The style and genre of interior design belong to the category of artistic modeling and spiritual function of indoor environment. The styles and genres of interior design are often closely combined with those of architecture and furniture. Sometimes it is closely combined with the styles and schools of painting, plastic arts and even literature and music in the corresponding period; Sometimes it is based on the styles and genres of painting, plastic arts and even literature and music in the corresponding period. For example, the word "postmodernism" in architecture and interior design and its meaning first appeared in Spanish literary works, while "de stijl" is a school of plastic arts in the Netherlands with distinctive features. It can be seen that architectural art not only has the characteristics of close connection with materials and engineering technology, but also has similarities with literature, music, painting and sculpture.
The cause and influence of style
The formation of interior design style is different trend of thought of the times and regional characteristics, and it gradually develops into a representative interior design form through creative conception and performance. Typical styles are usually closely related to local cultural factors and natural conditions, and the characteristics of conception and modeling are also needed in creation. External and internal factors that form style.
Although style is expressed in form, it has profound connotations such as art, culture and social development. In this profound sense, style does not stay or is equivalent to form.
It should be emphasized that once a style or genre is formed, it can have a positive or negative impact on culture, art and many social factors, not just as a form of expression and visual experience.
The Russian architectural theorist M Ginzberg once said that the word "style" is full of ambiguity. We often refer to those features that distinguish the smallest differences in artistic style as style, and sometimes we refer to the features of an entire era or centuries as style. Nowadays, the classification of interior design styles and schools is still under further study and discussion. The names and classifications of styles and genres mentioned later in this chapter are not conclusive, but only as reference for reading and learning, which may inspire our design analysis and creation.
Interior design style
While embodying artistic characteristics and creative individuality, relatively speaking, it can be considered that the style spans a longer time and covers a wider area.
The styles of interior design can be mainly divided into: traditional style, modern style, post-modern style, natural style and mixed style.
First, traditional style.
Traditional interior design absorbs the "shape" and "spirit" characteristics of traditional decoration in terms of indoor layout, line modeling, color tone and the modeling of furniture and furnishings. For example, absorb the composition and decoration of ceiling, hanging and sparrow replacement of traditional wooden frame buildings in China, and clarify the modeling and style characteristics of furniture. Another example is the imitation of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and Classicism. Traditional styles in the west, such as interior decoration and furniture style imitating the Victorian style in Europe, Britain or Louis style in France. In addition, there are Japanese traditional styles, Indian traditional styles, Islamic traditional styles, North African castle styles and so on. Traditional styles often give people a sense of historical continuity and regional context, which makes the indoor environment highlight the image characteristics of national cultural origins.
Second, modern style.
The modern style originated from the Bauhaus School established by 19 19. Under the historical background at that time, the school emphasized breaking through the old tradition, creating new buildings, attaching importance to function and spatial organization, paying attention to the formal beauty of structural composition, being concise in modeling, opposing redundant decoration, advocating reasonable composition technology, respecting the performance of materials, paying attention to the texture and color configuration effect of materials themselves, and developing non-traditional asymmetry on the basis of functional layout. Bauhaus school attaches importance to the actual process operation and emphasizes the connection between design and industrial production.
Gropius, the founder of Bauhaus School, has a very clear view on modern architecture. He believes that "the concept of beauty changes with the progress of thought and technology". Architecture has no ultimate, only constant. "Modern architectural technology cannot be obliterated in architectural performance, and an unprecedented image should be applied in architectural performance". Outstanding representatives at that time were le corbusier and Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe. At present, modern style in a broad sense can also refer to the architectural image and indoor environment with simple and novel modeling and a sense of the times.
Third, postmodern style.
The word postmodernism first appeared in the book Selected Poems in Spain and Spanish by the Spanish writer de anis (1934), which was used to describe the rebellion within modernism, especially the rebellious psychology of modernism, that is, postmodern style. In 1950s, with the decline of so-called modernism, the cultural trend of post-modernism gradually took shape in the United States. Influenced by popular art in 1960s, postmodern style criticized the pure rationalism tendency in modern style. Postmodern style emphasizes the historical continuity of architecture and interior decoration, but does not stick to the traditional logical thinking mode. It explores and innovates on modelling technique and pays attention to human feelings. It often sets exaggerated and deformed columns and broken arches indoors, or combines abstract forms of classical components in new ways. That is, the use of non-traditional mixing, superposition, dislocation, fission, symbols and metaphors creates an architectural image and indoor environment that combines sensibility and rationality, tradition and modernity, and the public and experts. Post-modern style can not be evaluated only by the visual image we see, but also by the image from the design ideas. The representatives of postmodern style are P Johnson, R Venturi and M Graves.
Fourth, natural style.
The natural style advocates "returning to nature" and advocates and combines nature aesthetically, so that people can achieve a physiological and psychological balance in today's high-tech and high-tempo social life. Therefore, natural materials such as wood, fabric and stone are used indoors to show the texture of the materials, which is fresh and elegant. In addition, due to the similarity of its purpose and technique, the pastoral style can also be classified as natural style. The pastoral style strives to show carefree, comfortable and natural pastoral life in the indoor environment, and the simple texture of natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials is commonly used. Ingeniously set up indoor greening to create a natural and elegant atmosphere.