peony

Endless mountains and ups and downs, rivers and grasslands,

In countless dense villages, chickens bark and dogs bark,

In the once desolate land of Asia,

The dry wind whistling in the boundless weeds,

Singing the monotonous water flowing eastward under the low-pressure dark clouds,

There are countless buried ages in the melancholy forest.

They hugged me quietly:

Endless stories are endless disasters, silent.

It is love, it is an eagle soaring in the sky,

Its dry eyes look forward to tears,

When the motionless gray ranks crawl in the distant sky;

I have too many words, too long feelings,

I want to use desolate deserts, rugged roads, mule carts,

I want to take a trough boat, wild flowers in the mountains, rainy days,

I want to hug you with everything, you,

People I see everywhere,

People who live in shame, crooked people,

I want to hug you with bloody hands.

Because a nation has risen.

A farmer, his rough body moving in the field,

He is a woman's child, the father of many children,

How many dynasties rose and fell around him?

Bring him hope and disappointment,

He always spins silently behind the plow,

Digging up the soil that dissolved his ancestors,

Frozen on the roadside is the same image of suffering.

How many happy songs pass by on the road,

How many times have he been followed by his worries;

On the main road, people are talking, shouting and in high spirits.

However, he didn't. He just put down his old hoe.

Believe in nouns again and melt in the love of the public.

He firmly watched himself disappear into death,

And this road is infinitely long.

He can't cry,

He didn't cry because a nation has risen.

Surrounded by mountains and under the blue sky,

When passing by his house in spring and autumn,

Hidden in the deep valley is the most subtle sadness:

An old woman is pregnant with children, and many children are pregnant.

Hunger, patience in hunger,

The roadside is still a dark hut.

The same is the unknown fear, and the same is true.

Natural soil that erodes life,

He walked away and never looked back to curse.

I want to hug everyone for him,

I lost the comfort of hugging him,

Because of him, we cannot give happiness,

Cry, let's cry at him,

Because a nation has risen.

It is also the wind of this long age,

It is also the endless groans and chills that spread from this sloping eaves.

It sings on the top of the withered tree,

It blows through barren swamps, reeds and insects,

It is also the voice of this flying crow.

When I walked by and stood on the road,

I'm wasting my years of humiliating history.

Still waiting in the mountains and rivers,

Waiting, we have too much pain without words,

However, a country has risen,

However, a nation has risen.

194 1 year+February

A brief analysis of Mu Dan's hymns

Wu liming

To understand this poem, there are three sentences to remember: first, the painful memory of the present situation of national survival, second, the profound thinking of indomitable national character, and third, the praise of the tenacious vitality of the Chinese nation.

Poetry uses the poetic skills of western modernism, and shows us his true feelings and shouts with passionate poems.

In the first section of the poem, the poet stands at a historical height, has a bird's eye view of the devastated land of China, and fully "records" his experiences and feelings with a series of painful images. "Dry wind", "monotonous water flowing eastward" and "melancholy forest" are obviously painful living conditions, and "endless stories are endless disasters" in poetry. Facing the sour mountains and rivers, the poet did not abandon or laugh, but "embraced". This action fully shows his persistence and affection.

"Hugging" is a wordless action, and everything is in it. What exaggerated words are needed? Therefore, poets can go into the heart of this ancient nation and listen to its call, hope and love. Yes, although such a nation is poor and dilapidated, it does not lack the arduous and powerful viability. This is also its eternal revelation, so the poet said excitedly:

Silence is love, an eagle soaring in the sky, and dry eyes looking forward to the tears of spring. ...

How touching that last sentence was! How many places have we seen? I wonder if readers still remember? In the movie "Kong Fansen", when the actor of "Kong Fansen" washed the feet of an extra actor-an old Tibetan mother, "Kong Fansen" later said with emotion that it was just a little practice, and we clearly saw the tears and trembling on her old face! Isn't it the same in China? She needs so little care.

