Construction Engineering Quality Management Paper 1 Construction Engineering Quality Management Analysis
Modern engineering project quality management is different from traditional quality management. It is a systematic, comprehensive and dynamic quality management method. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of quality management of construction projects, this paper puts forward some ideas and countermeasures for improving the quality management of construction projects, which provides reference and decision-making basis for improving the quality management of construction projects.
Keywords: construction project; Current situation; Quality management; Construction process management
1 the importance of quality management of construction projects
Modern engineering projects are developing in the direction of large-scale, large-scale and modernization, and the complexity of the projects has increased exponentially compared with the past. With the increase of construction investment, the quality and progress of the project need stricter monitoring and management to be guaranteed.
The quality of the construction project is not only related to the applicability of the project, but also related to the safety of people's lives and property and social stability. Therefore, in the process of engineering construction, strengthening quality management to ensure the safety of life and property of the country and people is the top priority of construction project management.
2. Status of quality management of construction projects
In the increasingly fierce competition in the construction market, some construction enterprises unilaterally pursue economic benefits, ignore the construction of quality management system, the quality management methods of engineering projects are backward, and they do not pay attention to pre-planning and in-process control, so they cannot achieve comprehensive and whole-process dynamic quality management.
2. 1 The construction market is not standardized
Some local governments and construction authorities fail to implement or even enforce the state's administrative regulations and management requirements on the construction market, and there are phenomena such as non-compliance with laws, lax enforcement of laws, and non-correction. Some owners, regardless of the size of the project, the difficulty of the structure and the level of the project, all said that enterprises above the first level participated in the bidding, and the first-level constructor and the first-level project manager undertook the construction task. As a result, differentiated competition was obliterated, and enterprises of different qualifications and sizes flocked to it at the same time.
At the same time, many illegal acts, such as the lack of qualification of the construction party, high qualification and low qualification, and the lending of the qualification certificate of the construction engineer, have further aggravated the irregular operation of the construction market. Because the construction industry is a labor-intensive industry, mainly relying on manual work and simple auxiliary tools, the market access threshold is low, and many small enterprises and individuals lacking capital flood in.
2.2 participants have poor quality awareness
Quality consciousness is the comprehensive expression of people's understanding and attitude towards quality, the premise of ensuring engineering quality and the first level of quality management. The top leaders of enterprises pay insufficient attention to quality problems, only pay attention to the profits and progress of enterprises, and fail to establish the advanced consciousness that only high quality can bring high benefits, resulting in the management and grass-roots employees having no clear quality objectives.
At present, most construction company leaders are right? Quality first? The slogan of "quality supervision" is much talked about, but little implemented, while the main goal is to grasp the progress and guarantee the construction period, and little attention is paid to how to further improve the quality. The weak quality consciousness of the management of the company makes the work of the quality supervision layer not paid enough attention, which makes them unable to give full play to their role.
2.3 the behavior of the construction unit is not standardized
Due to the influence of the long-term planned economic system, many construction project owners are not qualified market entities, or even complete legal entities, and there are many irregular behaviors in the construction of engineering projects. Some construction units are not completely legal entities, and the use of construction funds, the selection of construction units and the selection of construction standards cannot be decided by themselves. They are often influenced by their competent units, unable to undertake the responsibilities and tasks that contractors should undertake, lacking market awareness, and undermining the equal trading relationship with contractors.
The development of market mechanism is hindered, the investment responsibility mechanism is not perfect, and the one-sided pursuit of low cost, high standard and short construction period hinder the project quality. The construction unit subcontracts the project, which leads to two or more construction teams in one project, and the construction level varies greatly, and the site lacks unified management, so the construction quality cannot be guaranteed. According to the current national building quality evaluation standard, if one sub-item or sub-item in a unit project is unqualified, then the whole unit project is evaluated as unqualified.
2.4 design unit behavior is not standardized
Problems in building quality are generally considered to be problems in construction quality. In fact, some of these problems are caused by inadequate design. At present, many design units implement the principle that whoever undertakes the project will design, thus forming a fixed collocation within the unit, and these people are very skilled in a certain kind of design. However, if they encounter unfamiliar projects, other designers will not be easy to intervene, which will lead to the design advantages of the design unit and the complementary advantages between specialties not being fully exerted, which will affect the design quality.
In addition, the design quality supervision station of the Construction Committee monitors the design quality through sampling inspection every year, which leads to many architectural designs not being detected in time, laying hidden dangers for design quality accidents.
4 Construction process management
The most basic content of quality control in the construction process is process quality control. The purpose of process quality control is to find deviations and analyze the restrictive factors that affect the process quality, and eliminate the restrictive factors, so as to control the process quality within a certain range and ensure the quality of each process. Process quality control is the basic point of process quality control and the core content of on-site quality control.
4. 1 quality control point setting
Quality control points are the key parts, key processes or weak links of quality control selected according to the requirements of key control of important quality characteristics. Setting quality control points is a powerful measure to pre-control quality. Before construction, quality control points should be selected comprehensively and reasonably according to the characteristics of the project and the importance, complexity and accuracy of each link or part in construction. While strengthening general process quality control, we should adopt effective control methods, pay attention to key processes and special processes, and ensure that the process is always under control.
When setting quality control points, first of all, the engineering objects under construction should be comprehensively analyzed and compared, and the quality control points should be defined; Then, it further analyzes the causes of possible quality problems or quality hidden dangers in the construction of the set quality control points, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to prevent hidden dangers.
