Western countries were able to impose an economic blockade on China, mainly because they controlled the major markets in the world at that time. Therefore, if they don't do business with you, they block you, not you block them. The only reason for blocking is that you don't want to continue to be a cow and a horse, but want to be a man.
Hong Kong's economy is generally regarded as the export window of the mainland economy. Many people have no vivid experience of the concept of "window". In fact, to put it another way is "toll station". Hong Kong's economy can be simply understood as "toll booth economy". For a long time, Hongkong has been the only toll station for Chinese mainland's foreign trade. Note that it is unique.
This is supported by historical facts.
After the opening of Shanghai port and before the blockade of 1949, the economic development of Hong Kong was far behind that of Shanghai. For example, the two places opened stock exchanges in the same year in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the development of Hong Kong is slow, and Shanghai has developed into the largest financial exchange in the Far East since the late Qing Dynasty. However, due to Japan's invasion of China and the subsequent "looting" by the National Government, a large number of Shanghai capital and population poured into Hong Kong. Especially during the war of liberation, out of fear of revolutionary forces and escape from high risks in unstable times, a large amount of capital fled Shanghai. According to incomplete statistics, from 1948 to the early 1950s, the wealth brought by immigrants from Shanghai (including the Yangtze River Delta) accounted for more than 1/2 of the total social wealth of Hong Kong at that time. Bao Yugang and Tung Chee-hwa are descendants of these Shanghai immigrants. When we watch the Hong Kong movie "Shanghai Beach", we can see that Hong Kong has a certain Shanghai plot because of the heavy color of the Shanghai index. It is the influx of capital and manpower from Shanghai that has changed the purely colonial structure of Hong Kong society, which is "foreigners are above, and China people have no cultural influence", and formed the China forces with certain discourse power, which provided the foundation for the activities of the red forces in Hong Kong.
During the Cold War, Chinese mainland was fully capable of attacking head-on and expelling American troops 700 miles away against the background that the strength of the regular armies of the two countries was at loggerheads. However, in the face of the comprehensive economic blockade and the economic foundation left by the Beiyang government, there was no improvement (with the efforts of the government "golden decade", China's steel output before the Anti-Japanese War dropped sharply to a fraction of that of the Beiyang period in the late Qing Dynasty, and a large amount of iron ore was controlled by Japan and became Japan's output; At the same time, the Northeast became a Japanese colony for a period of time-a lot of data in golden decade were formed after adding Japan's economic data in the Northeast, which could not be regarded as the anti-Japanese war force, but as the invasion force. From this point of view, if we give the government a few more years after "golden decade", then maybe there will be no frontal battlefield during the Anti-Japanese War, so we have to retreat and keep Hong Kong as the import and export window.
The United States actively cooperates with this policy of Chinese mainland. 1953, when the Korean War ended, the United States allowed imports of "Hong Kong products" and became the largest export market for "Hong Kong products". Note that it is "made in Hong Kong". For example, a large number of textiles. And the source of the product? In the development of Qingcheng in Jiangxi, raising ducks was the main economic model at first. Since the early 1970s, large-scale export of duck down to Hong Kong has been an important trade form of Qingcheng. In the 1990s, LUQIU LUWEI, a Shanghai woman who was well-known in Hong Kong and was famous for her anti-Mainland, did import and export trade with her divorced mother in Shenzhen as early as childhood, and then tried to go to Hong Kong.
At the same time, as early as 1950, Britain, which was shot by the People's Liberation Army in the 1949 Yangtze River Ziyingshi incident, was the first western country to establish diplomatic relations with China.
The decisions made by China, Britain and the United States directly affect the fate of Hong Kong, but Hong Kong has no right to participate in the decision-making process of these three matters. "Your destiny has nothing to do with you." This was the situation in Hong Kong at that time.
The special status of Hong Kong has also affected Shenzhen. Before the reform and opening-up, Shenzhen was only a small fishing village restricted by policies. After the establishment of the SAR, just as Hong Kong is Chinese mainland's window to the world, Shenzhen has also become the mainland's window to Hong Kong. So in a very short time, Shenzhen's economy has made rapid progress. Including Dongguan near Shenzhen, the textile industry has become an important industry.
