So there is only one!
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The following is a personal profile!
Han Yu
brief introduction
Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a native of Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan), was a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he claimed to be County Wangchangli, and the world name was Han Changli (the word "County Wangwang" is a combination of "County Wangwang" and "Wangwang". "County" is an administrative division, "Wang" is an aristocratic family, and the combination of "County King" refers to the aristocratic family within a certain region and country. And Han Yu lives in Changli, so he is also called Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of prose" in Song Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was known as the first of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Fu's poems, calling it "Du Han Stone Pen", which is known as "great prose" and "a hundred generations of literati". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "being easily blamed" and "being out of control". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism. [3]
The life of the character
Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I didn't try it for the third time. After the age of twenty-five, he was the first scholar. After three unsuccessful attempts to learn Hongci, he went to Bianzhou Dongjin and Xuzhou Zhang Jianfeng as shogunate. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. After the age of 36, he was appointed as the imperial army. Because he wrote a letter about drought and hunger, please reduce taxes and downgrade Yangshan order. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. After 50, he first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, where he died at the age of 57. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
liu zongyuan
brief introduction
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), with a thick word, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Originally from Hedong (now Shandong)
liu zongyuan
Yuncheng, a western province, is known as Liu Hedong in the world and was born in Chang 'an. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar and was remonstrated by officials. Together with Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Song Dynasty, they are called "the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". He has more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements are greater than poems. Hedong Jie (now Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) was born in Chang 'an, the capital city in the eighth year of Daizong Dali (773), and died in Liuzhou in the fourteenth year of Xianzong Yuanhe (8 19). A generation of famous writers and thinkers, under 50 years old. Because he was from Hedong, he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so he was called or Liu Liuzhou.
The life of the character
During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji. Xiaoshitang is the most famous of Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Yongzhou.
Liu Zongyuan [5] left more than 600 poems in his life, most of which expressed depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, and were profound and gloomy, forming his own family. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left a great legacy to future generations.
His excellent works. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape travel notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature. Because of its artistic achievements, it has been told by people throughout the ages and is highly respected. Besides fable poems, Liu Zongyuan also wrote many fables, such as Donkey of Guizhou, Mouse of Yongmou, Elk of Linjiang, etc., which also became famous fables in ancient times. "The donkey is poor in skills" has become an idiom, and almost everyone knows it. Some fables are short in length, but they are told through the ages, just like his landscapes.
The most popular works are written after being demoted, and Yongzhou's works are better. Eight Notes on Yongzhou: Travel Notes on the First Banquet of Xishan, Guantan, Guantan Xishan, Xiaoshitang, Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Koishiyama. It is steep and clean, or clear and beautiful, and reproduces the beauty of nature with exquisite language. Eight Records of Yongzhou was written four years after Yuanhe. At that time, Liu Zongyuan was exiled to Yongzhou, which is now Yongzhou, Hunan Province, because of the failure of political reform. The articles are all some scenery near Yongzhou at that time. The article is short, light, concise and fluent, which has been praised by all previous dynasties. Among them, the story of Xiaoshitang is the most famous. Through his own pen, the author described a quiet and peaceful scenery in Xiaoshitang. The article is fascinating and endless. At first, Xiaoshitang was presented by hearing its sound first and then seeing its shape. Write a pool with fish, then the clarity of the pool water can be imagined; People who write about fish are happy beyond words. The author's image is vivid, subtle, economical and superb. At the end, it is written in a quiet and quiet environment, a sad feeling and a blend of scenes.
Ouyang Xiu
brief introduction
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yongshu, a drunkard, was also named Liu Yiju in his later years (Liu Yi has 10,000 books, Jinshi has 1000 books, a piano, a game of chess, a pot of wine and an alcoholic), and he was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng, Jiangxi), calling himself Luling and Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. When Yingzong was an official, he was a Tang Dynasty envoy and participated in the discussion of state affairs. The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish the backward, and Su Shi's brothers Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his house. Poetry and prose are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection.
