Not only the unification of China, but also the connection and construction of the Great Wall of Wan Li.
It is a great achievement of Qin Shihuang to "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone".
Qin Shihuang's achievements mainly include:
1: The first unified feudal dynasty in the history of China was established, which was mainly manifested in his unification of the six countries. At the end of the Warring States period, the trend from vassal regime to national unity became increasingly obvious. At that time, Qin was the strongest and had the conditions to unify the six eastern countries. When the King of Qin ascended the throne, the state power was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei and eunuch Vivi. In 238 BC, he was in charge of state affairs. Liao Wei, Reese and others were ordered to deploy strategies and tactics to unify the whole country. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, six countries, namely, Korea, Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Qi, perished one after another, and finally the first unified, multi-ethnic and autocratic centralized state in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty, was established.
Qin Shihuang established the feudal autocratic monarchy system, which lasted until the end of Qing Dynasty. (1) In order to show off his achievements in unifying the world, he established supreme authority, established the title of "Emperor", called himself the first emperor, and announced that future generations would be called II, III and even forever, and passed down from generation to generation. (2) Subsequently, he abolished the enfeoffment system nationwide. (3) Under the direct control of the emperor, a whole set of bureaucracy was established from the central government to the counties; (4) On the basis of the original laws of Qin State, absorb some provisions of the laws of the six countries, and formulate and promulgate unified laws. All laws and regulations should be checked regularly with the imperial history, and confusion and tampering are not allowed. In order to develop national land and water transportation, destroy the wall of the old East Country, build the Chidao from Xianyang to Yanqi and Wu Chu, and Xianyang to Yunyang (now northwest of Chunhua, Shaanxi) to Jiuyuan (. Wuchi Road was built in the southwest, and a canal connecting Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River was dug.
He carried out a series of measures to consolidate the unified and centralized country in economic and cultural thought, which further consolidated the situation of unified. (1) Economically, we vigorously promoted the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, and fostered the development of private ownership of feudal land. In the thirty-first year of the first emperor (2 16), it was ordered that "the land should be restored to its original state", that is, landlords and yeomen who occupied the land only had to declare to the government. Its land ownership is recognized and protected by the government. (2) Unifying the national weights and measures system based on the weights and measures formulated by Shang Yang, abolishing the currencies of various countries in the Warring States period and unifying the national monetary system. (3) Culturally and ideologically, seal script was formulated on the basis of the common characters of Qin State, and as a standard character, it was promulgated throughout the country. And using the theory of five virtues of Yin and Yang in the Warring States period, it created a theological basis for the autocratic rule of the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, it is stipulated that clothes, banners and flags are all black, and the symbols, crowns and riding systems are six. Water dominates yin, and yin represents punishment and killing, so on this basis, the implementation of this cruel law of heavy punishment is aggravated. (4) In the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, at the suggestion of Prime Minister Li Si, he ordered the destruction of poems, books and hundreds of languages collected by the people, and prohibited private learning.
Qin Shihuang took a series of measures to maintain the unity and stability of the national territory. (1) After Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, he sent Meng Tian to attack the Huns, recover Henan and push back to the north of Yinshan; (2) In order to prevent its further invasion, the Great Wall in northern Qin, Zhao and Yan countries during the Warring States period was connected, starting from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west and building the Great Wall in Wan Li in the east. (3) After the Baiyue area was conquered, Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai counties were established. At the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the number of Qin counties increased from 36 counties at the beginning of reunification to more than 40 counties, with the territory of "East to the Sea Dynasty" and Yinshan to Liaodong ". (4) Relocate the former nobles of the six countries to Guanzhong and Bashu to prevent their separatist activities. The number of people who moved to Xianyang alone reached120,000. It also explicitly forbids people to collect weapons, destroy confiscated weapons, and cast twelve golden statues to display in front of the palace.
Of course, to evaluate a historical figure, we should look at it in two places in an all-round way. The most criticized thing about Qin Shihuang in history is his tyranny. (1) Qin Shihuang's tyranny was partly due to the need of national unity and stability. For example, the construction of the Great Wall has brought great pain to the people, but it has played a positive role in protecting the development of agricultural civilization south of the Great Wall for thousands of years. Another example is that you killed a Confucian scholar, which is a manifestation of ideological autocracy. But at the same time, it also unified the national thinking. (2) We should completely deny the tyranny of Qin Shihuang for personal enjoyment. Typical examples are the construction of palaces, tombs, etc. (3) Historical figures cannot be evaluated by modern standards, let alone by proletarian standards. These two points need to be avoided when answering the question of character evaluation.