"Zuo Zhuan Xiang" wrote, "The sum of nine kings in eight years is like the sum of music." For thousands of years, the people of China have been pursuing political harmony and social harmony.
In recent years, with the rapid transformation of the whole social and economic structure in China, new political language symbols such as "marketization", "people-oriented" and "harmonious society" have become more and more familiar to the public.
After the first plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the national construction goal of "well-off society", the fourth plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee last year further concretized this goal and put forward a new blueprint for building a "socialist harmonious society", placing it in a prominent position alongside economic construction, political construction and cultural construction. It fully embodies the courage and wisdom of contemporary politicians in facing reality.
One bird with two wings: "harmonious society" and "well-off society"
What is a "harmonious society"? China people are familiar with "well-off society", so we should see that "harmonious society" and "well-off society" have two wings. "Well-off society" mainly refers to economic goals, and "harmonious society" mainly refers to social goals other than economy. Economy and society are prerequisites for each other.
Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden is still very backward from the economic perspective of modern people. But why is it passed down through the ages? Isn't it because people of all dynasties envy the harmony that is both stable and "happy"? Society is the economic environment, the orientation and the driving force of the economy. The environment is good or bad, the orientation is right or wrong, and the motivation is big or small. Only a harmonious society is a good environment, a positive orientation, a real driving force and a lasting driving force. "Well-off" includes "harmony"; "Well-off society" looks forward to the arrival of "harmonious society".
"Harmonious society" and social stability are complementary. Social instability is far from harmony. After achieving social stability, we should immediately move towards a "harmonious society". Harmonious society is a higher stage of social stability. There are many kinds of stability. A pool of stagnant water, of course, is as steady as Mount Tai, without even a ripple, but after all, it is stagnant water and easy to rot. Stability under high pressure is superficial and short-lived, not real stability; Harmony and stability are intrinsic and continuous, and they are real stability. There are many kinds of harmony. Static harmony is precious, while dynamic harmony is even more rare.
Four connotations: defining a harmonious society
"Harmonious society" is a society in which social resources are compatible with each other. Nationalities, religions, political parties and strata are important social resources of the country. Although there are some differences between these social resources, they all exist and are all born in a society. They each have their own vitality. Historically, when will more education coexist and when will society be harmonious? When multi-party cooperation and social harmony. "The way to govern the country is to enrich the people first" and "enriching the people" are not a few rich people. A harmonious society should seek certain material benefits for all kinds of people and provide conditions for survival and development, so as to condense various social resources and form a joint force. The resultant force is the equilibrium equation of gravity and repulsion. A harmonious society should be a civil society in which various social resources promote and balance each other.
"Harmonious society" is a society with reasonable social structure. The so-called "rationality" means that there is a relatively symmetrical, balanced and stable relationship between various components of society, that is, subsystems. These subsystems usually refer to population structure, class structure, ethnic structure, occupation structure, regional structure and family structure. Social structure is the framework of society. Reasonable social structure is the premise of social harmony. Unreasonable social structure will inevitably widen social distance and social contradictions, and correspondingly, social tension is also great. When social tension is great, social conflict is imminent; On the contrary, if the social structure is reasonable and the social distance is appropriate, social contradictions will be relatively small. In this case, the difficulty of social management, social integration and social control is relatively small and the cost is relatively low, so it is easy to build a harmonious society.
"Harmonious society" is a society with standardized behavior. There is a saying in China that "no rules can make Fiona Fang". The rules of society are the norms of social behavior. There is no need for checks and balances in life. "Orderliness" means "disorder". Tracking will reduce deviation. Magnetic levitation is not suspended in the sky, and there are tracks that can make trains float. Planes in the sky and ships in the sea have fairways. With traffic rules, the number of people who deliberately run red lights will be greatly reduced. If everyone obeys the rules, society will be orderly. The content of norms is very extensive, and customs, morality, law, discipline and religion all belong to social norms. Social norms are divided into written and unwritten categories: laws, regulations, rules, discipline and some morals, which are written; Customs and some morals are unwritten. The law is mandatory, although flexible, but rigid as a whole. Although moral standards are graded, they are generally high-grade and higher than legal standards. One can't make progress just by obeying the law. Written and mandatory norms are effective, unwritten and non-mandatory, standardized through praise and criticism, internalized in the depths of the soul, and have long-term functions. Even supernatural and transcendental religions have a binding effect and help to enhance people's self-control. Social norms are the firewall of social control and the support point of social development. With the progress of society, social norms will be updated. Updated social norms are still the propeller to promote overall progress.
"Harmonious society" is a well-planned society. The so-called "social operation" is the "social integration" commonly used in books. It means that we can act freely and make strategic decisions when adjusting the interests of different groups in society. The means are not only diverse, but also clever and flexible, connecting with each other, cooperating with each other, relying on each other and bringing out the best in each other, rather than offsetting each other and wrangling with each other. With a reasonable social structure and social norms, if there is no clever social operation, the society will still be difficult to be harmonious, and it may waste social resources and even spoil the reasonable social structure, making the originally reasonable social structure unreasonable. Social structure is a shelf put up by people, and social norms are also formulated by people. In a word, people plan it. Proper planning, taking into account all parties, inclusiveness, each in its place, and everyone is happy; Only by reasonable planning can we use the lowest possible social cost and maximize the role of social resources.
Three Scholars: On How to Build a Harmonious Society in China
Party Guo Ying: Possibility of Building a Harmonious Society in China
Core Tip: Whether it is possible for China to finally establish a "harmonious society" depends on whether China can further improve the level of social diversification, make the level of social organization by going up one flight of stairs, better handle the contradiction between fairness and efficiency, and finally make continuous progress on the road of political democracy.