However, who is willing or willing to go deep into her heart? In fact, only when you really go deep into her heart and really love her, will you realize the deeper meaning and something that shocks your soul. In this regard, when the poet said "I have too many words and too long feelings" in slow and long words, we saw how excited and emotional the poet was. Moreover, his feelings are so complicated and he has been paying attention to the history of this nation for so long. When I first read here, "too long feelings" suddenly popped up, because in the word combinations we often see, either "too long history" or "too long years" are all concepts of time, but what does it have to do with "feelings"? However, when we truly understand the great capacity of the poet's feelings, we can't be sincere and rich without deep sigh.

Yes, the poet is very excited. In this part, poetry gradually changes from pain and profundity to profundity and passion.

I want to use desolate deserts, bumpy roads, mule carts,/I want to use trough boats, wild flowers in the mountains, rainy weather,/I want to hug you with everything.

Reading such a poem makes our eyes moist. Isn't it the same for poets? How kind and caring this statement is. Indeed, if there is no deep affection for the nation, how can there be such a kind affection and "hug" for poverty and backwardness?

Therefore, it is precisely because of this that he can deeply understand the reason why a nation is immortal, rather than what those who seem to be born with a decadent life can imagine when they encounter difficulties. "A nation has risen", yes, it is a profound experience, a deep national hymn and a strong national self-confidence.

In the first section, the most symbolic image is the "red hand", which is used for deep thinking. It is just like Sisyphus staying at the foot of the mountain written by Camus, so enlightening. The poet suddenly reminds us of his fiery passion, which is his profound understanding and eager concern for our nation, and makes the whole poem full of deep patriotic affection; It also reminds us of the feelings of people with lofty ideals and the feelings of the nation, especially since Du Fu's "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years and sighing in the intestines".

In the second and third sections, the perseverance of survival ability is conveyed by shaping the image of a peasant warrior. This farmer is the epitome of millions of people in China. He is hardworking, kind, has extraordinary endurance and is willing to endure hardships. However, under the trampling of the Japanese invaders, he stood up and stepped into the anti-Japanese ranks.

He resolutely left without looking back, not even a curse. But what a price to pay for him! Because he is old, young and poor, he is the only material and spiritual pillar of a family. Without him, the last broken hut collapsed in the autumn wind. The tragedy is self-evident. Poetry is to shape and portray people in such a bleak environment, so that we can realize the tragic and sublime behind that kind of desolation. Therefore, this is not only a farmer with such a difficult family, but also a just man with an unimaginable understanding of history and land. He didn't have that superficial "grandiosity" and "clamor", and even he was extremely incompatible with the "cheerful" atmosphere of the Anti-Japanese War. Just because he knows history, after several generations of deep accumulation, he has a fearless acceptance of fate, a calm and calm face of hardship, and a deep attachment to the land. Thus, in the poem, a kind of "noise" contrasts with his silence, a kind of singing contrasts with his actions, and a kind of "verb" contrasts with his "noun". But, you know, he is not a great man, not a giant, but an ordinary farmer, who is at the bottom of society and bears the heavy pressure of several generations, so reading is particularly shocking to readers! Moreover, he is so calm and resolute that he is extraordinarily simple and true.

Therefore, in this poem, we can also feel the brave behavior and valuable sacrifice spirit of Cao Zhi's "ranger" in "White Horse": "Give up your life and live in peace? Parents don't care, how can you talk about children and wives? A famous person is a strong person, and he can't be selfish. Give your life to the national disaster, and you will feel that you are dying. "

There are many places in this part that deserve our careful scrutiny. For example, "the deepest sadness lies in the deep valley", which describes the deep and silent forbearance of China people; "When the Spring and Autumn Period passed by his house", write the time every year. ...

Many children are looking forward to/hungry, but they endure hunger.

The result of "expectation" can only be "hunger", and there is a pause in the middle of "hunger" that cannot be got rid of. At first reading, how many hopes and disappointments are intertwined? This is not sadness. What is it?

