In our daily study and work life, we always have to touch or use papers. The thesis is a rational article that studies various academic fields and describes the achievements of academic research. So how to write a general paper? The following are the microeconomic papers I compiled for you, for reference only. Let's have a look.

Microeconomics Paper 1 Abstract: In order to help students accumulate business management experience and promote the improvement of microeconomics teaching methods, according to the basic principle that Marx's rational knowledge depends on perceptual knowledge, this paper explores the application of enterprise sand table simulation in microeconomics teaching.

Keywords: microeconomics; Producer behavior theory; enterprise

The teaching of sand table simulation microeconomics mainly introduces the local equilibrium theory of product market. The partial equilibrium theory consists of three theories: equilibrium price theory, consumer behavior theory and producer behavior theory. Among the three components of partial equilibrium theory, the equilibrium price theory and consumer behavior theory describe the situations that students often encounter in their lives, while the producer behavior theory describes the behavior of manufacturers, which is almost incomprehensible to students and leads to learning difficulties. Therefore, the teaching of microeconomics needs to pay attention to students' perceptual knowledge of manufacturers' behavior. The enterprise sand table simulation course can effectively solve this problem.

A brief introduction to enterprise sand table simulation

UFIDA ERP sand table divides students into 4 ~ 6 groups, each group runs an enterprise with the same configuration and faces the same choice at first. Including: the choice of advertising investment, the choice of production line, the choice of raw material procurement and so on. All enterprises need to fully consider their own costs and benefits, as well as the impact of other enterprises' development strategies on their own enterprises, formulate their own development strategies, and strive to stand out from the competition.

Second, the application of enterprise sand table simulation in microeconomics teaching

(A reasonable arrangement of microeconomics courses through theory and experiments.

The teaching hours of microeconomics in colleges and universities are basically 48 hours, and they are all theoretical teaching. This teaching mode can't introduce enterprise sand table simulation into microeconomics teaching. Therefore, according to the simulation operation of enterprise sand table, the ideal teaching time is 16 hours, so it is necessary to divide 48 hours of microeconomics into 32 hours of theory and 16 hours of experiment.

(B) adjust the rules of enterprise sand table simulation to adapt to the teaching content of microeconomics

In the theory of producer behavior, the principle of manufacturer's behavior is to maximize profits. When teachers apply enterprise sand table simulation in microeconomics teaching, they must adjust the rules of enterprise sand table simulation to adapt to the teaching content of microeconomics. For example, in a perfectly competitive market, suppose there are many manufacturers, and the output of a single manufacturer only accounts for a small part of the total supply, which has no effect on the price. The means to maximize the profit of manufacturers is to control the output according to the principle that the marginal cost is equal to the marginal income. The premise of producer theory is that the output of manufacturers is less than the demand. In enterprise simulation training, there are four kinds of production lines: manual line, semi-automatic line, automatic line and flexible line. The number of products in each production line is different throughout the year. In order to ensure that the total supply is less than the demand, it is necessary to limit the production of enterprises and adjust the production line. When using enterprise sand table to simulate micro-economy in teaching, in order to make enterprise sand table simulation conform to the actual situation of micro-economy, the simulation rules should be adjusted appropriately to better realize the teaching content.

(C) refining the microeconomic theory contained in the sand table simulation of enterprises

Economic man hypothesis. UFIDA ERP sand table divides students into six groups, and each group runs an enterprise. After six years' operation, the winner is judged by profit, which embodies the goal of maximizing the profit of manufacturers. The goal of profit maximization is the expression of the basic hypothesis of microeconomics-the hypothesis of economic man. 2. The total variable cost does not become a cost. UFIDA ERP sand table concretizes the costs in enterprises, mainly including raw material costs, production costs, management costs, advertising costs and equipment maintenance costs. Teachers can classify these specific costs and form the costs in microeconomics, so that students can have an intuitive understanding. In the experiment, raw material cost and production cost increase with the increase of output, which belongs to variable cost. In the first year, because only P 1 products can be produced by hand lines, the raw material cost and production cost are both equal to 1Mq, where q stands for output. The formula of variable cost is: TVC=2q. And equipment maintenance fees, equipment depreciation, etc. They don't change with the output, so they don't become costs. 3. Explicit cost and implicit cost. The obvious cost of enterprise production refers to the actual expenditure of manufacturers to buy or rent production factors owned by others in the market; The hidden cost of enterprise production refers to the total price of those production factors owned by manufacturers and used in the production process of their own enterprises. 4. Stop business. As shown in the following table, in the first year, in the case of zero advertising expenses, except for orders with a quantity of 7, everything else was at a loss. Should we continue production? This involves the concept of stopping point. The criteria for judging whether to suspend business are income and variable cost. If the income is greater than the variable cost, production should continue. As shown in the table, the total revenue per order is greater than the variable cost, so production should continue. In a word, it is an advanced teaching method to introduce enterprise sand table simulation into microeconomics teaching, which can help students understand enterprises and related problems in their operation, cultivate their practical ability and cultivate applied talents.

References:

Zhao Furong, Wu Hongying. Measures to improve the teaching effect of ERP sand table simulation training course in colleges and universities [J]. China Market, 2015 (33):132-133.

[2] Zhang Lingling. Exploration of ERP Sand Table Simulation Practice Teaching Based on Public Elective Courses [J]. Journal of Higher Education, 20 16(22): 140.