The life of the character
Ouyang Xiu lost his father at an early age and studied under the care of his widowed mother. Injong Tiansheng eight years (1030) Jinshi. The following year, he was appointed as an official of Xijing (now Luoyang) and became a close friend of Mei He, exchanging poems with each other. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), the bachelor's college was called, Xuandelang was appointed, and the pavilion was filled for collation. In the third year of Jingyou, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Raozhou for criticizing the current politics in the previous chapter, and Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei) county magistrate. In the first year of Kangding (1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing, and was appointed as the proofreader of Guange, which was later called the suggestion court. In the third year of Li Qing (1043), Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others promoted the "Qingli New Deal", and Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and put forward the idea of reforming the official administration, military affairs and tribute law. In five years, Fan, Han and Fu were successively demoted, and Ouyang Xiu was also demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou (now Chuzhou, Anhui). Later, Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) were also known. In August, the first year of He Zhi (1054), he entered Beijing with a letter, and he was a fellow of Song Qi's New Tang Book. In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi examination as a bachelor of Hanlin, advocated plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and others. This has a great influence on the change of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Jiayou (1060), Ouyang Xiu paid homage to the parliament. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law. Ouyang xiu opposed the young crops law and did not implement it. In the third year of Xining (1070), except for the post of ambassador of Taibao South Hospital, he insisted on not accepting it and changed the prefecture to Cai Zhou (now runan county, Henan). This year, he changed his name to "Six-One Lay Man". In June of the fourth year of Xining (107 1), he resigned as Prince Shao Shi and lived in Yingzhou. A pawn is Wen Zhong. [6]
Su Xun
brief introduction
Su Xun (1May 22, 2009 to 65438+May 2 1, 0066) was born in Meishan, Sichuan. born
Su Xun
Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu died on April 25th, 2009 (1May 22nd, 2009) at the age of 58 in April Wushen (1May 20th, 066). At the age of 27, I became eager to learn. In my spare time, I have promoted Jinshi and different talents, all of which failed. I learned to burn my articles and study behind closed doors, so I learned the Six Classics and I wrote thousands of words in an instant. Between Jia You and him, he took his second son, Shi Hezhe, to Beijing. Ouyang Xiu published 22 books, such as Lun Heng and Quan Shu, which were circulated by scholars. Han Qi, the Prime Minister, plays in the court, except for the secretary and the provincial school bookkeeper. He and Yao Bi, the prefect of Xiangcheng, wrote the book The Book of Rites Since the Dragon, which is one hundred volumes of Taichang Yin Ge Rites. A book becomes a book, but it will die. There are only twenty volumes, and there are three volumes, all of which are biographies of the history of the Song Dynasty, which have been handed down to the world.
The life of the character
Su Xun's father Su Xu and mother Shi have two brothers, Su Lian and Su Huan. Su Xun had a hard time studying when he was young. He/Kloc-married Cheng at the age of 0/9 and made up his mind to study hard at the age of 27. After studying hard for more than ten years, he has made great progress in his studies.
In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), the second son tied the list in the exam and caused a sensation in Beijing.
In the third year of Jiayou (1058), Renzong called him to the Sheren Hospital to take the exam, but he refused to reply on the grounds of illness.
In the fifth year of Jiayou (1060), he was recommended by Han Qi as the secretary of the provincial school, and later became the master book of Wen 'an County in Bazhou. He also ordered Yao Bi, the county magistrate of Xiangcheng (now Henan) in Chen Zhou, to write a hundred volumes of dharma books for fellow initiates. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.
Su Shi
brief introduction
Su Shi (1037 ~111) was born in the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty), with the word Zi Zhan and the word He Zhong, with the name "Dongpo Jushi", posthumous title.
Su Shi
In the text. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has many creative talents, and has made unique and outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. The world is called Su Dongpo.
The life of the character
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the end of his term of office, in addition to his daily life, he moved to the Sheren of Zhongshu, moved to the Hanlin bachelor's office, and learned about the imperial edict and the tribute of the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You four years (1089), out of Hangzhou, then changed to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhezong went into politics and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Sansu" is three of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to his father Su Xun, the "Su Laoquan" who mentioned "Twenty-seven, just to get angry" at St Amethyst. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
Achievements and contributions
Su Shi's literary view comes down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". He believes that composition should be "like running water, with no definite quality at first, but always do what you should do and always stop where you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, rich body" ("Thank the teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is concise and smooth, and it is unrestrained. Shi Dehong's Postscript Dongpo (Left and Right Hands) Chi Ji said: "His prose is like water, and his waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, both called "Ou Su", are one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu, and enjoyed a high reputation among the writers at that time. There was a time when many people made friends with him or accepted his guidance. Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao and four poets in the Northern Song Dynasty were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him. Therefore, it is called Sumen Four Bachelor.
