Paper Keywords: concept; Change; Consciousness; Low to advanced; Close to open; From local to whole
Abstract: As the foundation of national sports, school physical education mainly cultivates students' awareness, skills and habits of physical exercise. Enhance students' physical fitness and improve their physical fitness and quality of life; Improve sports performance and cultivate high-level athletes and a large number of sports backbones; Cultivate students' concepts and habits of lifelong sports and lay a good foundation for students' lifelong sports. Therefore, we should also change our concept of sports. Starting from the concept of lifelong sports, our understanding of sports should move from low-level to high-level, from closed to open, from single to diversified, from local to whole.
The Outline of National Fitness Program puts forward that school physical education is the foundation of national physical education. It is necessary to educate students to carry out lifelong physical education and cultivate their awareness, skills and habits of physical exercise. ? Facing the 2 1 century, the tasks of school physical education are: strengthening students' physique, improving their physical fitness and quality of life; Improve sports performance and cultivate high-level athletes and a large number of sports backbones; Cultivate students' concepts and habits of lifelong sports and lay a good foundation for students' lifelong sports. Therefore, we should also change our concept of sports. Starting from the concept of lifelong sports, our understanding of sports should move from low-level to high-level, from closed to open, from single to diversified, from local to whole.
First, understand the change of concept.
The function of sports has many factors, such as fitness, bodybuilding, medical care, biological function of prolonging life and social function of education, politics and economy. Its value is not only for health, entertainment, or preparation for further study and employment, but for people's lives. Therefore, according to the characteristics of physical education, we should start with imparting knowledge and technology, exercising physical fitness and emotional education, and adopt scientific methods to educate students. In teaching, we should not only strengthen physical education knowledge, but also attach importance to social knowledge, humanities and natural sciences, so as to make students' knowledge broad, broad, precise and deep, and lay a good foundation for future development. We should not only exercise students' bodies, but also develop students' thinking ability and cultivate non-intellectual factors; It is necessary to teach students not only to learn knowledge, technology and skills, but also to learn; We should not only teach students how to be human, but also teach them how to survive. Focus on training? Learning is for use? It is necessary to create opportunities for students to use their brains, observe, practice and create, give full play to the multi-functional role of sports, and serve to improve students' all-round quality.
Second, the change of teachers' view.
Teachers are the key factors to implement quality education. In other disciplines, with the renewal and development of subject content, teachers engaged in this discipline should carry out further education and training, and learn some courses related to educational theory, such as teaching theory, curriculum theory, pedagogy, psychology and so on. However, there are few opportunities for PE teachers to continue their education? Charging? Usually, a physical education teacher who graduated from a university is fully qualified for modern teaching with the knowledge he learned 20 years ago. How should he adapt to this era when knowledge is updated so quickly? In this way, physical education will inevitably fall behind the reality. Physical education teachers are both mental workers and manual workers, and are not considered by social secular prejudice? Well-developed limbs and simple mind? . The knowledge structure of physical education teachers can't just be satisfied with? Subject knowledge+pedagogy knowledge? The traditional model should form a multi-layer composite structure: (1) Master the basic knowledge about contemporary nature and humanities, have a solid foundation of instrument discipline, and be skilled in using it. (2) Learn more about information science, life science and environmental science, understand the humanistic value of sports to social and human progress, and reveal and understand the regularity of students' quality development from the perspective of social development; Improve the ability of language expression and foreign language ability in interpersonal communication, and have general computer knowledge and operation skills. (3) Have a deep understanding and mastery of professional knowledge and skills, spend more energy on design teaching, and pay more attention to students and the whole teaching process in class. (4) We should pay attention to the study of modern educational theories and concepts, teaching objectives, teaching strategies, teaching activity design, teaching modes and methods, teaching evaluation, modern teaching means, teaching research and other knowledge and skills. Educational research should also be combined with teaching, and some research papers should be written every semester. Teachers don't just impart knowledge, but like psychologists, they discover students' inner mysteries, capture their inner feelings, cultivate their healthy and beautiful personalities and establish noble and beautiful sentiments. Teachers are the organizers of teaching activities and play an irreplaceable role in the development of students. The demand for education in the future society is ultimately the demand for teachers. Both the renewal of educational concepts and the reform of teaching contents and methods will depend on the quality and attitude of teachers. Teachers should not only improve their knowledge structure, teaching ability and professional skills, but also cultivate good personality and psychological quality, improve themselves from the aspects of politics, morality, knowledge, ability, psychology and aesthetics, so that they can develop in an all-round way and become all-round and innovative teachers.
Third, the concept of teaching materials' change'
Today, with the vigorous development of high technology, the modernization of teaching content is an important topic in the reform of physical education in China. First, the most prominent problem at present is that the teaching contents of primary schools, middle schools, technical secondary schools and universities do not really constitute an organic whole. The lack of transferability and development of teaching materials at all levels leads to the low-level repetition of physical education teaching content, which is in an outdated and backward state, lacking the times and advancement, and does not meet the actual needs of students and the future. 2 1 century is an era of comprehensively improving national quality. Physical education textbooks should be related to the cultivation of students' ability and the actual needs in the future. Some sports contents with the times and practicality should be introduced into physical education teaching, and the textbooks with poor effects should be deleted, so that the physical education in teaching can be closer to the physical education in life, and the textbooks can reflect the new achievements of modern science and technology, so that students can learn and master the new achievements, new technologies and new trends in physical education teaching and improve their interest in learning. Second, teaching materials should reflect the basic structure of physical education, strengthen the proportion of basic theory and basic knowledge, facilitate students' study, master the basic framework of the subject and improve the theoretical level. Thirdly, the teaching materials should be diversified, and besides the compulsory courses, various types of elective courses should be offered to broaden students' knowledge and establish a reasonable knowledge structure. Fourth, increase the interest and readability of teaching materials, and increase sports history, teaching and training examples, evaluation standards and methods. To this end, the author believes that different types of schools should set up and arrange teaching materials from their own majors, and cannot be stereotyped. For example, for students majoring in science and engineering, they have knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology. Physical education textbooks should be added to enable students to make mechanical analysis of technical movements of certain sports and understand and master scientific training methods; For medical students, human anatomy, physiology and battlefield rescue can be added. Understand which muscles are involved in the work when doing a technical movement of a project, how to train its function and health guidance; Ocean and navigation majors can add aquatic projects, self-help at sea, survival ability training and professional skills projects. In this way, students not only learn sports knowledge, but also consolidate professional knowledge, which is conducive to cultivating students' interest in learning sports and making the teaching materials have reference and practical value in future practice.
