.
? Listen. It is not only the process of listening to music, but also the process of deeply perceiving, experiencing and understanding works. We often find that students seem to be absorbed in listening to music, but after listening, they can't say anything, let alone feel anything. Therefore, in the process of listening to music, it is not enough to keep a quiet surface listening state. We should not only give guidance on methods, but also cultivate students' listening ability.
If students want to concentrate on listening to music, teachers should guide students to turn their attention to music works. Starting from the music itself, carefully design questions that conform to students' psychological state and knowledge ability, so that students can listen with questions. For example, when appreciating "Flogging Horses to Carry Grain", the teacher asked the following questions: ① What is the musical artistic conception of the music? (2) Judge the structure of music, and pay attention to the mood and speed changes of each paragraph. A very important percussion instrument appeared in music. What role did it play? Under the guidance of these questions, students will concentrate on listening to music and have a deeper understanding of the works. By accumulating listening experience, students' listening level will gradually improve.
Second, the cultivation of singing habits-let students sing beautifully
Singing is an important means for students to learn music, cultivate their musical ability and improve their comprehensive quality, and it is also one of the main contents of music class. Many times, teachers just teach students to sing, but they don't teach students to sing good songs. The new curriculum emphasizes the teaching concept with aesthetics as the core, which should run through the whole teaching process, so students should also enjoy the pleasure of beauty in singing activities and be influenced by beauty.
1, sing softly and feel the beauty of the sound.
For many primary and middle school students, in order to express themselves and attract the attention of teachers, they often like to sing loudly to show their singing skills. Work hard? . After a class, many students' voices became hoarse, and the range of the songs shouted out was not uniform. Some songs are difficult to sing in high notes, and the songs they sing are not good at all.
Therefore, teachers must let students master the correct vocal methods, and we advocate singing softly with breath support in teaching. In view of the problems existing in students, such as shallow inhalation, lifting shoulders by inhalation, and being unable to keep breath, teachers can adopt some easy-to-understand methods to practice. If you yawn and smell the flowers, you can experience a deep breath; Practice breathing quickly and breathe quickly with the feeling of blowing out candles; Practice fast breathing and slow breathing with the feeling of blowing balloons; Use? Psst? The voice will spit out the breath evenly for a long time like silkworm spinning silk, and practice slow breathing and slow breathing. Have the right breath, and then use the whisper supported by breath to guide students to get it? Gently? . And pass? Gently? Compared with shouting, let the students feel it? Gently? Singing is more beautiful than shouting, you can sing high notes effortlessly, and the voices of the whole class can be well unified in this way. Students experience the beauty of pure tone like nature, and their self-confidence in singing will be greatly enhanced, which will play a good teaching effect.
2, class chorus, sing the beauty of harmony.
The new curriculum requires us to attach importance to and strengthen chorus teaching, and a considerable number of songs in the current music textbooks are chorus songs. But in many rural schools, students only know chorus, not chorus. Sometimes when singing a song together, several parts sing into one part; Some students, regardless of the unity of rhythm and voice, shouted loudly in an attempt to overwhelm another voice. Therefore, many of our music teachers are also afraid of chorus, avoiding it, or teaching only part of it in teaching.
Someone said? Without harmony, music art lacks the most magnificent colors. ? It is definitely not advisable to take an evasive attitude towards chorus. According to the actual situation of students, effective training methods should be adopted, such as designing simple choral etudes, or starting from rotation, from shallow to deep, so that students can feel the beautiful harmony tone of chorus first, experience the different auditory enjoyment brought by chorus, and establish their interest and confidence in chorus. Through patient training, students' team consciousness and ability of coordination and cooperation will be greatly strengthened.
3, full of sound and emotion, experience the beauty of emotion.
Music is the art of emotion. Singing without emotion is like a person without soul. Only by combining voice and emotion can singing reach the highest level of truth and touching. But when we hear students sing a lot of songs, they are all dry and nothing new.
Students should have emotions, and teachers should have emotions first. In teaching, teachers should first infect students with emotional, expressive and devoted singing. At the same time, we should fully tap the emotions expressed in the works, and create an atmosphere that is harmonious with the music situation through inspirational language and multimedia equipment, so that students can feel and experience the emotions expressed in the works, so as to bring their feelings into the sound and sing more beautiful songs with emotion and sound.
Third, the cultivation of performance habits-let students take the initiative to perform
Music curriculum standards emphasize the importance of students' music practice, and performance is a form of practical activities, and the performance in music class can be described as rich in content and diverse in forms. However, in the country music class, we often see that many students can't participate in the performances carefully designed by the teachers. Sometimes the classroom becomes a stage for individual students to show their love, and sometimes the teacher asks the students to perform on stage in an orderly way. Please don't move? Students cringe or simply ignore it. In order to change this situation, teachers should do some guidance in their usual teaching.
1, to guide students to actively participate.
Teachers should not criticize or reprimand students for being inactive in the performance, otherwise it will be counterproductive. There are many reasons why students are unwilling to perform on stage. Sometimes they are afraid that their performances will be laughed at by students. Sometimes I lack confidence in my performance; Some students are introverted and self-abased and don't like to show themselves in public. In view of these situations, teachers should actively create a democratic, equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students in their usual extracurricular activities in order to narrow the psychological distance between teachers and students. At the same time, we should be good at creating a relaxed, free and pleasant atmosphere in classroom teaching, creating performance scenes and stimulating students' desire to perform.
For some special students, we should also use our wisdom to arouse their enthusiasm. For example, for introverted students, we can arrange simple tasks for them to perform in public, improve their self-confidence, and let them participate in activities under the leadership of others in group cooperation. For students who are not generous enough and lack self-confidence, teachers can give students more encouragement with their own eyes and language. In short, we must face all the students in teaching, so that every child can experience the fun of music performance.
2. Guide students to evaluate objectively and fairly.
After the implementation of the new curriculum, teachers' evaluation concept has changed greatly. In the classroom, in addition to the teacher's evaluation of students, students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation are often used. But in some classes, students can only use them simply? Okay？ Or? Not so good? To evaluate, make evaluation a mere formality, and fail to achieve the function of mutual communication; Some laugh at students' out-of-tune singing or interesting self-made performances, which makes students very embarrassed; Others said that they performed well in group performances and blushed at each other, which led to invalid evaluation.
Cultivate students' evaluation habits. First of all, teachers should guide students to establish a correct evaluation concept, not only to see each other's shortcomings, but also to see each other's advantages; You should appreciate others as you appreciate yourself. At the same time, teachers should also tell students from which aspects to evaluate.
For example, in the class singing combination teaching, students perform in groups, and students strive to be judges, so the teacher guides the students to say: when the judges are objective and fair, they should not only set excellent and good grades, but also comment on the performances of each group to see what are the highlights of their singing, expressions, movements and creations, and give them some suggestions for improvement. ? Under the guidance of teachers, students' mutual comments are witty, which not only stimulates students' interest and initiative in learning, but also improves their ability to appreciate music.
Mr. Chen Heqin, an educator in China, said: If you have a good habit, you will benefit for life. If you have a bad habit, you will be tired of it all your life. ? For musicology, only when students have good study habits can our classroom be efficient, and students can get a good experience in music learning and form aesthetic perception, so as to improve their personality and realize the ultimate goal of our music education.
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