There are 10 commonly used interpretation methods, such as giving examples, quoting, classifying, enumerating numbers, comparing, listing charts, defining, explaining, comparing, imitating appearances, etc. Common in primary schools are: examples, figures, metaphors, classifications and comparisons. What is common in middle schools are: giving examples, enumerating numbers, analogy, classification, comparison, quotation, drawing charts, defining, explaining and imitating appearances. "Hypothesis" is not commonly used in primary and junior high schools, but can only be learned in high schools and universities.

(1) example

Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example. Benefits: make the meaning of the article more clear, readers can understand it better, and make the article more specific and detailed.

(2) For reference

In order to make the explanation more substantial and specific, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs, famous sayings, etc., which can make the explanation more convincing. Benefits: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language. Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic.

(3) Comparison

Contrast method is an explanatory method to compare two kinds of things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When making a comparison, it can be a comparison of the same kind or a comparison of different kinds. Things can be compared horizontally or vertically. Benefits: Outstanding features (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.

(4) Column number

In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible. Benefits: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or reasons of things. Explaining with numbers can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be persuasive. ) accurate and convincing to readers.

(5) Classification

It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to explain complex things clearly. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the characteristics and essence of things from several aspects, which is also a classification. Benefits: clear organization, clear at a glance.

(6) For example

Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy. The explanation method of analogy in expository writing is consistent with metaphor and association in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate. Benefits: abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. (or explain the characteristics of things in an exact, concrete and easy-to-understand way. )

(7) Imitate appearance

In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate appearance, which is called "copy (mó) appearance". Benefits: Make the object of explanation more vivid and specific.

(8) Definition

Defining the essential characteristics of a concept with concise language and scientific terms is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things. Benefits: It can make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.

(9) explanation

From one side, make some general explanations about a certain characteristic of things. This method is called explanation. Benefits: It enables readers to understand and recognize abstract words more clearly when reading.

(10) column chart

In order to explain very complicated things clearly, charts can be used to make up for the shortage of using only words and explain something more directly. More specific. Benefits: it's obvious. Clear organization.

Edit this example

For example, clouds can predict the weather. For example, in Xinjiang, the appearance of clouds means rain. -"Looking at the Weather through Clouds" (giving corresponding examples in a large scale) For example, the bridge opening of a stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" can make the explained object vivid. Quotations: Zhang said in the Tang Dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why". -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (which can increase the persuasiveness of the article) Figures: Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, a slight narrowing in the middle and a width of 9 meters. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (accurately reflected) for comparison: When the Yongding River flooded, it was very powerful. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but this bridge has never had an accident, which shows its firmness. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (highlighting the characteristics of the object of explanation. Appearance: Some of these stone lions hold their mother and son, some whisper, some listen to the sound of water, and some look at pedestrians, which is lifelike. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. Classification: According to the building materials and ornate decoration of screens, they are divided into gold screens, silver screens, gold screens, painted screens, stone screens, wooden screens and bamboo screens. They are different in art, showing different economic and cultural levels of users. -"Say" screen "(let readers know the types of screens. Interpretation: There are two small arches on each side of the big arch. This creative design not only saves stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in the bridge hole and reduces the impact of flood on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" makes readers understand the ingenuity of this design. ) definition: overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process. -"overall planning method" (can accurately reveal the essence of things. )

Edit this paragraph to explain the function of this method.

(1) For example, it truly illustrates the xx characteristics of things. (2) Classification: the organization clearly states the xx characteristics of things. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized. The content of the explanation should be clear and avoid overlapping. (3) Enumeration of figures: specifically and accurately explain the xx characteristics of this thing. Make the explanation more convincing. ④ Contrast: xx features (status, influence, characteristics, appearance, etc. ) is highlighted. ⑤ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally. 6. Metaphor: Metaphor is a metaphor in rhetorical methods. Vividly explain the xx characteristics of this thing and enhance the interest of the article. ⑦. Drawing charts: Let readers see at a glance, and explain the xx characteristics of things very intuitively and vividly. 8. Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand. The difference between definition and interpretation is that definition requires completeness, while interpretation does not require completeness. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand. It can be reversed. 9. Imitation: a vivid description of the characteristics/facts of things, which makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. Attending doctor. Citation: It can make the explanation more specific and substantial. Explain the characteristics of things by quoting, so as to enhance persuasiveness, such as quoting ancient poems, proverbs and proverbs. At the beginning of the article, the reference description also plays the role of drawing out the description object.

