1, survey method.
Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object.
It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods and scientific methods, such as talks, questionnaires, case studies and tests, to make a planned, thorough and systematic understanding of educational phenomena, and to analyze, synthesize, compare and summarize a large number of data collected through investigation, thus providing people with regular knowledge.
Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect data in the form of written questions, that is, investigators prepare forms for survey items, distribute or mail them to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in answers, and then recycle, sort out, count and study them.
2. Observation method.
Observation method refers to a method in which researchers use their own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the research object according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information.
3. Experimental methods.
Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main features are:
First, take the initiative to change.
Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. However, experiments need to actively manipulate experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of objects, and make them obey the needs of scientific understanding.
Second, control.
Scientific experiments require that according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated, so that the research object can be understood in a simplified and purified state.
Third, causality.
Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things.