Paleoanthropologists agree that Neanderthals were stronger than humans. No matter from the analysis of Neanderthal bones or the textual research of Neanderthal life, Neanderthals are much stronger than humans!

On the other hand, a paper published in Science Progress on June 5438-1October 7, 2020 shows that Nigerians are far stronger than humans, but it also explains why Nigerians are far stronger than humans, but they are mysteriously extinct!

How strong were Neanderthals?

Neanderthals should be one of the ten races developed with Homo sapiens, and the other two are Flores and Denisova! 1856 Neanderthal remains were found in the Neanderthal Valley in Germany. The last batch of Neanderthal remains found in Europe was about 30,000 years ago!

From the analysis of Nepalese bones, their brain capacity is similar to that of human beings, and may even be slightly larger. According to the analysis of Nepalese bones found in Russia and Syria in 2008, the height of Nepalese men is about 1.65 ~ 1.68 meters, which is close to the average height of modern people, but their bones are much thicker than human beings, especially the arms and palms, which can be described by the forearms of polar bears.

The ratio of humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia and fibula of Nigerians is greater than that of modern people, which shows that Nigerians are very cold-resistant! Compared with Homo sapiens, these characteristics of Neanderthals can basically be said to be seconds kill. Paleoanthropologists believe that it takes about two Homo sapiens males to subdue a Neanderthal male!

Moreover, from the excavated relics, Nepalese hunt mammoths, rhinoceroses, deer and wild horses for food, but their weapons are very simple, only spears and stones, which shows that they are used to winning by force. If Homo sapiens meets Nepalese, there is almost no victory under one-on-one conditions!

A paper published in Scientific Progress on June 7, 2020 shows that Nigerians not only kill humans with their arms and palms, but also kill humans with their body functions and structures! According to the paper, the ribs of Nigerians are barrel-shaped, and their chests are bigger, deeper and wider than those of humans!

Dr. Garcia Martinez, the first author of the paper, said that Nigerians are more suitable for deep breathing! Their cardiopulmonary function is much stronger than that of human beings. Simply put, Nigerians are a race with huge consumption but endless strength. Such an opponent is absolutely terrible!

How did such a powerful Nepalese become extinct?

Scientists are also puzzled by this. In the law of the jungle world, the extinction of powerful species with high brain capacity does not conform to the viewpoint of evolution. So paleoanthropologists have put forward many possibilities!

Archaeological findings show that the weapons of China and Nigerians are very simple. As mentioned above, Nigerians only have spears and stones, but there seems to be no bow and arrow. Therefore, they are absolutely at a disadvantage against Homo sapiens. But once the war happens, it will give each other a learning process, and Nigerians are not stupid. Haven't the tens of thousands of years of struggle between Nigerians and Homo sapiens improved at all? It seems reasonable, but it doesn't really explain why Nigerians are extinct!

Another factor is that Neanderthals had no language ability, so their communication efficiency was too poor to compete with Homo sapiens. However, according to the paper in Current Biology 20 17, DNA analysis extracted from Neanderthals showed that Neanderthals also had FOXP2 sequences related to modern human prediction. This discovery suggests that Neanderthals may be able to speak like modern people. Moreover, the author thinks that FOXP2 may have been produced before the evolutionary separation between Neanderthals and modern humans, about 300 thousand to 400 thousand years ago!

There is also a saying that Nigerians have a huge eyeball structure, which is simply that their eyes are too big. In 20 13, the research team led by Eiluned Pearce of Oxford University believed that the big eyes of Nigerians led to a large increase in the visual area of the brain, which affected the development of social communication function and seriously affected the social development ability of Nigerians, and could not compete with Homo sapiens in this respect.

Moreover, Nepalese tooth fossils show that their enamel is much thinner than that of Homo sapiens ancestors, which will make Nepalese lose the ability to chew hard food earlier, which is also an important aspect of the impact!

However, in the paper published in Science Progress from June 5th to1October 7th, 2020, while proving that Nigerians are strong, they also put forward another view, that is, Nigerians have strong metabolic ability, which means they need more food to provide heat, which is really a test during the severe ice age!

The extinction of Nigerians is a fact, and there may be more than one reason, perhaps a combination of multiple factors!

Ethnically, Neanderthals can be said to be our homologous brothers. From 6.5438+0.2 million years ago, they have been ruling a large area of mountains and rivers in Europe, West Asia and North Africa until 24,000 years ago (controversial). /kloc-Neanderthal bones were found in Belgium at the beginning of the 0/9th century. After recovery, people found this "big brother" old and strong!

Photo: Short and powerful Neanderthals.

Can I challenge the Neanderthals?

What are you thinking about? On the premise that they are all adult men, fighting Neanderthals with the small lattice of modern people is the hero who can survive. Skeleton fossils show that although they are no more than 1.6 meters tall, they are strong and extremely strong.

Neanderthals' limbs and bones were much stronger than ours. In order to attach stronger muscles, their limbs are slightly bent and there are much larger joints at both ends of the bones. In addition, the ratio of their calves to forearms is smaller than ours, and their hands and fingers are shorter and thicker. These seemingly destructive designs have obviously evolved to adapt to greater loads.

Figure: Comparison between Neanderthals (left) and Homo sapiens in the same period.

According to this, it is difficult for two mature modern people to subdue a Neanderthal-the muscle content and bone structure are there, and the rhythm of fracture is minute by minute. Even our more powerful ancestors who lived 30,000 years ago are unlikely to win the battle against Nigerians alone.

