For such a well-known pre-Qin ancient poem with uncomplicated sentences, there are as many as seven ways to analyze its theme through the ages (according to Zhang Shubo's Collection of National Styles), which is really interesting. According to the preface to Mao Shi in the Han Dynasty, "Papaya is beautiful now. Tijen was defeated by Cao in Wei, but Qi Huangong saved him and sealed him, leaving only his chariots and horses. Wei people think about it, want to report it thick, and make poems. " This view was supported by Yan Gan and others in the Song Dynasty, and by Wei Yuan and others in the Qing Dynasty. According to the textual research of three poems about the same period as Mao Dawei, Chen Qiaozong's Textual Research on Lu's Legacy, Lu's "writing this article to reward the courtiers' thoughts" and Wang Xianqian's "The Collection of Three Poets' Righteousness" also have the same opinion. Since Zhu in the Song Dynasty, the theory of "men and women answering each other" has become popular. "Biography of Poetry" said: "I want to repay you with a little thing. Although it is not enough to repay you, I want to think it is good and don't forget my ears. Doubt is also a word that men and women give answers to, such as "fine woman." This reflects the innovative spirit and the spirit of doubting the ancient times of the school of poetic abandonment in Song Dynasty. However, this statement was refuted by Yao Jiheng, one of the important representatives of the independent thought poetry school in Qing Dynasty. "The Book of Songs General Theory" said: "It is ridiculous to be a friend, why should it be a man or a woman!" Modern scholars generally draw lessons from Zhu's theory and point out more clearly that this poem is a love poem. In all fairness, it is precisely because the text semantics of a poem is very simple that it is possible to explore its theme with greater freedom, just like the smaller the connotation of a concept, the greater the extension. Therefore, it is not advisable to deny a theory easily. In view of this, the author tends to understand this poem in a broader sense and regard it as a poem expressing deep affection through giving and answering.
The poem "Papaya" is very distinctive in both text and sentence structure. First of all, there is no typical sentence pattern in The Book of Songs-four sentences. It is not impossible to use four words (using four words will become "give me papaya (peach, plum) and give me Joan (Yao, Jiu); Bandits think that reporting is always good, but the author intentionally or unintentionally uses this sentence pattern to create a kind of ups and downs charm, and it is easy to achieve the effect of sound and emotion when singing. Secondly, statements have a very high degree of coincidence and overlap. Don't say that the last two sentences in each chapter are exactly the same, even the first two sentences are only one word apart, and although the meanings of the three words "Qiongju", "Qiongyao" and "Qiongjiu" are slightly different, according to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, papaya, "Mutao" and "Li Mu" belong to the same plant. The difference between the two is roughly the same. In this way, we might as well say that the three chapters are basically repetitive, and such a high degree of repetition is not much in the whole Book of Songs. The format looks like the music of Three Chapters of Yangguan written by Wang Weishi in Tang Dynasty, which is naturally determined by the duality of music and literature in The Book of Songs.
You give me fruit, and I give you jade in return, which is different from "returning a peach to a plum". The value you return is far greater than the value you get, which embodies a noble feeling of human beings (including love and friendship). This kind of emotion focuses on soul-to-heart, which is a spiritual fit. Therefore, the returned things and their value are actually symbolic here, showing the treasure of others for their family, so there is a saying that "bandits repay you." The deep meaning of "Give me papaya (peach and plum) and repay my gratitude with Qiong Cong (Yao Jiu)" is: Although you give me papaya (peach and plum), your affection is more expensive than Qiong Cong (Yao Jiu); I cannot thank you enough for your kindness. Qing Niu Yunzhen commented on this number of words in Shi Zhi: "There are better people than papaya, but taking papaya as a word is a way to set off a pattern; Qiong Yao was enough to report it, but she said that the bandit's report was a layer of stripping. "What he said is not unreasonable, but it is obvious that he takes things that have been basically abstracted, such as papaya and Qiong Yao, too seriously, and other people who interpret this poem seem to have this disease. In fact, the author is too broad-minded to measure the thickness at all. What he wants to express is that cherishing and understanding the feelings of others is the noblest affection. Ji Zi wrote a poem about a woman waiting for her lover in the pulpit. The whole poem consists of three chapters, using flashback technique. The first two chapters describe themselves as "I". Both Qing Ji and Qing Pei are based on lovers' costumes. The other person's clothes left such a deep impression on her that she couldn't forget it. I can imagine her longing for love. Now I can't go to the appointment because I am blocked, so I have to wait for my lover to pick me up. I can see through the autumn water, but I can't see a shadow. My deep love can't help but turn into melancholy and bitterness: even if I didn't go to see you, why can't you send a message? Even if I didn't come to you, why couldn't you come on your own initiative? The third chapter points out the location, and writes that she was upset by waiting for her lover to come, and walked back and forth, feeling that although she had not seen each other for only one day, it seemed as long as three months.
Wu Kaisheng said: "The old comment: The first two chapters are wonderful and touching. The last chapter is tone sandhi. " (The Meaning of Poetry Will Pass) Although it tells the beauty of the composition of this poem, it has not been well understood. The whole poem is less than 50 words, but the heroine's anxiety when waiting for her lover seems to be on the verge. This artistic effect is achieved because the poet used a lot of psychological descriptions in his creation. In the poem, only two words "pick" and "reach" are used to express a woman's actions, and words are mainly used to describe her psychological activities, such as the complaints of lovers in the first two chapters, and the monologue of "not seeing for a day is like March" in the last chapter. Two complaints, with "longitudinal me" and "Zi Ning" as the antithesis, are not without reservations in the sense of anxiety, giving birth to infinite reverie, which can be described as less words and more meanings. At the end, the inner loneliness, through exaggerated rhetoric skills, causes the contrast between subjective time and objective time, thus vividly showing its strong emotional psychology, which can be said to be amazing because of exaggeration and modification. Psychological description techniques developed incisively and vividly in the later literary world, and this poem is the first to trace the source. So Qian Zhongshu pointed out: "Ji Zi said,' Even if I don't go, Zi Ning won't send a message?' "Isn't Zi Ning coming?" Blame yourself and expect others. It was described in later novels. "The above information comes from the Internet.