There are about 4,000 existing Su poems, which have a wide range of contents and diverse styles, but they are mainly bold and unconstrained, with changeable brushwork and romantic color, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Tiao's "The Original Poetry" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poetry has never existed in ancient and modern times, and everything in the world has been inspired by God." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It is a spectacular sight for a generation to take literature as poetry and go from Changli to Dongpo Yida. ..... Especially out of reach, born with a healthy pen, as cold as a sad pear, cut it together quickly. There is a hidden meaning that must be achieved, and there is no difficulty in showing it. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, not as good as Li and Du Chu. " His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. Niannujiao red cliff nostalgia, water tune song head ice dust Mid-Autumn Festival widely read. His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo and so on.
There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi, which break through the narrow theme of writing about love and parting between men and women and have a wide range of social contents. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of China Ci. He extended the spirit of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional style of Ci since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created an unconstrained Ci school that kept pace with the graceful school, expanded the theme of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, broke through the boundary between poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovative development of Ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng said in the preface to Xinjiaxuan: "Ci is broad and aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and made innovations under the influence of Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi. The end of the pen is ups and downs, naive. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong also learned from him in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in Valley Collection: "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first."
Su Shi draws ink and bamboo in his paintings, drawing lessons from the same style of writing (that is, writing is capable), which is more concise than writing and has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making strange stones. Mi Fei also said: "As a dead branch, bending is unreasonable; The stone is hard and strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in his chest. " It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and he wants to send them far away. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, we attach importance to the likeness of spirit, think that "paintings are similar in shape, and we can see our neighbors", advocate that there is affection outside paintings and sustenance in paintings, oppose similarity and procedural constraints, advocate that "poetry and painting are unified, ingenious and fresh", clearly put forward the concept of "literati painting", and highly value the artistic attainments of "painting in poetry and painting in poetry". It laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poems, Chibi Fu, Apprentice Papers, Several Poems in Sacrifice to the Yellow River, Qianchibi Fu and so on. The surviving paintings include "Ancient Wood and Strange Stones" and "Bamboo Stone Map"; Later discovered "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Roll" is also his work.
In Song Dynasty, Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy and painting. He is a rare literary genius in the history of China. Old party. An unrestrained poet.
Su Zhe
brief introduction
Su Zhe
Su Zhe (1039—112) was born in Meishan, Meizhou, Han nationality. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he joined the Jinshi branch with his younger brother Su Shi. God is the emperor of the dynasty and the official of the three divisions. He was promoted in Henan for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. When he was a philosopher, he was called the secretary of the provincial school. In the first year of Yuan You, you remonstrated. Zhong Cheng, Shangshu Youcheng, and his assistant minister learned about Ruzhou, demoted Yunzhou, moved to Leizhou and moved to Zhou Xun. Hui moved to Yongzhou and Yuezhou successively to become a Chinese medicine practitioner, and then moved to Xuzhou to be an official. Self-styled welcome legacy. A pawn, a stone man One of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, he is as famous as his father Xun and other disciples. [7]
The life of the character
Song Renzong Baoyuan was born on February 20th (1039 March 18), and he was both a scholar with Su Shi in the second year of Injong Jiayou (1057). Soon after, he returned to mourning because of the loss of his mother. After six years in Jiayou (106 1), he studied with Su Shi. At that time, he was not appointed as an official because of "begging for support" and has been an official in Daming House since then.
In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he entered Henan as an official. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), the old party came to power and was dismissed. He served as the secretary of the provincial school bookkeeper and the right bookkeeper, and was promoted to the position of Zhulang. He served as the official of Zhongshu Sheren and assistant minister of the household department, and settled in Yingchuan in the third year of Chongning (1 104), where he lived in seclusion, and died at112 (10). After his death, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Duanmingtang.