By the way, along with Neanderthal skeleton fossils, there are scattered prey fossils. Among them are bears, elephants, rhinos and reindeer ... The only hunting weapons of Neanderthals are spears and stones (traps, throwing stones and bows and arrows are controversial), and they often see traces of healing after fracture on their phalanges, so you can taste them carefully.

Photo: Scratched Neanderthal skeleton fossils. They are hungry. They eat what they have.

So arrogant and tough, how did it become extinct?

The final failure of Neanderthals was mainly due to their wrong brains. Some people say this is wrong. The brain capacity of Nigerians is 1750 ml, which is a little bigger than ours. It should be smart. No, no, they are not big. Look at the picture:

On the left are modern people, and on the right are Neanderthals. As you can see, Nigerians have big brains, while ours have big brains. The occipital lobe of the brain is contained in the back of the head and is responsible for vision, so Neanderthals have better vision; We homo sapiens have a large forehead, which is the frontal lobe and the last part of brain evolution. It is responsible for language, social, emotional and logical thinking, and belongs to a more advanced and complex ability in the brain.

This means that strong Neanderthals were not good at chatting, and they were always guilty and bad-tempered. So they can't organize a huge population like Homo sapiens. In the struggle against Homo sapiens 30,000 years ago, Neanderthals organized at most one platoon to participate in the war. Therefore, Homo sapiens across the street often organized several murders, arranged Neanderthals clearly and took them away. ...

So, don't worry about the power of Neanderthals, even if it is 2.5 times that of Homo sapiens. No matter how powerful the tiger force is, it will eventually be submerged in the massive iron flow of the t-34.

Neanderthals may just be a little short and stocky. However, due to the limited information left by fossil remains, we don't know much about their figure and strength. However, according to the study of other primitive species, we can also roughly understand that Neanderthals were not strong.

Above: A caveman walking beside a modern man may not be much different, just like a stocky guy.

Evolutionary logic

A group of archaeologists, paleoanthropologists and painters reconstructed the body structure of Neanderthals, and they were closer to the original appearance than previous research results. The restoration work is based on almost complete bones found in France more than a century ago. This Neanderthal from Ferrasia has a short and strong skeleton.

In other words, Neanderthals were strong not because of strength, but because of the climate. Perhaps the stout figure is not to provide a stronger body, but only to provide a cold climate that can better adapt to Europe during the Ice Age. After all, in the cold, more muscles and stronger bodies need more food, and food is harder to get in the ice and snow. The evolutionary direction of Neanderthals should be short and fat with low energy consumption, not strong and high energy consumption.

Above: The thick outline does not represent strength. Of course, it can't tell us anything about their hearts.

If a modern man faced Neanderthals, who would be the winner of the battle?

Neanderthals had a clear advantage over their Homo sapiens rivals. Many archaeologists who studied Neanderthals found their forearms like Popeye, which may be the result of their lifelong efforts to hunt mammoths with spears and divide their bodies. Neanderthals may also have developed powerful trapezius, deltoid and triceps, because they often dragged dozens of pounds of meat for several kilometers. Neanderthals had a lower pelvis and a lower center of gravity than Homo sapiens, which made him an outstanding wrestler.

However, mankind may not be defeated.

On average, Homo sapiens may have a wider range of limbs and better endurance than Neanderthals. Most importantly, we can make further use of these advantages by using our excellent talents. But this is obviously speculative, but if you can keep your distance from your opponent, keep the initial fierce attack and make him tired, then modern people with more advantages in average height will have an excellent chance to defeat Neanderthals.

The average height of Homo sapiens may be higher than that of late Neanderthals. Of course, this is pure speculation. The classic representative image of Neanderthals is a stout savage who cut prey with a knife. This image is sometimes exaggerated. According to some known specimens, the average height of male Neanderthals is about 1.65m, which is only 5cm shorter than that of China and 13cm shorter than that of Americans.

Image above: Neanderthals were not strong.

The skeletal structure of many Neanderthal specimens shows that their biceps development index is not higher than the average level of Homo sapiens, and some specimens found in the Middle East are similar to modern people.

In addition, Neanderthals never lacked wisdom: they decorated their bodies with bright pigments and shells; Some archaeologists even think that they have invented a primitive flute.

Of course, there are also great differences in stature and toughness between Neanderthals, as well as for modern humans. Therefore, it is probably just a guess that Neanderthals were stronger than modern people.

Image above: We can also guess what a person's Neanderthal version looks like. hahaha~

Neanderthals were not a strong human species.

Compared with some neighbors in the phylogenetic tree, Neanderthals are only lightweight species. You don't want to see Heidelberg people on an empty street. Some specimens of this ancient human are over 2. 10 meters tall and have strong bones. They happen to be cannibals. So they learned to fight other ancient humans. Their brains are smaller than those of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. There is no doubt that the tactical disadvantage of Heidelberg people will be offset by brutality.

Above: Heidelberg people.

This early human species has a very large brow ridge, a larger skull and a flat face than the early human species. It is the earliest human species to live in a cold climate. Their short and wide bodies are the result of adapting to the cold climate and can save calories. They may be the oldest primitive human species, and they can definitely control fire and use wooden spears. They are the first primitive human species to routinely hunt large animals. This early human also opened up a new world. They are the first species to build shelters, and they can build simple houses with wood and stones.

In addition, Paranthropus boisei will also become a strong opponent. Usually described as "the elderly with gorilla heads", they have strong jaws, huge teeth and developed back muscles.

Above: Brenner lizard.

abstract

It is groundless to say that Neanderthals were stronger. Their stubby appearance is more like the result of adapting to the climate.