By the side of the road, it is still the dark hut.

Use "gathering" to express the degree of "increasing" and the process of "deepening"; "The same soil that erodes life in nature" is used to express the terrible situation that rural desolation directly threatens life.

In the last paragraph of the poem, the poet wrote his complicated inner feelings with two intersecting feelings. The "long wind" blows over the "sloping eaves" year after year, bringing people "endless groans and cold"; Blowing through "withered treetops" and "barren swamps" corresponds to "insects singing" and "crows singing" ... all these make the poet feel unspeakable pain. However, it has something profound and immortal after all. "A nation has risen", so the poet is not disappointed, but has courage and expectation.

It should be noted that the "image" in this poem is different from the "blood hand" and "farmer" we see in ordinary poems, and its meaning is extremely rich. Secondly, the image is abstract, such as nouns, grades, gathering darkness and eroding the soil of life. Thirdly, this poem uses symbols such as "blood hand", "hug", "noun" and "only put down the ancient hoe" and symbolic actions to start the reader's imagination.

Ideological content:

The poem Zan was written in the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In the poem, the author tells about the disaster of our nation and the hardships of the broad masses of people, and enthusiastically eulogizes the perseverance of Chinese sons and daughters and the spirit of sacrificing themselves to serve the country. While deeply feeling the disaster of the times, the poet also saw the awakening of the people, thus seeing the hope of the nation and giving sincere praise to the motherland in distress and the people who rose up. In the poem, the author's concern for reality, expectation for the future, reflection on history and exploration of life are intertwined, and his emotions are both melancholy and painful, dignified and passionate, showing the characteristics of Mu Dan's poems, which are "complex thinking and linear emotions".

The poem takes the first person "I" as the lyric hero, which not only expresses the author's personal feelings, but also covers all China people's worries about their country and people. Praise for "I" has the characteristics of group will.

The whole poem consists of four parts. The first section uses dense images (mountains, rivers, grasslands, villages, crows, dogs barking, weeds, dry winds, etc. ) to describe the motherland and convey love for the motherland and the people. The author does not shy away from suffering and poverty. He described these people as "bending over" and said that they lived in "shame". But the author still wants to "hug" the people with his "blood-stained hands" like the suffering people.

The second and third sections focus on depicting the image of a "farmer"; This farmer is actually a typical working people and a symbol of the Chinese nation in the disaster. "He" bears "hope and disappointment". When the national disaster struck, he "put down the ancient hoe" and threw himself into battle without hesitation, "watching himself dissolve into death". Mu Dan's description of the hardships, sufferings, perseverance and awakening of the "peasants" until their death is a "tribute" to the great national spirit.

The fourth section is the author's self-analysis: he is "wandering", which is a harsh reality and a "shameful history"; But he is also very clear that the result of waiting can only be "silent pain", and only by rising like a "farmer" can the motherland be reborn. The last two sentences of this section repeat "However, a nation has risen", which not only echoes the end of the first three sections of the poem, but also highlights the author's strong call and firm confidence in the rise of the nation.

Artistic expression:

The poem Zan has the characteristics of "bringing the image of the poem into modern life". Mu Dan once commented on his "Recovery Action": "There is no" romantic "in it. Instead of writing with old images or romantic vague artistic conception, write with "non-poetic" sentences. " The same is true of "like". Language has no taste of old poetry, and is basically contemporary spoken language, which comes from real life, but strongly expresses modern people's "profound thoughts" and poetic feelings.

Zan gives full play to the flexibility of Chinese, is good at using complex sentence patterns (such as overlapping attributives) and repeated chanting (such as "a nation has risen") to shape images and convey emotions and thoughts, and has "the beauty of solemnity that is rare in new poetry".

