In the eyes of many students, math interest groups only involve students who are already interested in math. Or only for students who want to take part in the math contest. Such interest groups become math improvement groups or competition counseling groups. I think interest groups, promotion groups and competition counseling groups should distinguish concepts. They are different. Interest groups should be open to every student. Students who are not interested, can we become interested by participating in interest group activities?
Mathematics interest group is located in the angle of "mathematics is useful" and introduces all aspects of mathematics to students in an all-round way, thus stimulating mathematics interest. In the process of organization, teachers' primary task is to integrate ideological education into the content of mathematics teaching activities, and adopt flexible, diverse, vivid and effective ways according to students' learning psychological development level and specific conditions to help students clarify their learning objectives, generate a strong thirst for knowledge and establish correct learning motivation. Specifically, it is to introduce the background or practical application of relevant content according to the psychology of students of different grades and the contents of textbooks they have learned. Math is useful. Introduce them to students through activities with different themes to stimulate their interest in mathematics. In what ways are they useful?
First, combined with the classroom teaching content, introduce background knowledge and cultivate interest in mathematics.
Junior high school mathematics has entered the formal operation stage from the first generation, while primary school mathematics belongs to the concrete operation stage. How to make students pass this transition smoothly? How to make students firmly grasp the new knowledge in teaching materials, such as algebraic expressions, negative numbers, linear equations and so on. We can use interest group activities to introduce students to how this knowledge is produced and why it is needed. Let students understand these problems, not only can students understand the conclusions they need to master more deeply, but more importantly, they can gradually learn how to acquire new knowledge, thus cultivating their own abilities. Mathematics itself can be regarded as a kind of thinking activity, and students should be involved in this activity as much as possible, so as to form and develop those intellectual structures with mathematical thinking characteristics. Of course, it is impossible to ask students to rediscover problems like mathematicians. But by introducing background knowledge, students will not only memorize conclusions.
When beginners learn geometry, teachers can introduce "Geometry is around you" to students through interest group activities. Students often find this subject boring because they are beginners in geometry. Some knowledge seems familiar, but it seems incomprehensible; Some knowledge seems "mysterious" and far away from us. In fact, there is geometry in daily life, and geometry is around you. When you get on the bike, have you ever wondered why the wheels of the bike are round instead of "egg-shaped"? Because the "round" shape can make the bicycle move forward smoothly; Bicycle wheels are large and small for people to choose from; These two wheels must be installed in the right position, so that it is convenient to ride. This shows that the shape, size and position of objects are closely related to daily life, which is exactly what geometry is to study.
Activities of interest groups. Introduce all kinds of knowledge background to students according to the content of the textbook, deepen their understanding of the textbook and cultivate their interest in learning.
Second, introduce the history of mathematics and anecdotes of mathematicians. Cultivate interest in mathematics.
In interest group activities, tell students some vivid history of mathematics, make students proud of the great achievements of our ancestors, and stimulate their possessiveness of mathematics. For example, China was the first country to use negative numbers; Square table left by ancient Babylonians; China has the best mathematics in the world; The discovery of Pythagorean theorem and so on. These historical stories of mathematics can be explained to students in time, which can arouse their great interest in mathematics. Anecdotes of mathematicians can not only arouse students' interest, but also enable them to learn the academic spirit of mathematicians.
Students must be told the story of Zu Chongzhi, the most talented mathematician in the world from 5th century to15th century. Because in one thousand, Zu Chongzhi has kept the record of seven decimal places after the approximate value of π. His great achievements in mathematics and astronomical calendar, as well as his dauntless spirit of being brave in innovation and sticking to the truth, have been highly praised by scientific circles in China and other countries in the world, and greatly respected by the broad masses of the people.
Chen Jingrun's lifelong dream and career is to conquer Goldbach's conjecture. So what is Goldbach's conjecture? Mathematician Goldbach found in his research that even a number greater than 6 can be written as the sum of two prime numbers. For example, 6 = 3+3, 8 = 3+5, 10 = 3+7, 12 = 5+7 ... Many even numbers have been verified and the conclusions are valid. But the numbers are endless. Is even number true? Chen Jingrun devoted his life to solving this problem. His research pushed the solution of the problem to the extreme. Unfortunately, he also failed to give a thorough proof, leaving it to us or our descendants to solve. In order to conquer this world problem, Chen Jingrun wrote several sacks in the draft. We should learn from his spirit of climbing the peak bravely!
Interestingly, the tombstone of Archimedes, an ancient Greek mathematician, is engraved with a cylinder with a ball cut on it. The diameter of the ball is exactly equal to the height of the cylinder. This number expresses Archimedes' invention: "The volume and surface area of a ball are equal to two-thirds of the volume and surface area of its circumscribed cylinder." Do the math.
There are countless anecdotes about mathematicians like this. As long as you combine junior high school textbooks, you can always find examples related to the contents of the textbooks according to what students have learned and explain them to your classmates. It can not only cultivate students' interest in mathematics, but also expand their knowledge and improve their mathematical logical thinking ability, cognitive ability and discovery and reasoning ability. The above introduction can use teaching videos, not just the teacher's narration, and I believe the effect will be better.
Third, introduce the beauty of mathematics and cultivate interest in mathematics.