China has 9.6 million square kilometers, and most of the 9.6 million square kilometers are exported through Shenzhen and Hong Kong. It's like Spring Festival travel rush Peak. If the ticket price fluctuates according to the market demand during Spring Festival travel rush, the station will definitely get huge profits. However, the China government suppressed the fares and did not make them market-oriented, so the railway has been crying out for losses. The loss is right. When the country makes money, it must find ways to lose money and let the people get tangible benefits.
Then Hong Kong ushered in the economic take-off in the 1960s and 1970s, known as arachis duranensis. Many well-known Hong Kong movie stars spent their childhood and adolescence in such a rapidly developing environment. Therefore, on the one hand, they are influenced by the idea of diligence and housekeeping, on the other hand, they also get better nutritional security. Many people can not only realize the complexity and darkness of society, but also form an enterprising mentality. This mentality is obviously different from that of the younger generation whose environment is relatively relaxed, but whose economy tends to be saturated and declining. A person may be able to get rid of the influence of society, but a generation can only conform to the statistical laws. The social environment obviously influenced a generation.
Second, changes in the surrounding political environment have greatly weakened the development foundation of Hong Kong.
Hong Kong's booming economy lasted for a long time, and it continued to develop when China's economy completed its basic accumulation in the 1990s and turned to blossom and bear fruit.
Until that day comes.
China established the basic position of reform and opening up as early as 1978, and carried out reform and opening up unremittingly in the following decades. However, China has carried out reform and opening up, while western countries have not. China has been excluded from the world market for a long time and has been greatly restricted. The China market had to change hands through a toll booth in Hongkong.
After China joined the WTO in, the world lifted the economic blockade against China, China's economy developed rapidly, and the export of commodities was no longer mainly confined to Hong Kong, which greatly reduced its import and export status. In this regard, Shenzhen, whose economic status is close to that of Hong Kong, keeps holding relevant meetings to find countermeasures, outlets and opportunities for transformation. But at the same time, Hong Kong is busy with internal disputes. In the later period, the fishing protection movement was launched to undermine the construction of the China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Area; Hong Kong independence movement will be launched in the future, which will undermine the economic exchanges between Hong Kong and the Mainland. This frequent financial deprivation has directly led to the difficulty of Hong Kong's transformation. LUQIU LUWEI, a Shanghai girl mentioned above, has repeatedly written articles denouncing mainland tourists' spending behavior in Hong Kong, claiming that mainland tourists' coming to Hong Kong has led to the decline of Hong Kong culture and made every effort to prevent mainlanders from coming to Hong Kong. What is the spirit of a Shanghai girl from the mainland who is trying her best for the independence of Hong Kong? The competitive relationship between Shanghai and Hong Kong ... With such efforts, on the one hand, Hong Kong's economy can't continue to enjoy the high dividend of toll booth economy, on the other hand, it can't transform and develop tourism, and the economy is naturally in trouble.
200 1 12, China joined the WTO. Since then, China's gross domestic product (GDP) has soared at the rate of trillions of dollars every year (it used to happen occasionally, but it can only grow by hundreds of billions every year, but after China's accession to the WTO, the initial growth rate was/kloc-0.5 trillion, and then the annual growth rate reached trillions). For this phenomenon, we can use a familiar thing to describe:
The toll station was cancelled, the expressway was free and no one blocked it.
Shanghai replaced Hong Kong in a short time. It is said that the throughput of Yangshan Port even exceeds that of the whole United States. Some netizens said that the hollowing out of American industry is far more serious than we thought. What is the hollowing out of American industry? Because there is less publicity, I am not familiar with it. There is a reason for this little publicity. China didn't publicize it very much, because as soon as China publicized it, some netizens cynically said that foreign countries were in trouble again. If the United States does not publicize, no netizens will cynically say that they will report good news instead of bad news. So the combination of these two factors is rarely publicized.
Shanghai established the Free Trade Zone in 20 13, but before that, China's foreign trade was no longer limited to Hongkong.