Source: Multimedia Teaching Platform of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

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Mu Dan's Zan is a poem with hazy image, novel expression and profound and obscure feelings. There are few notes in Chinese textbooks, and there is only one comment on Mu Dan's poems in teaching reference books, which has little to do with praise or criticism. Various teaching AIDS in the market also intentionally or unintentionally avoid reading this poem. In recent two or three years, few articles have been published in Chinese teaching magazines and newspapers to interpret and praise. In short, praise is too difficult and there is no solution to praise! When I was teaching Praise for the second time, I found an unexpected situation: although the students didn't understand Praise, they were very interested in this poem and put forward many questions that I didn't have time to think about or didn't consider at all when preparing lessons. I organized my classmates to discuss and study. The atmosphere was warm and the students actively asked questions, which left a deep impression on me. Students' enthusiastic participation in teaching and strong interest in this poem prompted me to think about this poem seriously and deeply after class. Now I sort out some personal thoughts and share my great love.

Praise was written in the most difficult "stalemate stage" of the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, the Chinese nation was not only burdened with the heaviness, poverty and suffering accumulated in history, but also awakened in the bonfire of anti-Japanese war. Although the people were in rags and soaked in blood, they fought bloody battles to get rid of humiliation. As a young poet, Mu Dan deeply felt the suffering of the times and saw the rise of the people, thus seeing the hope of the nation. He grasped the characteristics of this era and sang for it, showing the poet's concern for reality and love for the motherland and the people. Paying attention to social reality, caring for the working people, loving the suffering motherland and enthusiastically praising the people who fought bravely are the ideological gist of praise, and we must interpret all the chapters of this poem closely around this theme.

The first paragraph of the poem is a description of the land of vast expanse, a long and heavy history, and a poor and humiliating nation, expressing the love for the motherland and the nation's flesh and blood. The poet should embrace all this, because such a nation has stood up on such a land. Poetry first describes the motherland with numerous images (the first six sentences), full of complex feelings of love and hate. There are rolling mountains, dense villages, beautiful rivers and grasslands, and quaint and beautiful dogs and dogs barking; There are weeds, dry sand, low pressure of dark clouds, and sobs of running water; There are desolate and barren land, gloomy and dark forests and quietly passing years. The arrangement of these images shows us the vast land of the Chinese nation, the sufferings of the people and the long history, giving people the impression that it is both vast and heavy. Then, the poem describes the experience and feelings of "I" with the scene of "They hugged me quietly" (7- 1 1 sentence). Living in this land, stories are endless and disasters are overwhelming. No eagle flies high in the sky and sings with its head held high. There is no vigorous and thrilling love on earth. People "crawl" in the distant sky, facing the dust and bearing humiliation, and slowly walk from ancient times to modern times. They look forward to the gushing tears with "dry eyes", despair in expectation and expectation in despair, showing a survival style of facing disasters directly, bearing the burden of humiliation, unyielding will and unyielding faith. "(Silent) is dry eyes looking forward to gushing tears) The appearance of the static image is like a statue, which contains eternity in an instant and infinity in the finite, reaching to the heart and touching the heart. Why are your eyes dry? Is it because of the pain of the disaster that tears turned into blood, or because of the difficulty of hope, no cause, no result? Is it because of emaciation and old age? Or dry up because of extreme poverty? Why is "dry eye" still looking forward to it? Can "spring tears" appear? If it appears, can it soothe a tired and haggard heart? ..... Hunger for food and clothing, or turmoil for peace? Does darkness expect light, or does misery expect happiness? ..... a pair of dry eyes and a persistent expectation, condensed the infinite vicissitudes of life and the painful memory of the nation. Vaguely, we clearly feel a kind of strength, a kind of hard work, a kind of unwilling humiliation, the courage to fight. Mu Dan wrote the great power of a nation seeking survival and freedom through a pair of eyes. Finally, the poem uses a series of sad and tragic images (12- 18 sentences) to describe "I want to hug you with everything, I can see people everywhere". Desolate desert, bumpy roads, wild flowers everywhere, rainy weather, mule carts and trough boats, like "bloody hands", show that "I" and "man" are one, suffering and * * *, all living in the past suffering, today's blood stains and tomorrow's hope. Despite the people's suffering and humiliation, despite the hardships and bloodshed, I have "too many words and feelings for too long", and I still want to "hug you one by one". There are joys and sorrows in the hug, high respect and endless motivation in the hug, and fighting bloody battles in the hug, because.

The second and third sections condense the whole into a concrete one. The poet's praise and singing point to a concrete "farmer", who is not only the condensation of the description and emotion in the first section, but also the representative and symbol of our nation, with more detailed description and more profound and single-minded emotional orientation. The second part describes the major choice of "farmers" at the critical moment. Like his ancestors, he lived and multiplied in this land full of hardships and vicissitudes, cultivated silently, shouldered hopes and disappointments, and suffered countless pains and disasters. When the anti-Japanese bonfire ignited, the enthusiasm of young people infected him, and the idea of saving the country and protecting the family inspired him. He resolutely "put down the ancient hoe" and resolutely plunged into the torrent of the war of resistance. Different from people's "talking, shouting, singing", he is calm and strong, and "believing in nouns" (the idea of resisting Japan and saving the country), he acts as unknown as farming. Although the road is infinitely long and the future is full of bloodshed and sacrifice, he is resolute and unyielding, brave and fearless, dying without tears, and a man should be self-reliant! The close-up shot of "Putting Down the Ancient Hoe" with great visual impact contains profound historical complex, showing the courage and determination of the "farmer" to choose, and the epoch-making historical significance of this choice. From this, we can see the will to survive and amazing strength of the Chinese nation. We are moved by the image of a tough guy who "melts to death" without tears. We are shocked by the strength of a nation's rise and the courage of a nation's struggle! The third section eulogizes the courage and loftiness of farmers regardless of life and death. Poverty afflicts him, fear afflicts him, hunger afflicts him, and children yearn for him ... He is a family, the backbone of women and children's lives, a dark hut, a cultivator of barren land, and a bearer of suffering and misfortune. His "silent pain" is really too much However, when the bugle of anti-Japanese sounded, he resolutely embarked on the journey of anti-Japanese war, without turning back, cursing, even leaving his wife and children, even leaving his hometown and even dying in battle. What perseverance and courage! It is because of this perseverance and courage that our nation can defeat the invading jackals! So the poet "I want to hug everyone for him". How much excitement and awakening this hug contains! "Let's cry to him!" Of course, it means mourning for the heroic spirit and heavy sorrow, but it also means the courage and determination to pursue the loyal soul, advance wave after wave and fight bloody battles! Because we firmly believe that a nation has risen!

The last sentence of the poem is a re-expression of feelings and a deeper and wider praise to a nation that has stood up. From the detailed descriptions in the second and third sections, to the macro-scanning with emphasis on history, we respond to the first section. Inclined eaves, withered tree tops, desolate swamps, moaning crows ... These perceptual images render a bleak, dilapidated, barren and desolate atmosphere, which actually implies the poverty and suffering of the motherland and the profound and long history. And "I"-a young intellectual who has awakened and longed for the reform of the motherland, has been waiting for the reform of the motherland for many years. Today, this dream has finally come true, so I walked through "hesitation" and suddenly got excited. The awakening of the nation is the torch of hope, and the struggle of "farmers" means the arrival of a new era. So at the end of the poem, the poet used two words in succession: "However, a nation has risen". At the end of the overlapping, such as heavy drums and dull drums, there is a heavy high spirit in the majestic; If the angle is clear, the cold air blows straight, and there is fierce endeavor in lightness!

Today, they read Praise with dignity and affection, as if they had returned to that hurried and noisy era. It was an era of suffering and poverty, shame and struggle. There are enthusiastic anti-Japanese youths, and there are villagers who remain silent and rise up. In the baptism of blood and fire, in the battle of swords and shadows, we feel that a nation is rising.

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