The original beer in ancient China may have a history of 4000 to 5000 years, but the beer consumed in the market came in with the guns of imperialism at the end of 19. The earliest brewery established in China was the Urubi levski Brewery established by Russians in Harbin Eight Princes. In the following five years, Russia, Germany and Czech Republic established three other breweries in Harbin. 1903, Yingde merchants set up Yingde Beer Co., Ltd. in Qingdao with a production capacity of 2,000 tons, which is the predecessor of Qingdao Brewery. 1904, a Chinese-run brewery appeared in Harbin-breweries in three northeastern provinces; 19 14, Wuzhou Beer Soda Factory was built in Harbin. In the same year, Beijing established Shuanghesheng Brewery; Wuyang Winery (the predecessor of Guangzhou Winery) appeared in Guangzhou from 65438 to 0935. From 65438 to 0958, China invested and built a number of new breweries with a scale of about 2,000 tons in big cities such as Tianjin, Hangzhou, Han, Chongqing, Xi, Lanzhou and Kunming, and became a group of key enterprises in the development of beer industry in China. By 1979, the total number of breweries in China reached more than 90, and the beer output reached 373,000 tons, which was more than 50 times higher than that before the founding of the People's Republic of China. The real development of our beer industry occurred in the last decade of 1979, and the beer industry in China continued to grow at a high speed of more than 30% every year. In 1980s, China's breweries mushroomed all over the country. By 1988, there were 8 13 breweries in Chinese mainland, with a total output of 6.564 million tons, second only to the United States and Germany (1993 was the second). In just ten years, China's beer production enterprises have increased by 9 times, and the output has increased by 17.6 times, thus China has become a veritable beer country. There are 9000 kinds of beer. According to the latest national standards in China, beer is made from barley malt (including special malt) and hops by yeast fermentation, which contains carbon dioxide and bubbles and has a low alcohol content (2.5 ~ 7.5%).

Nine Bowls —— China Ancient Beer

Beer is made from germinated grains through grinding, saccharification and fermentation. According to the current national product standards, beer is defined as: "Beer is a low-alcohol beverage with malt as the main raw material, fermented by hops and yeast, and containing carbon dioxide gas and bubbles." In ancient China, there was an alcoholic beverage similar to beer, which was called "Li" by the ancients. After the Han Dynasty, Yi was eliminated by yellow rice wine brewed by distiller's yeast. At the end of Qing Dynasty, foreign beer production technology was introduced into China. Since the founding of New China, especially since 1980s, the beer industry has developed by leaps and bounds, and now China has become the second largest beer producer in the world. Like ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egyptians, the ancient grains in China were also brewed with rice buds, which is called tillering method. There are records of wine brewing in Huangdi Neijing, and there are also records of different kinds of rice buds brewing wine in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. There is a word "Yiqi" in Li Zhou Tian Guan Jiu Zheng. In ancient times, Yiqi and beer should belong to the same kind of drinks with low alcohol content. Due to the changes of the times, the fermented grains brewed with rice buds disappeared, but the taste was similar to that of fermented grains, while the sweet wine brewed with distiller's yeast remained. In ancient times, people also called it Li. Therefore, it is generally believed that there has been no beer in China since ancient times. However, according to ancient data, China has mastered the method of making tillers and the method of making maltose from tillers. There are both wine and fermented grains in our country, and later fermented grains were replaced by wine.

Huaxia first beer

The earliest brewery established in China was 1900, the Urlub levski Brewery opened by Russians (Chronicle of Harbin History). Breweries in the late Qing Dynasty were basically controlled by foreigners. It was not until 19 15 that the Shuanghesheng Brewery of China Minsheng Investment and Guangdong Wuyang Brewery were established in Beijing. Before 1949, there were only seven or eight breweries in China, most of which were controlled by foreigners. Hops and malt are mainly imported from abroad, while beer is mainly sold to foreign businessmen and troops in China and some "upper class" people. Ordinary people hardly enjoy it. From 65438 to 0940, the national beer output reached 40,000 tons, most of which were used by the Japanese invaders. By 1949, the annual output of beer in China only reached 7000 tons. At present, it is less than the annual output of a small brewery.

Since the founding of New China, the development of beer industry has gone through four stages.

The first stage: 1953- 1962 is the adjustment and development stage of the beer industry, and a number of new breweries have been built, with an average annual growth rate of 38.2%. From 1963 to 1972, although the speed slowed down, the beer output still increased by 1.4 times. By 1978, the annual output of beer in China will reach 400,000 tons. At this stage, the work of beer research, education and personnel training laid the foundation for the future development of beer industry.

The second stage: after 1979, beer production developed in an all-round way. Except Tibet, all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have established breweries. In addition to the light industry system, other ministries, such as commerce, agriculture, machinery, national defense and metallurgy, have established breweries. Some breweries are getting bigger and bigger. For example, in 1980, China produced 688,000 tons of beer.

The third stage: At this stage, the beer industry in China has developed at a high speed, which is manifested by the mushrooming of new and expanded breweries and the gradual expansion of beer production scale. In some provinces, almost every county and city has a brewery. According to the statistics of 1987, there are 104 breweries in Zhejiang province. Due to the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the introduction of technology, equipment and talents from abroad has accelerated the development of the beer industry, such as the introduction of beer production lines from abroad, especially beer filling lines. The time to double the output has been shortened. For example, in 1982, the national beer output was 1 17000 tons, and by 1985, the beer output reached 3 10400 tons. From 65438 to 0988, the output of beer doubled again, reaching 6.54 million tons.

The fourth stage: It can be said that the beer industry in China has entered a mature stage of vigorous development. On the one hand, the beer industry continues to develop at a high speed. At the same time, it began to pay more attention to the quality of beer and the economic benefits of the beer industry. According to international practice, the scale of beer industry has begun to develop towards large-scale and collectivization. Some small and medium-sized breweries were merged by large breweries.