Edit this paragraph to explain the basic requirements of the language.

One is to explain the characteristics and essence of things, the other is rigorous and scientific, and the third is vivid language.

Edit this paragraph of ideas and skills to solve problems.

(1) Specifies the object.

When reading an article explaining things, whether it is the whole article or the whole paragraph, we must first grasp what the article explains, that is, what the object is. So how do you find the right person? 1, look at the topic, many topics are the object of explanation. For example, Chinese stone arch bridge. 2. Grasp the first general sentence and the central sentence. A good expository often uses this sentence to highlight the things and characteristics to be explained.

(2) Grasp the characteristics of things

The characteristics of things are mainly manifested in structure (inside and outside), shape (size, length and so on. ), properties (hard, soft, cold, hot, etc. ), change (dynamic, static, fast, slow), reason (simple, complex), function (width, positive and negative) and so on. Generally speaking, the main points to be explained in explanatory texts are often the characteristics of things. In addition to the key points, it is also necessary to find out from which aspects and angles the author introduced the characteristics of things. For example, the article Immortality of the Dead Sea illustrates the characteristics of the Dead Sea from three angles: first, the "death" of the Dead Sea (phenomenal characteristics), then the "immortality" of the Dead Sea (essential characteristics), and finally the "immortality" and "death" of the Dead Sea (current situation and future development characteristics). In this way, the comprehensive characteristics of the Dead Sea are revealed layer by layer. Another example is the article Suzhou Garden, which focuses on the general feature of "No matter where you stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of you" and expounds it from five aspects: the layout of pavilions; The cooperation between rockery and pond; Against the flowers and trees; Close-up level; And the carving and color of doors and windows. In this way, through inductive analysis from different aspects, we can fully grasp the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

(3) inductive interpretation method

When reading the explanatory text, you can mark the explanatory methods used in the article while reading, then summarize which methods are mainly used, and then analyze the role of these explanatory methods in accurately explaining the characteristics of things.

(4) Summarize the main points paragraph by paragraph

When summarizing the main points, we should pay attention to the function of the first enclosing sentence, the last concluding sentence or interrogative sentence, and the function of the statement defining or explaining the concept. You can sketch out these sentences when reading. It is best to use complete sentences when summarizing the main points, and the meaning should be concise. On the basis of summarizing the main points paragraph by paragraph, the full text is divided into relatively independent parts by the method of "similarity merging", and the general idea of each part is summarized, and then the general idea of each part is connected in turn, so that the interpretation order of the full text can be clearly displayed. What order of interpretation is used depends on the object of interpretation. Generally speaking, time sequence is used to explain the evolution and development of things; Spatial order is used to describe architecture; Introduce high-tech products or explain the relationship between things in logical order.

(5) Grasp the center

On the basis of clarifying the order of explanation, it is easy to see the basic structure of the article by analyzing the relationship between paragraphs and parts. If it is a total score structure, we should also focus on the combination principle of "scores", whether it is parallel, progressive or contains the total score relationship. Progressive structure should focus on how the meaning of each layer develops step by step, from phenomenon to essence, from individual to general, or from result to reason, and so on. After mastering the structure, it is best to draw a schematic diagram of the structure. The center of explanation is to summarize an explanation article, explaining what characteristics the explained thing has, or what it explains. On the basis of clarifying the order of explanation and grasping the structure of the article, it is not difficult to summarize the center of explanation.

(6) Experience the accuracy of language.

Accuracy is the characteristic of explanatory language. Analyzing the language of explanatory writing is to see how words and sentences accurately explain the characteristics of things to be explained. Pay attention to analyze the function of keywords. For example, in the article March to the Desert, "the desert is one of the most tenacious natural enemies of mankind", and removing "most" is not enough to explain the seriousness of desert harm; The nature of removing "nature" and "enemy" is unclear; Take out "one" and it will be absolute. Of course, we should also pay full attention to the vividness of words.