1, indicative summary

The writing of this paper mainly introduces the object, purpose, methods and main conclusions of the research and investigation, but does not give specific results. Indicative abstracts are suitable for documents with many topics and complicated contents.

2. Guidance summary

Explain and summarize the contents of the paper and improve the condensed essay. Guiding abstracts are suitable for academic papers with unified themes, and are generally used for papers published in academic journals.

3. Report-indicative summary

The combination of reportable summary and indicative summary not only reports the most valuable information in the paper, but also summarizes the research results of the paper, which is concise and to the point and dominates the whole article. Most papers published in academic journals adopt this abstract form.