In short, the compilation of teaching materials should be modernized, theorized, structured, diversified and interesting, and the content of teaching materials should include multiple levels: knowledge level, ability level, emotion level, cognition level, teaching ideas and methods level.
Fourth, the change of equipment concept.
In physical education teaching, equipment factors have great influence and restriction on the improvement and development of teaching effect, students' ability and technical level. If the weight, height and size of equipment are properly improved or changed in physical education teaching, the teaching effect will be completely different. If the height of the basketball hoop is properly lowered and the basketball becomes smaller in the teaching of basketball and volleyball, can students be like the United States? NBA？ Stars can dunk like that; Similarly, if the height of the volleyball net is properly reduced, students' spike and block will be better and their tactics will be richer. Students can not only experience the fun brought by advanced technology, but also stimulate and mobilize their interest and enthusiasm in basketball and volleyball learning. In many years of practical teaching, the effect is very good. If the standard of combining technical evaluation with sports performance is selected in the examination of track and field events, students will attach importance to the study of advanced and correct technical movements in their studies, instead of blindly pursuing sports performance and ignoring the study of technical movements. At present, in track and field teaching, the weight of shot put in men's primary school is 3 kg, that in middle school is 4-5 kg, and that in middle school and university is 6-7.26 kg. Women are 3 ~ 4 kg, because the standard weight of shot put is really too heavy for students of this age, so they can't learn advanced technical movements in technical teaching, and only need to master sideslip throwing. As a result, the level and achievement of shot put are generally low, which makes students lose interest in learning shot put, let alone consciously develop the habit of lifelong exercise. If we use appropriate weight-loss equipment in the usual teaching, strengthen the study of advanced technical movements, such as backward sliding or rotating throwing technique of shot put, and add the method of technical evaluation to the examination, then students will strengthen the study and practice of shot put technical movements, work hard on the quality of movements, and master technical movements, so as to make movements with higher quality, more beautiful posture and more advanced technology, and lay a solid foundation for future opportunities to engage in special training and competitions. Therefore, the author believes that in physical education teaching in primary schools, middle schools and universities, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages by appropriately lowering the equipment standards and focusing on learning advanced technical movements, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Fifth, the change of classroom teaching concept.
The purpose of school physical education is to strengthen students' physique. However, in the current physical education teaching, due to the complicated content and short time, the teaching process is severely squeezed, and the teaching process of each class can not reach the goal because of the expansion of content. The author thinks it is unrealistic to strengthen students' physique through two classes. Only by making students attach importance to learning sports skills and mastering practice methods is the most realistic goal in physical education teaching. If the goal is unclear, students will not understand whether they are learning fitness methods, entertaining activities or participating in competitions in classroom teaching. If the content of all kinds of projects should be completed in the classroom, then under the current classroom teaching equipment, technical teaching is only a low-level repetition, and students can't experience the full sense of sports, nor can they experience the fun of improving technology and mastering knowledge, so teaching is prone to vague content? Gamification? And then what? Active? Tendency, many times just let students participate in activities, can not achieve the purpose of physical education teaching.
American educator Lin Gelun divided the communication between teachers and students into four categories. The first is one-way communication. The teacher says, do, and the students listen and follow. The second is two-way communication, and the teacher asks the students to answer; Third, multi-directional communication, teachers and students ask and answer each other; Fourth, comprehensive communication, teachers and students discuss, study and do experiments together. The traditional classroom teaching is that teachers explain and demonstrate to all students, and students imitate and practice, which is basically a teacher? One-way communication between students is far from meeting the needs of today's physical education. Therefore, the information transmission mode of modern physical education classroom teaching should be? One way? Turn? Multidirectional? That is, students Teachers, students? Students, students? Society; Classroom? Extracurricular activities? Family? Society, forming a multi-channel, multi-level, multi-faceted and multi-means comprehensive three-dimensional teaching model. The goal of physical education classroom teaching is: (1) to impart basic and systematic physical education knowledge to students; (2) Cultivating students' scientific thinking methods and abilities; (3) Make students develop the habit and ability of scientific exercise; (4) Cultivate students' good sentiment and conscious exercise attitude. Moreover, in teaching, students should be allowed to ask questions, find ideas, do experiments and analyze wrong actions, so that students can take the initiative to accept knowledge and truly reflect their dominant position.
Abstract of intransitive verbs
Physical education in primary and secondary schools should strengthen the concept of basic education and quality education, and physical education in colleges and middle schools should be dominated by the concept of lifelong physical education. The above changes are important factors that affect the current physical education, and are the subject of future physical education reform, which is worth further discussion.
References:
[1] Liu,, et al. Analysis of factors affecting the teaching effect of physical education [J]. School Physical Education in China, 1999, (1).
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