New Tang book:
What a pity! The ruler of Zhi Zhi will never leave this world! Yu has the world, there are six kings in ten miles, and Shao Kang has the industry of ZTE. The soup spread all over the world, to the twenty-eight kings, and those who were very prosperous were called three cases. The prince of Wu has the world and passed it on to the thirty-six kings. The one who succeeded was Gong Xuan, the sum of Kang, and there is nothing to say about the rest. Although there are omissions in the poetry books, there are more than 700 years in three generations, and there are more than 70 monarchs. Only these six or seven monarchs have their excellent works seen in later generations. Alas, it's rare!
Comment on the Book of Old Tang Dynasty;
Mitchell said: "Guan Wendi, a minister, is very successful and smart in SHEN WOO." . Pulling people out is not personal to the party, but passive ambition is to do our best. Therefore, the enemy is willing to fall in love with him; Ma Zhou and Liu Yue, estranged from each other, died and appointed Jun Heng. Finally, I thank you. Try to talk about: the foundation moistens the clouds, and the insects sing and jump. Although Yao Shun is a saint, he can't compare with Qiong Qi. Yi and Lv Zhixian can't make a fortune for peace. When the monarch and the minister were killed, their eyes were gouged out, and the ants were weak, and the good was different from the value. With the house and Wei, they have more hills and caves, so they can respect the Lord and protect the people. Kuang Fazhou and Zhou Chengzhi are hereditary, but I have a legacy; He is more ashamed of virtue than the grandeur of Chinese and martial arts. I won't be confused, but I've been good at this for a thousand years. Just one person!
Jason Wu said in "Preface to Zhenguan Politicians": "Taizong's current politics is considerable, and it has existed since ancient times, but nothing exists."
Ge Zhi, the author of Zhenguan Power Collection in Yuan Dynasty, said: "Fu Taizong took the matter of two emperors and three kings as the way of self-cultivation and was ashamed of the way of family." However, he sacrificed himself to remonstrate, be virtuous, use himself, be diligent and thrifty, and be generous in loving the people. He is also a descendant of three generations, and there is no one else except himself. After a gentleman, it is beneficial to choose good and follow it, but not good and change it! "Here, Emperor Taizong committed the crime of two emperors and three kings in terms of self-cultivation and family harmony, mainly referring to Emperor Taizong and his younger brother Li competing for the throne.
When Ming Xianzong ordered Confucian scholars to revise and reprint Zhenguan dignitaries, he wrote: "Emperor Taizong was a wise king in the Tang Dynasty, who helped the world and the people. He is great and outstanding. Unfortunately, those who cultivate themselves are guilty of two emperors and three Wang Zhidao, and their treatment is not pure. "
A great/great achievement
1 He uses people in an eclectic way, and his use and leadership of talents have reached a very high level.
He has a unique eye, saw the lack of personal strength, fully realized that only a king is like a stone and a good minister is like a craftsman can produce beautiful jade, and humbly adopted the minister's progressive words;
A political management system of separation of powers and mutual supervision has been initially established, stipulating that laws and decrees, including their own (parts that affect national policies), must be examined and countersigned by provincial organs before they can take effect and be issued, thus ensuring the feasibility, timely discovery and correction of policies. Put an end to the harm and influence of bad policies on the country and people;
Recognizing the legal and political policy that human life is paramount, it is stipulated that the death penalty can only be executed after three repetitions (five repetitions elsewhere). It is not difficult to realize that only 29 people resisted the death penalty in the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), and 290 people were sentenced to death in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632). Judging the situation, Emperor Taizong ordered all 290 people to go home for the New Year and come back for retrial after the autumn harvest next year. As a result, 290 people were sentenced to death.
The martial arts prosperity of Tang Taizong Dynasty achieved brilliant victories (Turkic, Tuguhun, Gaochang, Anxi, Mobei Snow featherleaf rodgersflower, etc.) except for the strategic victory in the Korean War. ), which is inseparable from the national strength at that time, the overall strategy of the army, the tacit understanding of employing people, the coordination of processes and other important factors. Therefore, Zhenguan Dynasty occupies a considerable proportion among the famous soldiers in the history of China, and it is in China.
6 Swallow the world's "Tiankhan" temperament, so that Li Shimin repeatedly scared twice the result with half the effort. The classic battle was to scare off the Turks' 65438+ Wanjing Ride in Weishui. Far from Song Zhenzong's insistence and demands in Kou Zhun, he barely reached the south of Ai City under the escort of the army, but he had to go back trembling!
Focusing on the overall situation, Tang Taizong's domestic and foreign policies achieved brilliant victory. As long as people all over the world know that China's efforts are attached to it, they are proud of Tang Dynasty and happy to be at ease. They can not only live as freely as Tang people, but also be an official. Ashina Seymour, Gao Xianzhi and Li Guangbi, famous generals of ethnic minorities, made outstanding contributions to the Tang Dynasty.
Improve the imperial examination system, vigorously set up schools, attach importance to educational activities, and popularize the election of officials. At that time, there were many schools all over the country, so it was not difficult to remember the education at that time. At the same time, the imperial examination was standardized and fair, with Jinshi as the most prominent. Only then did Emperor Taizong see the new Jinshi filed out and happily said, "The hero of the world, he saved the country with me", which was the education of the Tang Dynasty.
9. Calligraphy and rich characters, Tang Taizong's personal accomplishment and talent are extremely high, and his calligraphy characters are also quite famous. With his vigorous promotion and encouragement, calligraphy, literature and art flourished in the Tang Dynasty.