Wang Anshi
brief introduction
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086) was named Fu Jie. In his later years, he was famous in the Mid-Levels and Badger Lang. Wang, also known as Wang, was born in Linchuan (now Shangchi Village, dongxiang county, Jiangxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lenin praised him as "1 1 the greatest reformer in China in the century".
The life of the character
Originally from Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi), he was born in Linjiang Army (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi). The word Fu Jie, no, is Mid-Levels. Father Wang Yi, a scholar, worked in Jiangxi and Guangdong counties for a long time and died in jiangning house (Nanjing, Jiangsu). After the whole family moved, they couldn't stay long, so Jiangning became their second hometown. Yang traveled around with his father and learned a lot, as well as the people's feelings. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), he was promoted to Jinshi and served as the judge of Weinan East Road (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). In the seventh year of Li Qing (1047), he was transferred to Yinxian County (now southeast of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province), visited Dongxi Township 14, deployed water conservancy projects, and created Gumin loan (at the beginning of the Young Crop Law). He has a good political record and a unique view that financial management must be a "world of capital" (that is, relying on the development of production). Huang You was transferred to Zhou Shu (now Anhui Huaining) for three years (105 1). Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi, celebrities in the capital, heard his words and his politics, so they wrote letters of recommendation. They all refused to take the post of Hanlin Pavilion on the grounds that "the family is poor and there are many people". During this period, they only served as pastoral judges of Taichang Temple for one year, insisting on leaving Beijing as southeast local officials and "doing their best". The second year of Jiayou (1057) was well known in Changzhou. The following year, he was transferred to the prison of Tiaodian East Road (Raozhou, now Boyang, Jiangxi) and soon became the judge of the third division. Xiang Renzong's Quotations advocated that the reform of official administration should start from all aspects of cultivating and using talents, but also from financial management and military affairs, which was actually the early program or theoretical prototype of later reform. Renzong praised his literary talent, but he did not adopt the reform. Then on "Current Affairs" (also known as "Nothing in this century"; When it was put forward in the first year of Ning, JaeHee, Zongshen strongly urged timely reform. "There is a promising day, so don't rush to today; I'm afraid I have nothing to worry about today. " In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Injong died, and soon his mother returned to Jiangning to keep her post. Yingzong was in power for four years, and he couldn't leave home.
In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zongshen ascended the throne and was renamed Yuan Xining the following year. From Jiangning magistrate to Hanlin bachelor, he strongly advocated political reform under the call of Zongshen. In the second year of Xining (1069), in February, he became a government affairs consultant and made the third division of laws and regulations, preparing for political reform. At the same time, Lv Huiqing was appointed secretary of laws and regulations, examined detailed texts, and became administrative deputy Wang Anshi's political reform. In that year, the equal loss law, the young crop law and the farmland water conservancy law were promulgated. The following year, he was appointed as Prime Minister. Shintoism strikes and establishes three rules, and the rights belong to Zhongshu. Promulgate the Garbo Law and the Conscription Law (first tried out in Kaifeng). In the following three years, the tribute law, market exchange law, horse protection law, land equalization tax law and general placement law were gradually promulgated; The Exemption Law was implemented in Kaifeng the following year. In the seventh year of Xining (1074), there were Wen Yanbo and Sima Guang outside, and there were three Empresses (Injong Empress, Yingzong Empress and Zongshen Empress) who strongly opposed the new law. Xia Zheng put forward an alarmist map of refugees. Lv Huiqing and Ceng Bu, important figures in the new law, lost peace with each other. Zongshen stopped the new law and resigned six times in anger. Jiangning house is out of phase. In February of the following year, the second stage was resumed. In the end, due to the differences with Zongshen, the reform progressed difficultly. Less than a year later, he resigned again and sentenced jiangning house to retire to Jiangning Mid-Levels Park. Be named Jing Guogong. In his later years, he became a good Buddha and wrote Zi Shuo to amuse himself, but he still did not forget the reform. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Zongshen died. The following year, Zhezong changed to "Yuan You", the Empress Dowager listened to politics, Sima Guang was appointed as prime minister, and was dismissed successively. He died of illness in April 1920. History is "Wen", so history is called "Wang Wengong". There are Wang Wen's Official Documents Collection, Mr. Linchuan's Collection, Zhou Guan Xin Yi, Eleven Goushen and other masterpieces handed down from ancient times.
