Mozi's ideological proposition
Mozi, formerly known as Mo Cai, was born in the Song Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He is the founder of a hundred Mohists and the first farmer in China history.
He has many ideas, which ones are there? Love? 、? Non-attack? 、? Shang Xian? 、? Shang Tong? 、? Tianzhi? 、? Ming ghost? 、? Dead? 、? Unhappy? 、? Festival burial? 、? Save money? Ten propositions are the core of his thought, among which? Love? 、? Non-attack? The most famous.
? Love without attacking? It refers to fraternity and equality, and opposes all unjust wars aimed at plunder;
? Shangtong? It means that the king should appoint wise men, select wise men and improve their ability, work together with his subjects and implement a wise government;
? Ghost of Tian Zhiming? It means that heaven loves the people, and if the king cherishes his subjects, he will be rewarded. If the king is cruel and violates heaven, heaven will punish him;
? Unhappy? It means don't play music in daily life, so as not to affect the operation of the country. Although music sounds good, it will distract people's attention and affect their work. Courtiers handle political affairs, and kings manage the country.
? Dead? It means that people's fate is not fixed at birth, and everyone can live a rich life by their own diligence. The rise and fall of a country is not determined by nature, but is closely related to the administration of kings and courtiers;
? Save money for burial? It means that the funerals of kings and nobles should be simple and not extravagant. Kings and nobles should live frugally and simply. Mozi's ideas cover a wide range, including politics, military affairs, philosophy, science, education and so on.
Mozi's proposition was put forward from the standpoint of the vast majority of people, so it had a great influence among the civilians, so Mohism was listed as? Xianxue? . Mohism has also become the university school with the most opposition to Confucianism.
Mozi's thought of non-happiness
Mozi? Le Fei is the work of Mozi, a famous thinker in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This book is mainly about Mozi's starting from the poor, thinking that high-ranking people should not sing and dance every day, regardless of the life and death of the poor.
Mozi? There were three original * * * pieces, and now only the thirty-second "Flying to Shang Yue" has been kept, and the thirty-third and thirty-fourth pieces have been lost in the early Song Dynasty. Non-music, as its name implies, means banning music and opposing musical activities. Mozi was born as a farmer and later lived a poor life like ordinary people.
He believes that everything should be aimed at benefiting the country and the people, and the prevalence of music takes up the time for rulers to manage the world. And the equipment that people want to create music also increases the burden on the people and takes up their production time. So this meaningless activity should be banned. Mozi believes that the most important thing for people is to eat and wear warm clothes, and music can neither change their present situation, nor fill their stomachs, nor make them no longer cold. The most important thing is that music cannot stop the war. On the contrary, because the rulers crave pleasure, they delay the management of the country, and the ultimate victims are ordinary working people. Where is Mozi's thought? Love? On this basis, Le Fei fully reflected his thoughts and played a very important role in the turbulent and war-torn society at that time.
Mozi's works mostly start from the people at dawn, telling their sufferings and opposing the war, so his thoughts are very popular with the people. However, at that time, the superior people all won by force, so they didn't pay special attention to him.
Zhuangzi's Evaluation of Mozi
Mozi was a very famous thinker in ancient China, and many of his thoughts advocated benevolence. Don't influence future generations with luxury, don't waste everything, don't show off manners, and use your former residence to encourage yourself to cope with social difficulties. Zhuangzi thought Mozi's ideological intention was desirable, but he advocated Mozi? Love without attacking? Be harmonious but different, be eager to learn, live without beer and skittles, and die without mourning. These ideas are very inconsistent.
Zhuangzi believes that if a person's emotions can't be expressed normally, it is against human nature and is not desirable. Secondly, Zhuangzi thinks that Mozi said that people should work hard before they die, and don't have a grand burial after they die. This is not only extremely difficult to achieve, but also violates the way of life of the people all over the world, which is unacceptable to them. Even if Mozi can do it himself, he is helpless to others. Breaking away from the world is inconsistent with the kingly way that Mozi has always advocated. Third, the people behind him disapprove of Mozi's excessive self-suffering.
But Zhuangzi affirmed Mozi's talent and love for the world. In The World, Zhuangzi commented: Mozi really cares about the world. Even though he is poor, he still won't give up his idea. This is the real man of insight.
Zhuangzi believes that Mozi's spirit of caring for the world and being hard-working is noble if he only restrains his own behavior, but it is not advisable for Mozi to apply it to everyone, because everyone has his own pursuit and cannot impose ideas that do not belong to him.
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