10 advocates clean government, frugality and simplicity, and attaches importance to farmland water conservancy. Emperor Taizong's dynasty was quite successful in building a clean government. Instead of severely punishing corrupt officials like Zhu Yuanzhang, he established a clean and law-abiding central leading collective and attached importance to the election of local governors. At that time, many court ministers were poor, including Wen Yanbo, Dai Zhou, Yu Zhining and Zhang. Emperor Taizong also paid more attention to thrift, did not abuse people's power, and paid attention to sharing interests with the people. At that time, the society formed a simple and realistic style; Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to agriculture. Emperor Taizong visited Beijing outside Beijing and asked about it first. Because the coronation ceremony of the prince violated the farming season, it was changed.
1 1 Due to social stability and the development of commercial economy, many commercial cities have mushroomed all over the country, and urban industries have also made great progress. Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Chengdu, Jiangling and Liangzhou have developed rapidly. Chang 'an and Luoyang are self-evident as world economic metropolises, which laid a solid foundation for the feudal economy to reach the top.
12 supported Xuanzang's Buddhism and affirmed his westward journey, which opened up and maintained the Hexi Corridor-Silk Road, linked Silla and Japan to the East, and promoted cultural exchanges and economic development between China and the West. Princess Wencheng married Tubo, which made Tubo enter feudal society from slave society and developed and promoted the development of Tibet.
To sum up, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was a great statesman, strategist, writer, calligrapher, outstanding leader and an outstanding figure who influenced China and the world. He has made outstanding contributions to the Chinese nation and people, leaving behind brilliant achievements and spiritual wealth, so he is revered by people. As Mr Zhu Dongyang said, "He is one of the greatest people in China after Confucius".
Tang Taizong debate
As we all know, Li Shimin is a person. No one is perfect, everyone makes mistakes. In the later period of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong began to have some changes, first reflected in Shangshu. After ten years of Zhenguan, Wei Zhi found himself "speaking out" gradually, which was the beginning of some mistakes made by Emperor Taizong.
First, the conquest of North Korea was regarded by some people as a wrong move by some people, which was necessary and a necessary means to correct the situation at that time. First, it is South Korea's responsibility to wage war. North Korea brazenly attacked Silla, a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty, and provoked war. In order to maintain his authority, Tang needed to wage war to protect the interests of his vassal States. Second, in the war, Tang Jun is just and human, which is also an external condition to ensure that Tang Jun has little loss. All the cities captured by Tang Jun supported Tang Jun, but in order to maintain justice and humanization, it led to local stability and prolonged the war period. Third, Tang Jun's retreat and the subsequent war fully reflected Li Shimin's mind and superb strategic thinking. Tang Jun wiped out hundreds of thousands of people in Koguryo with a loss of 2,000 people, which is rare throughout the ages. When retreating, the enemy rarely bows to the city wall. The military harassment and political blockade in Tang Jun's later period made Goguryeo's strength go from bad to worse, and finally Gaozong eliminated the clown.
Luxury goods have also increased significantly. In the sixteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong wrote that the things used by the prince should not be restricted by other organs, resulting in serious waste of the prince. Emperor Taizong himself began to build palaces. In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, Feishan Palace was built in Luoyang, the eastern capital, and Cuiwei Palace was built in the twenty-first year. These made Tang Taizong less diligent in his later period, but he was many times better than Kangxi Qianlong.
Another big mistake is to participate in the "Ju Zhu" written by historians. This is dedicated to the emperor's daily life and his remarks on state affairs. The emperor has no right to interfere. This is a traditional tradition. Emperors have never read it, and respect the authority and status of historians. Historical Records is also a fair and decent book, never hiding anything, never afraid of the emperor's revenge. However, Emperor Taizong, a famous monarch, made a considerable historical mistake, which affected the impartiality of historians. Of course, there is no complete evidence to prove that Tang Taizong distorted history in a large number. At the same time, not only Emperor Taizong, but also hundreds of historians such as Dong Hu, Chen Shou and Taishi since the Spring and Autumn Period, not to mention the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty. In addition, Xu Hewu disliked it every day, which shows that the history of the early Tang Dynasty should be credible.
However, after all, Emperor Taizong was a famous monarch all his life, and he also reflected on his mistakes of excessive extravagance and erosion in his later years. When he was teaching Prince Li Zhi, he reflected on his life: "You should look for ancient wise emperors from history to learn from. People like me are unsustainable. I have done a lot of wrong things, splendid, palaces, attics, places where dogs, horses and eagles can't go, and traveling around the world is a big mistake. Don't think that everything is good, always want to learn to do it. "
In the early years of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong demanded land and materials from obedient nomadic tribes in the north, regardless of the dissuasion of ministers Wei Zhi and Li Daliang. As a result, these tribes became more and more hungry after enjoying the benefits of the Tang Dynasty and simply rebelled.
Later, Emperor Taizong himself reviewed: "The people of China are the foundation of the world, and the people of the four barbarians are the same branches and leaves. They are disturbed by their dense branches and leaves. They seek a long-term sense of security, but they have nothing. " At first, I didn't accept Kevin·Z's statement, so I felt very tired. I lost my calm for a long time. "
In 636 (the tenth year of Zhenguan), when he came back from the Liaodong campaign, Emperor Taizong fell ill. Since then, he has been recuperating and began to take Jinshi Dan medicine refined by the alchemist. In the past, Emperor Taizong once laughed at Qin Huang Hanwu's infatuation with alchemy and seeking pills, but now he himself can't help falling into it. In 647 (the twenty-first year of Zhenguan), Emperor Taizong suffered from "wind disease" again. He was irritable and afraid of heat, so he had the Cuiwei Palace built at the top of Lishan Mountain. The next year, he sent someone from Tianzhu to sleep with the alchemist's wife. As a result, his condition deteriorated. In May 649 (twenty-third year of Zhenguan), he died. At the age of 5 1. The death of Taizong became a mystery.