What is the main difference between the soil on the moon and the soil on the earth?
The so-called lunar soil is actually a layer of sand. It may be more accurate to call it moon sand. Almost entirely formed by the impact of celestial bodies. Under the impact of small celestial bodies, the larger bedrock is constantly broken, mixed and overturned, and finally a sand layer with a thickness of several meters to ten meters is formed on the surface of the moon.
The average diameter of these grains of sand is about 100 micron (0. 1 mm), without any organic components. The main components are olivine, pyroxene, ilmenite, plagioclase and glassy substances. What? Glass? be
Why are there glass particles in the moon sample?
Generally speaking, glass is the product of modern industry. Could prehistoric civilization land on the moon? Of course not.
Through the telescope, we can see that the surface of the moon is covered with craters of different sizes, most of which were formed by the impact of early asteroids. Because the moon is not protected by the atmosphere, these small celestial bodies hit the surface of the moon at a speed of tens of kilometers to tens of kilometers per second. The impact will produce high temperature and high pressure, which will melt silicon dioxide and produce a large number of natural glassy substances.
In fact, the moon will still be hit by asteroids from time to time, but the frequency is not as high as in the early days, but every impact will produce glassy substances. Although the composition of lunar soil on the surface of the moon is different, the whole lunar soil usually contains glassy substances for billions of years.
In the nuclear test site, a large number of glassy substances may also be formed. The first atomic bomb exploded in the desert area of New Mexico, USA, with an explosive equivalent of nearly 20,000 tons of TNT! Hundreds of millions of degrees of high temperature melted the iron tower containing the atomic bomb, and the sand on the ground was sucked into the fireball to melt, and finally fell like raindrops.
It is said that people didn't notice this green glass stone at that time. Later, it was found that some glassy minerals were abnormally dispersed, and people even collected green glass fragments as souvenirs. Similar glass stones were formed in ground nuclear tests.
The United States sent brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, to visit China, and brought China a gift from President Carter: a moon rock sample with a mass of only1g. The moon rock sample was placed in a plexiglass and looked as big as a nail. The sample is divided into two parts: half of it is collected in Beijing Planetarium for public viewing; The other part is collected in public places. The other half was used for research, and the researchers even published more than a dozen important papers. We collected 173 1g samples from the moon. These samples were collected near Mount Ramke in the northern part of the moon's "storm ocean". This country has never been visited by other countries. This place has existed for about1300 million to 2 billion years. Obtaining the isotopic ages of these young basalts from previous basalts will help to enhance the understanding of lunar volcanic activity and evolution history.