Microeconomics Paper 2 Usually, the founder of microeconomics is considered to be Adam Smith. Since then, microeconomics has made great progress. By 1930s, the microeconomics system had been established, but this did not mean that microeconomics reached the peak predicted by Marshall. After the Second World War, microeconomics has made a greater breakthrough, among which the outstanding representative is the achievement of the Nobel Prize winner in economics. Starting from the theory of micro-audience economics, the Nobel Prize in Economics challenged the assumption of complete rationality in management economics, made a theoretical breakthrough in public economics, opened up an empirical study in regulatory economics, revised and supplemented the theory in labor economics, and deepened welfare economics. The Nobel Prize in Economics started at 1969 and has a history of 47 years. Analyzing the research field of microeconomics, we can see from the theoretical achievements of the Nobel Prize in Economics that the microeconomic theory has made progress, the research field has changed, the research methods have been applied, and the development trend is more comprehensive, diverse and cross.

First of all, the application of microeconomic research methods is seen from the Nobel Prize in Economics.

The research methods of microeconomics in the Nobel Prize in Economics are mainly applied and innovated in four aspects. The first is the application of general equilibrium theory. As an important innovation of mathematical economics, it studies the stability, effectiveness and existence of the overall equilibrium of the economic system from the perspective of axiomatization, and is regarded as the mainstream economics in the West. Its basic methods are widely used in both micro and macro economics. Samuelson put forward the general equilibrium system, making it a universal method to deal with various economic problems in a unified way. On this basis, Hicks improved it, established the dynamic general equilibrium theory, introduced the scale compensation factor, and combined the capital and investment theory. The second is the application of game theory and information economics. John Forbes Nash proved the existence of equilibrium point through the fixed point theorem, which laid the foundation for the popularization of game theory. Hasani opened up the field of incomplete information game and developed a dynamic game model with incomplete information. Vickery and Morris initiated the theoretical study of economic incentives under asymmetric information, which became the cornerstone of modern western economics. The third is the application of the theory of optimal allocation of resources. Usually, the completion of resource allocation depends on the adjustment of price system. Kantorovich first proposed the solution multiplier method, introduced the linear programming method into the optimal allocation of resources, and developed the qualitative research to the realistic econometric stage. Heckman and mcfadden founded the theory of micro-econometrics, which combines statistical methods with economic theory and is widely used in the statistical analysis of individuals, families and enterprises, making economic information more profound in reflecting social essence. The fourth is the application of behavioral economics and experimental economics. The new creation in this field of economic research depends on the research of Kahneman and Smith. Their research provides a solution to overcome the basic methodological difficulties of mainstream western economic analysis methods, puts forward the conditions for the expected value theory to follow, makes up for the defects of positive economics's method, and promotes the modern development of economic theory.

Second, look at the development trend of modern microeconomics from the Nobel Prize in Economics

(A) the explanatory power of economics has been continuously enhanced due to the relaxation and expansion of economics.

Most economic theories are based on a series of assumptions and hypotheses, and assumptions are an unrealistic abstract understanding based on the real world. Judging from the theories of Nobel laureates in economics over the years, the research of microeconomics mainly approaches the real world through the two main lines of theoretical degree and information certainty, combined with relaxed assumptions, thus having stronger explanatory power. Since 1950s, people have gradually realized that the completely rational decision-making theory based on the "economic man" hypothesis is difficult to effectively guide decision-making, and most of the important theoretical contributions of the Nobel Prize in Economics are based on the gradually relaxed rational hypothesis, which is replaced by more complex human nature hypothesis. In addition, from the analysis of the Nobel Prize in Economics, economists gradually gave up the assumption of complete information and turned to study the problem of incomplete information and the human choice behavior under it, which will make the research and development of game theory and information economics have more room and make it a branch of economics with stronger solving ability in the real world. Information economics focuses on the analysis and research of human nature assumption and decision-making constraints of the external environment, quantifies the uncertainty, and gives the methodological basis on the model construction of incentive theory, property right theory and contract theory. Uncertain information has changed the theoretical premise of neoclassicism and created a new theoretical space of economics. After abandoning the assumption that the transaction cost is zero, the transaction cost theory has been more widely used and has more powerful tools to examine the real world more accurately. From this perspective, the development path of microeconomics is to constantly abandon the old assumptions of non-realism and make the assumptions closer to the growth process of the real world.

The research methods and fields of economics are more comprehensive, diverse and cross-cutting.

Judging from the trend of Nobel Prize in Economics in recent years, the prize-winning theory in microeconomics tends to be mathematical and physical, and the analysis method presents the characteristics of comprehensiveness and diversification. The application of mathematics in economics is mainly manifested in: combining mathematics with economic theory, creating mathematical economics; Mathematics and statistics are combined with economic data, and quantitative analysis is carried out by computer. The research scope of the Nobel Prize in Economics is getting wider and wider, which promotes the diversification of the research methods and scope of economics. The trend of diversification makes economic science gradually independent and establish a unified position, and gradually realizes the diversified development to population economics, management economics, legal economics, labor economics and experimental economics. It makes the diversity, comprehensiveness, intersection and frontier characteristics of microeconomics research more obvious.

Conclusion:

Looking at the development of modern microeconomics from the Nobel Prize in Economics, we can understand and master the economic behavior of a single socio-economic unit to a greater extent through the mature theoretical system knowledge of predecessors, and have a more thorough understanding of the development trends such as diversified assumptions and non-economic research fields, so that the subject knowledge can be better transformed into the driving force for social productivity and social wealth creation.

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