Earlier, Hong Kong was a toll station in South China, East China, Central China, North China, Southwest China, Northwest China and Northeast China. Now Hong Kong is mainly a toll station in South China and Central China. Without more than half of the mines, it is impossible for the economy not to decline. Just like Shandong, which is very lively this year, it is engaged in the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, which is sluggish. Geographically, Shandong terrain is embedded in the eastern hinterland of China and the Yellow Sea, and its economy mainly radiates the Central Plains, Huaibei, Northeast China, Hebei (Beijing and Tianjin), Japan and South Korea. But for a long time, it has been mainly concentrated in Northeast China, Hebei (Beijing and Tianjin), Japan and South Korea, so there has been a spectacle in which half of Shandong is developing and half of Shandong is idle. A glass fence, like an iron curtain, limits southern Shandong to areas closer to Jiangsu and Zhejiang. However, in recent years, the northeast economy has collapsed and declined, and its financial resources have been reduced by one third. Strangely, Shandong's economy has not declined. To this end, Shandong continues to strengthen the road construction between Jinan and Qingdao, and the infrastructure construction such as Jiqing high-speed railway has been strengthened again and again. It is expected to be completed within three years. Looking at Shandong's measures, it seems that it intends to further strengthen economic ties with Northeast China, Hebei, Japan and South Korea. The financial resources around Hong Kong have been greatly reduced, and the economy is bound to fall into recession.
This has led to the phenomenon that the overall economic scale of Chinese mainland has jumped one after another, while the economic growth of Hong Kong is weak.
Due to the slow transition and the weakening of the economic foundation, Hong Kong missed the opportunity period when the policy was more important and the economic development environment was good in the early days of reunification. In recent years, due to frequent global economic crises, especially after the American financial crisis in 2008, a series of financial crises were detonated, and world trade entered a weak period. This period lasted for ten years. According to the historical law of one crime after ten years, it seems that a new economic crisis will break out again. The global real economy is weak, which makes Hong Kong, as a toll station, in an awkward position. Although during this period, China has made great efforts to strengthen exports and boost the world economy, the worldwide crisis cannot be solved in a short time. But also directly leads to the increase of China's own pressure. In the past ten years, the domestic real estate boom has continued to rise, which has triggered the irony and ridicule of "real estate prospers the country, and the industry mistakes the country", which fully reflects the social dissatisfaction with the industrial recession. What is particularly serious is that the real estate industry is the infrastructure industry of all industries, and all industries need the support of geographical space, even e-commerce needs a certain area of working space. The high temperature of real estate directly increases the operating costs of other industries and intensifies the operating pressure under the economic crisis. During the development of real estate industry, a large amount of capital solidified into reinforced concrete, which can not be converted into production in a short time. Under the background of unstable financial situation, this actually aggravated the financing pressure of the industry. Of course, the real estate industry also has obvious benefits. The development of real estate is conducive to updating infrastructure and providing a good foundation for further economic development. Especially when the economic situation is more dangerous, the real estate industry as a buffer zone can wait for the opportunity to spend the dangerous period. After all, only by surviving can we talk about seizing opportunities.
Under the background that every economy attaches importance to survival, Hong Kong is still considering how to live as it pleases due to its own political factors, which is obviously out of touch with the times.
In the context of being out of touch with the times, Hong Kong missed the previous transformation opportunity. At present, under the general economic difficulties of all countries, it is more difficult to transform a free port attached to other economies.
There was a classic case a few years ago. During the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, land acquisition was needed, but the old lady in Hong Kong refused, which greatly hindered the project and finally increased the investment by more than 8 billion. Public opinion generally hypes "democracy" and "freedom". The old lady's reason is that she is in poor health. After the completion of the bridge, air pollution will be aggravated, which will be harmful to health. Therefore, she expressed her opposition and did not agree to land acquisition. I'm not sure why the old lady in Hong Kong refused the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, so I won't guess. In short, in the atmosphere of Hong Kong independence, the free port has become closed to the outside world.
A free port should be closed to the outside world!
Cheng Xin has been with us, but she is anonymous and didn't tell us her real name.
Now Hong Kong wants to transform, but it can't, and even a little doesn't want to transform.
20 13, Shanghai free trade zone opens.
20 13 The Belt and Road Initiative was put forward and started to be implemented.
Hong Kong's economy will definitely return to normal from its earlier abnormal prosperity. The repeated tossing by the British forces in Hong Kong has just separated this process from people's sight, making people focus on political issues and ignore economic pain. It can be said that in the process that Hong Kong is destined to change from the most important free port in East Asia to the most important free port in South China and even East Asia, the Hong Kong-British forces that hinder Hong Kong's transformation have taken the initiative to apply to become backpackers through continuous efforts.
The opposite is true.
In the opposite direction, the harder you work, the greater the loss.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Xun once said:
The potential is available and I am diligent and heavy; If you can't get it, it will be a heavy loss to be diligent.
This sentence directly explains the idiom "diametrically opposed":
In the wrong direction, the harder you work, the sadder you get.