Quality control points cover a wide range. According to the characteristics of the project, depending on its importance, complexity, accuracy, quality standards and requirements, it may be a project with complex structure, a structural member with high technical requirements and great construction difficulty, or a sub-item or sub-item project, or a working procedure or several working procedures that affect the quality.
In a word, operation, materials, mechanical equipment, construction sequence, technical parameters, natural conditions, engineering environment, etc. Can be set as quality control points, mainly depending on their impact on quality characteristics and the degree of harm. The objects set by quality control points mainly include:
4. 1. 1 key division and subdivisional work
Such as steel reinforcement engineering and mass concrete engineering in shear wall structure.
4. 1.2 key engineering components
Such as the toilet of civil buildings, the equipment foundation of key equipment and some key concealed works.
4. 1.3 weak links
That is, the construction links that often occur or are prone to quality problems, or the links where the contractor is uncertain about the construction quality control. For example, some common quality problems (water seepage and leakage); Another example is the application of new technologies, new materials and new processes, which must be controlled as a key point due to the lack of experience of the construction unit for the first time.
4. 1.4 key processes
For example, vibration in concrete pouring has a great influence on pouring quality, and drilling CFG pile is very important to ensure its construction quality.
4. 1.5 key quality characteristics of key processes
Such as the strength of concrete, moisture content of backfill soil, fullness of mortar joint, etc.
4. 1.6 key factors of key quality characteristics
Mainly for people, materials, machinery, environment and methods. For example, the key factors for hoisting heavy components are people and machinery, and the key to the strength of masonry mortar is material.
4.2 Implementation of quality control points
After the quality control points are set, they should be managed and implemented to make them work. When implementing quality control points, the following requirements shall be observed:
4.2. 1 Organize the process quality audit in a planned way, and make specific arrangements for the content, time, frequency and personnel of the audit, generally not less than twice a year;
4.2.2 Review the work quality of each interface department, which should be continuous and stable;
4.2.3 Make disclosure on the setting of quality control points and control measures, so that relevant personnel can truly understand, establish the idea of putting prevention first, and form a written quality control disclosure document;
4.2.4 Quality management personnel shall cooperate with the supervision engineer to conduct key guidance, inspection and acceptance on the construction site, and conduct on-site supervision on key quality control points;
4.2.5 Strictly require the operators to operate carefully according to the operation instructions to ensure the construction quality of each link; (6) Do a good job in inspection according to regulations, carefully record the inspection results, obtain accurate and objective first-hand data, and form a written quality control document;
4.2.6 Use mathematical statistics technology to analyze the process capability and defects, find out the problems existing in the process quality control, take effective corrective or preventive measures, and constantly improve and improve the process quality control capability.
4.3 Quality inspection in the construction process
Construction quality inspection is an important means of construction quality control. Through quality inspection or on-site monitoring, quality inspectors ensure that the construction quality of the process meets the quality requirements stipulated in the contract and avoid quality accidents. Therefore, quality control personnel should attach great importance to the quality inspection in the construction process, with emphasis on the following aspects:
4.3. 1 Strictly follow the plan.
The implementation of each plan should be discussed through the plan? Compile? Audit? Modify? Finalize (approve)? Reveal the secret? Perform a few steps.
With a complete construction organization design and feasible construction scheme, and operable technical disclosure, the overall deployment of the whole project can be ensured to be carried out in an orderly manner, the construction site is clean and tidy, the machinery is equipped reasonably, the personnel are equipped orderly, the construction process is not chaotic, and the partial project scheme is scientific and reasonable. Construction operators should strictly implement the requirements of the construction plan, which will greatly ensure the quality and progress of the project.
4.3.2 Implementation? Three inspection system? And implement procedures for process quality.
Can make? Three inspection system? Give full play to the role, in the construction process, insist on checking the previous working procedure, ensure this working procedure, serve the next working procedure, do a good job in self-inspection, mutual inspection and handover inspection, adhere to the construction principle that the previous working procedure is unqualified and cannot be transferred to the next working procedure, and ensure the engineering quality with the working procedure quality.
Such as template installation and steel binding after the completion of this process, should be in the quality inspection personnel to check the template installation quality and steel specification, quantity and binding quality, form a quality inspection document signed before allowing concrete pouring. So there are three levels: subcontract self-inspection, general contractor re-inspection and supervision acceptance.
Check the system.
4.3.3 finished product protection quality inspection
Due to the frequent crossover of various types of work, finished products and semi-finished products are prone to secondary pollution, damage and loss, which affects the progress of the project and increases additional costs. Formulate the main measures for the protection of finished products (semi-finished products), and designate special personnel to be responsible for the protection of finished products. In the process of construction, the finished products and semi-finished products that are easy to be polluted and damaged should be identified and protected. Quality control personnel should regularly patrol and check the quality of finished products, and ask subcontractors to take measures for finished products. Guard, bag, cover, seal? Protective measures, found that the existing protective measures are damaged, should be restored in time.
Process handover inspection shall be signed by both parties in written form, and signed by the operator of the next process and the person in charge of finished product protection, and the written materials of process handover shall be kept. In addition, in order to protect the finished product, the construction sequence should be arranged reasonably to prevent the subsequent process from being damaged or polluted.
5 conclusion
With the opening of the market, domestic enterprises are also facing the problem of going abroad. How to improve the competitiveness of enterprises has become an urgent problem for construction enterprises. We should take the opportunity of improving the quality management level of enterprises, strive to create the competitive advantage of China construction enterprises and enhance their market competitiveness.
References:
[1]. Liu Xinyu, Talking about the Construction Quality Control of Building Engineering [J]. China Building Information, 2006(06).
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