Beauty is the product of human creative practice and the perceptual expression of human essential strength. Generally speaking, beauty exists in the form of natural beauty, social beauty, artistic beauty and scientific beauty on this basis. Mathematical beauty is the objective reflection of natural beauty and the core of scientific beauty. We can find the beauty of mathematics in some simple formulas. For example, 12 = 3× 4, 56 = 7× 8, 12 = 3+4+5 ... These are all interesting beauties of mathematical equations. Plocque Ras has long asserted: "Where there are numbers, there is beauty." In a remote mountain villa, a fifth-grade girl happily wrote an equation (1+2)×3-4=5 in her notebook. This equation complements the beauty of the little girl. As you can see, the key is that we should have an eye for beauty. Since ancient Greece, symmetry has been regarded as a basic content of mathematical beauty. Pythagoras once said, "The most beautiful figure in all plane figures is round, and the most beautiful figure in all three-dimensional figures is spherical." This is precisely because these two forms are symmetrical in all directions. There are many symmetrical figures in geometry, which can give people comfort and beauty. Yang Hui's triangle forms a beautiful symmetrical pattern. The golden section of line segments has been attracting people's attention for a long time, mainly because the resulting rectangle gives people the feeling of "symmetrical beauty". However, the development of mathematics proves that the golden section and its related applications have important mathematical significance, and become a typical example of symmetrical and harmonious beauty in elementary mathematics. Simplicity is also a basic content of mathematical beauty. The charm of mathematical theory lies in that it can reveal the laws and relations of quantity in the real world in the simplest way. As Einstein said, "beauty is essentially simple." When introducing the beauty of mathematics, we can make full use of modern teaching media, let students see the symmetrical beauty of graphics on slides, and even let them make their own projection films. We can also use the geometric sketchpad on the computer multimedia software to let students make their own courseware and see the graphics flip, zoom in and out, overlap and so on. Therefore, we can appreciate the beauty of fun, symmetry, simplicity and harmony in mathematics, stimulate our strong interest in mathematics, and increase our hands-on ability, observation ability and creativity.
Fourthly, introduce the characteristics of mathematical language and cultivate mathematical interest.
Mathematical language is the most concise universal language. Some people even say that if there are aliens, communicating with them in mathematical language is the best choice. As a knowledge system, science must be expressed by language, and among many scientific languages, only mathematical language is used by all sciences, which transcends the boundaries of disciplines and plays a role in all fields. Galileo pointed out 400 years ago that the mysteries of the universe and nature were written in a huge book, which was written in mathematical language. Modern scientific and technological circles believe that the more mathematics a subject uses, the more mature it becomes. Mathematics is so important because it is an accurate, concise and universal scientific language. It conveys the largest and most accurate information with the least amount and the clearest language; Use the most abstract and general language to convey common contradictions and laws, and there is no ambiguity and ambiguity. One formula is better than a dozen explanations, which is exactly the case. Mathematical language has become the most widely used language in the world and the only universal scientific language. Therefore, mathematics language training is the focus of mathematics education. Such as using symbolic language to set equations for application problems, using logical language to write proofs, using functional language to describe motion patterns, using computer language to guide calculations and so on. By introducing the characteristics of mathematical language, students' interest in mathematics is improved.
So as to establish their confidence in mastering mathematical language.
Fifth, introduce the role of mathematics in social development and daily life, and cultivate students' interest.
The trend of mathematics socialization and social mathematicization makes the slogan of "popular mathematics" almost sweep the world. Some people think that future jobs are for those who are ready to study mathematics. "Preparing for mathematics" here definitely means not only understanding the theory of mathematical knowledge, but also learning mathematical thinking and using mathematical knowledge flexibly to solve practical problems. Western countries attach great importance to cultivating students' application ability. British national curriculum divides achievement goals into five parts, among which "applied mathematics" ranks first, runs through the whole mathematics curriculum and becomes the soul and core of the other four goals. The United States clearly stated that "the classroom should not be divorced from the real world, and mathematics education must emphasize the cultivation of mathematics application ability". Cultivate students' application ability and pay attention to facing and solving practical problems and daily life problems. In interest group activities, the problems that students encounter in real life are introduced into the activity process, thus forming the habit of students mathematicizing practical problems. For example, how to deal with students' lucky money and how to calculate the interest deposited in the bank; How to use the monthly pocket money reasonably; Pay the phone bill at home; How to calculate the family housing area and so on. Let students find practical problems by themselves and build mathematical models to solve them. In this way, in the process of stimulating students' strong interest in mathematics, they can cultivate their mathematical modeling ability to solve problems. In recent years, the application problems of the senior high school entrance examination are actually to highlight "solving problems" to a large extent.
Sixth, introduce the relationship between mathematics and other disciplines to cultivate mathematics interest.
In interest group activities, in addition to introducing the relationship between mathematics and physics, chemistry and other traditional disciplines, we can also introduce the application of mathematics in economics, management, industrial architecture, medicine and the relationship between mathematics and computers. But also introduce the use of mathematical knowledge to expose some street deception. For example, guessing "surname" games, computer fortune telling and so on.
Let students know how useful and magical mathematics is through the activities of interest groups. Let them involuntarily have a strong interest in mathematics and want to further uncover the mystery of mathematics. Then the purpose of our interest group has been achieved.