Ceng Gong
brief introduction
Ceng Gong (10 19 September 30-1083 April 30, Tianxi three years-Yuanfeng six years four years August 25.
Ceng Gong
February 11), Zizi Valley, known as "Mr. Nanfeng". Han nationality, from Nanfeng, Jianchang (now Jiangxi), lives in Linchuan (now west of Fuzhou, Jiangxi). Sun of Zeng Zhiyao, son of Zeng. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar. Politician and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and one of the "Seven Zeng in Nanfeng" (Ceng Gong, Zeng Zhao, Ceng Bu, Zeng Zhu, Zeng Xie and Zeng Dun).
The life of the character
Ceng Gong claimed to be a Confucian (The First Book of Ouyang Shixue by Ceng Gong). His grandfather was a doctor and his father was a doctor too often. Ceng Gong is very talented and has a good memory. When he was young, he read poetry books and could recite them. He and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together and showed great talent from an early age. According to historical records, Gong "can speak at the age of twelve, and his language is amazing". His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, he went to Beijing to take the exam, met Wang Anshi, who was in Beijing with his father, and became close friends. At the age of 20, he entered imperial academy and wrote Ouyang Xiu, presenting "Current Affairs Policy". Ouyang Xiu appreciates his unique style of writing. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are hundreds of people who have passed our door, and they are happy to live alone." ("Bachelor Ouyang Er Shu") has been famous all over the world since then, but it has been tried and tested because it is good at planning and is lighter than the current article. In the seventh year of Li Qing (1047), his father died. As the second son (with a brother on it), he had to drop out of school and return to his hometown to serve his stepmother wholeheartedly. When Ceng Gong was a teenager, he and Wang Anshi were close friends. After boarding Ouyang Xiu's door, he recommended Wang Anshi to Ouyang Xiu. It was not until the second year of Jiayou (1058) that Ouyang Xiu presided over the examination, insisting on giving priority to ancient prose and strategy, supplemented by poetry and prose, that Ceng Gong and his brothers Zeng Mou, Ceng Bu and cousin Zeng Fu became the first scholar.
In the fourth year of Jiayou (1059), he joined the army in Taipingfu (now dangtu county, Anhui Province) and was famous for his understanding of laws and regulations and appropriate sentencing. In the past five years, Ouyang Xiu recommended him to the capital for collating, recruiting talents, sorting out and collating a large number of ancient books, such as Warring States Policy, Shuoyuan, New Preface, Liang Shu, Tang Ling, Li Taibai Ji, Inclusive Poems, Biography of Women, etc., and made many books of past dynasties.
In the second year of Xining (1069), he was a proofreader of A Story of Song Yingzong, and was soon released to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) to serve his sentence. He has served in Xining for five years, and has successively served as well-known person, Xiangzhou, Hongzhou, Fuzhou, Mingzhou and Bozhou. Honest and honest, diligent in political affairs, concerned about people's livelihood. He implemented the new law according to Wang Anshi's purpose and actual situation. Committed to rehabilitating unjust imprisonment, maintaining social order, cracking down on strongmen, disaster relief and epidemic prevention, dredging river bridges, setting up post stations, restoring cities, setting up schools, cutting official documents, rectifying official management, and abolishing exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, it was well received by the masses.
For three years (1080), Yuan Feng was appointed as the Zhizhou of Cangzhou (now Hebei). When passing through Kaifeng, Song Shenzong summoned him. Song Shenzong appreciated his suggestion that "saving is the key to financial management" and stayed in a tertiary hospital. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, the court thought that "Ceng Gong should be a scholar in compiling the history of the Five Dynasties", appointed him as a historian, edited the courtyard, and sentenced the Taichang Hall as a ritual. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. In September of the same year, he was mourned by his mother and went to the official. The following year, he died in jiangning house (now Nanjing). Buried in the right of Nanfengyuan Chongjue Temple. The Southern Song Dynasty was called "Wen Ding" and "Mr. Nanfeng".
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Excerpt from the encyclopedia!
Hope to adopt! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !