(1) What are the main problems in highway maintenance management in China at present?
1, preventive maintenance is seriously lagging behind?
China's expressway construction is very fast, with 40,000 kilometers completed in 20 years. Because the construction speed is too fast, the maintenance management is obviously lagging behind. From a national perspective, an effective management system has not yet been formed. The technical standards of highway maintenance are not perfect, and many general highway maintenance specifications are not suitable for existing highways. From a professional point of view, preventive maintenance is not paid enough attention to and has not formed a scale, which restricts the development of maintenance work. If we can actively carry out preventive maintenance, we can deal with the existing quality hidden dangers in time, save maintenance costs and improve maintenance efficiency. ?
2. The scale of research and application of new materials is not high?
On the one hand, it is reflected in the blind introduction of new materials in various places, but the internal mechanism of materials and key technologies in application are often unclear before use, and the result ends in failure. On the other hand, the research on new materials is not strong enough. In China, the research is mainly concentrated in universities, research institutes and other research institutions, limited to traditional problems, in the experimental stage, without the formation of scale effect and material brand. ?
3. The development of domestic new equipment has not formed an industry?
At present, many new equipment in China pay too much attention to the research and manufacture of equipment during the construction period, but there are not many new equipment that really take maintenance as the starting point and adapt to the maintenance market, and there is no industry and climate.
4. Lack of awareness of resource conservation and environmental protection?
The awareness of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in China is not very strong. As far as the expressway is concerned, it is reflected in the problems of soil erosion, water system and vegetation destruction caused by a large amount of land occupied during the construction period; Whether a green belt is formed in the current management period and whether the recycled materials are maximized is really worth studying. ?
5. Is the maintenance and operation mechanism backward?
There is a lack of sufficient understanding and effective legal constraints on the mandatory requirements of maintenance management, which are mainly manifested in poor investigation and punishment of maintenance liability accidents, lax supervision and light punishment; Insufficient investment in protection funds, insufficient attention to scientific and technological progress, and no modern enterprise system has been established.
(2) The development trend of highway maintenance?
1, intelligent pavement detection?
The intelligentization of pavement detection can be divided into two stages. The first is the automation of pavement detection, and there are many pavement detection equipment, such as comprehensive pavement detection vehicle, transverse friction coefficient detection vehicle, deflection meter, laser flatness meter and so on. Through these detection devices, road surface data can be automatically collected. Most of the pavement inspection equipment and technology are mature, but the comprehensive pavement inspection vehicle is still in the stage of research, exploration and trial in China, and has not yet formed a scale. The most representative ones are the comprehensive pavement inspection vehicles of Wuhan University and Nanjing University of Science and Technology. The second is the pavement management expert system, whose function is to store and analyze pavement detection data, evaluate pavement performance through data processing, and put forward maintenance countermeasures.
2. Normalization of preventive maintenance
Judging from the current domestic maintenance situation, it is basically after-the-fact maintenance, that is, dealing with problems when diseases occur, but the real preventive maintenance has a process and depends on the accuracy of intelligent digital processing.
3. Maintain the integration of equipment?
With the continuous development of expressways, the requirements of society for expressways are getting higher and higher, requiring expressways to provide fast, safe and efficient road transportation conditions. For example, the traditional method of repairing pits and cracks takes a long time and has poor effect, which affects the safety and smoothness of roads. Its development trend must be the integration of maintenance and construction equipment. For example, the on-site hot recycling maintenance train produced in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries represents the development direction of mechanization and integration of maintenance construction in the world today, which integrates the functions of heating, milling and paving, and can regenerate and maintain 1 ~ 2 km asphalt pavement every working day, which greatly improves the maintenance efficiency and reduces the occupied time.
4. Energy conservation and environmental protection of maintenance materials?
The recycling of asphalt pavement materials can relieve the pressure on resources, help protect the environment and reduce the maintenance cost, which has attracted wide attention from all countries. After years of systematic research, developed countries in Europe and America have developed five recycling methods and a series of complete sets of equipment, forming a relatively complete set of recycling technology and reaching the maturity of standardization and standardization. Some countries have issued corresponding policies and regulations to force the recycling of waste asphalt pavement materials. China is still in the stage of introduction, digestion and trial use, and most of the milling and planing materials of asphalt pavement in China have not been fully recycled, which not only destroys the environment, wastes resources, but also increases the cost. Therefore, as highway construction workers, it is very necessary to enhance the awareness of environmental protection and energy conservation.
5. New pavement structural materials?
The design life of ordinary asphalt pavement is 15 years, which means that asphalt pavement needs to be overhauled and maintained within 15 years. On the one hand, it takes a lot of time in the process of maintenance, which takes up the passing time of passing vehicles; On the other hand, in the case of increasingly tight oil resources, it is economically unreasonable to carry out an overhaul and maintenance at 15. To this end, some countries have spared no expense in researching and developing new pavement structures and materials to maximize the service life of asphalt pavements. ?
6. Socialization of maintenance and construction?
Highway management departments in developed countries are basically separated from maintenance and construction units around the world, and the degree of socialization depends on the level of maintenance and management and technical ability, and China's maintenance and management is gradually transforming in this direction. ?
(3) Maintenance management countermeasures?
1, in line with the development trend and industry characteristics of high-grade highways, and the principle of centralization and unification is adopted when establishing the maintenance management system of high-grade highways.
Concentration refers to the concentration of leadership and requires strict hierarchical management; Unification mainly refers to the implementation of unified standards, unified planning and unified dispatching for the maintenance and management of high-grade highways. Comply with the requirements of the socialist market economy, vigorously cultivate and open the high-grade highway maintenance market, and truly realize the separation of management and maintenance. In order to realize the socialization of the employment mechanism and mode of maintenance management, highway maintenance should face the construction market, select the construction team through bidding, establish the competition mechanism of maintenance projects, and realize the transformation of maintenance projects from planned task form to contract management form to adapt to the characteristics of high-grade highway maintenance projects.
2. Professional maintenance team
Only a professional maintenance team with capable personnel, comprehensive technology, well-trained, complete machinery and complete safety measures can complete the emergency repair work of various accidents on high-grade highways. Realize the transformation of maintenance engineering from experience to expert system, and the evaluation standard of maintenance quality is changed from "good road rate" index to comprehensive service level index. Establish and improve the high-grade highway maintenance management database, and give full play to the leading role of pavement management information system (PMS), bridge management information system (BMS) and maintenance engineering expert decision-making system; Adopt the internationally accepted star rating standard of service industry to comprehensively evaluate the utilization capacity and service level of high-grade highways. ?
3. Strengthen the government's supervision of the highway industry.
The government should formulate corresponding maintenance technical standards, operating rules and norms for the operation of high-grade highways, and implement social supervision and government supervision over maintenance operations. For the design and construction of new high-grade highways, the requirements of maintenance management are clearly defined. Maintenance management technology in compulsory design