The political idea of building a harmonious society may show the courage and wisdom of contemporary politicians in facing reality. All the difficulties in building a harmonious society come from our choice of diversified development paths, and the only possibility of building a harmonious society is that we can form a diversified society.
The simplest truth about social progress has hardly changed since Adam Smith revealed it-social division of labor can improve efficiency and increase people's total welfare; Market transaction based on free competition is the best institutional arrangement to promote social division of labor; The fundamental mission of state power is to maintain the free market exchange system. Just as state power cannot be abused, so can freedom; The bottom line of freedom is not to infringe upon the interests of others and all public interests. This is the significance of diversified development. Diversification does not exclude authority, nor does it mean liberalization. & gt& gt& gt
Ancient Horse: Conflict and Harmony in the Age of Interest
Core Tip: A harmonious society is by no means a society without conflicts of interest. On the contrary, a harmonious society is a society that has the ability to solve and resolve conflicts of interest, so as to achieve the overall balance of interests.
An important theme of China's reform in 2004 is to strive to build a harmonious society. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the goal of building a harmonious society. It can be said that this means an important change in the orientation of social development, that is, while adhering to economic construction as the center, economic construction and social development are coordinated and synchronized.
After more than 20 years of economic system reform, the institutional framework of market economy has been basically established in China. Therefore, the real danger is not the retrogression to the old system that some people are worried about, but the bad market economy formed for various reasons, which will ruin the prospect of establishing a good market economy and even fundamentally ruin the reputation of the market economy. One of the important issues is the interest balance mechanism that is compatible with the market economy. It should be said that in the past 20 years, although the framework of market economy has been basically established, the necessary interest balance mechanism of market economy has not been established accordingly. At the stage of $65,438+$0,000 per capita, the experience of countries around the world shows that if social contradictions are handled well, countries may enter a new stage of development smoothly; On the contrary, the result is a serious imbalance in the pattern of social interests, intensified social differentiation, increased social contradictions and even social retrogression. & gt& gt& gt
Deng Weizheng: Several Concepts Worth Exploring in Building a Harmonious Society
Core Tip: The number of social organizations has long been an important symbol to measure the degree of socialization of a country. The number of participants in social organizations has also become a standard to measure a person's social status. The vertical proportion of associations in China has advanced by leaps and bounds; Horizontal ratio, development is still not enough. We should try our best to overcome "community phobia".
Are there any disadvantaged groups in China? According to the social research report "Towards a more just society" of China Renmin University, if the urban and rural poor, the unemployed and laid-off workers in the process of economic restructuring, the disabled, the help-seekers in disasters, migrant workers and other vulnerable groups are added up, and then the overlapping part is deducted, there are about1.4-1.800 million vulnerable groups in China. This is only from an economic point of view, and there are people who are "difficult to see a doctor, difficult to go to school, and difficult to go to court." Are they regarded as a vulnerable group? Is there a problem that the less the vulnerable groups are recognized, the bigger the vulnerable groups will be?
Polarization is not socialism. Deng Xiaoping1September 993 16 said: "We talk about preventing polarization, but polarization naturally occurs." "A few people get so much wealth, most people don't. If this continues, there will be problems one day. " How to understand this sentence? What if there is "polarization"? & gt& gt& gt
On harmonious society.
Building a harmonious society is to change the disharmony in life.
How to be a harmonious society, so far no one can give a specific model; How to build a harmonious society is also a widely debated issue, but it is difficult to give a standard answer. In life, we can clearly touch what is disharmony, and building a harmonious society is to change the disharmony in life.
According to media reports, I heard that the "Provisional Regulations on Inheritance Tax (Draft)" was reported to the State Council, and many rich people in China transferred their property to the names of their minor children. Some people even buy real estate directly in the name of babies in order to save a lot of inheritance tax in the future, which has spawned a large number of "doll owners" ... Perhaps harmony can only be an eternal relative concept in people's minds, but human society pursues harmony. & gt& gt& gt
Law: the protective barrier of a harmonious society
Some people say that in the hands of rulers, law is the tool of rule and the sword of sanctions; In the eyes of moralists, law is people's helpless self-help when morality is declining; Sociologists believe that the law is the protector of the weak. No matter how to express the meaning of law, no one can deny that in modern society, law is a contract and a rule that people abide by, and law is the patron saint of everyone.
The construction of a harmonious society is not only the spiritual promotion and moral sublimation of social citizens, but also the change of economic conditions. The construction of social harmony depends on the belief in legal justice. When law becomes a belief, society can operate harmoniously under the same rules. & gt& gt& gt
A happy home is a harmonious harbor for social development.
Happy families are basically the same: respect for the elderly and love for the young, equality between men and women, harmony between husband and wife, diligence and housekeeping, and unity in the neighborhood; Unfortunate families have their own misfortunes: divorce between husband and wife, abandonment of the elderly, child abuse, domestic violence ... New problems in family ethics in the past and in the new period have cast a shadow on some families and brought serious harm to social stability. & gt& gt& gt
Fairness and Justice —— Leading the Construction of Harmonious Society
In order to build a harmonious society, we should not ignore any factors that affect harmony. Reflected in the social structure, it is a key word: fairness. Ding, a researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that building a harmonious society should start from all aspects. From the perspective of sociology, harmony is fairness and justice, including cultural fairness, economic fairness, political equality and social justice.