Liu Yuxi introduced:
Liu Yuxi (772-842), born in Pengcheng and Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong, and was a censor. He is a member of the Wang Reform School. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, during which he wrote the famous "Han Shou Chun Wang".
Liu Yuxi's Thought and Its Practical Significance
Liu Yuxi's unique experience is inevitably reflected in his poems, such as "Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree" ("The First Banquet in Yangzhou"), "How can I celebrate the New Year when I am unhappy" ("Missing the Old Night"), "This place is not my place, so I will be idle for another year" ("Thinking of my friends in the mountains"), "Last night I was a phoenix. In this way, he lost his political future and had no choice but to escape into Zen and seek comfort in despair. In Liu Yuxi's poems, there are many works of chorus with religious figures. For example, where in "The Mourning of Fujian South Willow" is a monk who became a monk in Jiujiang. Others, such as "worshipping the Zen master on Zhushan Mountain", "sending Lu to Songshan Mountain" and "sending Zen master Shen to visit Nanyue Mountain". There are about 20 poems about this subject in Liu Yuxi's Poems of the Whole Tang Poetry. Therefore, although Liu Yuxi holds a materialistic philosophy, the "idealism" of Buddhist thought still occupies a very important position, especially after vicissitudes. Therefore, the Buddhist concepts of "cause and effect", "karma" and "emptiness" inevitably deeply influenced Liu Yuxi, especially the concept of "emptiness" can help him transcend all kinds of losses and pains in real life, dispel his sadness and depression, and reach an illusory state of mind with free and easy spirit. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, when Buddhism developed, after Zen Buddhism blended with Confucianism and Taoism, it showed the philosophical, free and unrestrained ideological characteristics of "pure heart, since the enlightenment", which was the only way for literati to extricate themselves. For example, the poem "White Yang is hollow, round and quiet" in Mirror Mill and the poem "Color is my treasure, wisdom does not hinder" in Zen Master are full of Zen meaning and Zen meaning. " I said that autumn is better than spring, and "cranes in the clear sky row clouds, and poetry attracts Bixiao" ("Autumn Ci"), which is optimistic and bold.
From the above analysis, we can see that Liu Yuxi's thought is a typical thought of "entering the world with Confucianism and being born with Buddhism". This is a common feature of literati since Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially those with unsatisfactory official career. In other words, Liu Yuxi, who was deeply educated by Confucian orthodoxy, had the ambition to manage the family, rule the country and level the world from an early age. Therefore, it is natural for him to actively participate in Wang's political reform; Therefore, it shows the qualities of fortitude, strong will, full of fighting spirit, and unwilling to go with the flow because of the influence of Confucianism. At the same time, after the failure of political reform, his long-term demotion made him suffer from bureaucratic struggle and political darkness. However, influenced by Buddhism, he is not pessimistic, decadent and desperate, but always encourages himself with an optimistic and enterprising spirit and works hard.
This kind of thought is also very prominent in My Humble Room Inscription. Through the description of outdoor scenery, indoor people and indoor objects, this paper melts such a humble "master" image: or indulge in doing bad things with people of insight, talking and laughing; Or fiddle with the strings, spread out the scrolls, and recite the scriptures. There are no worldly things, let alone fame and fortune. In an elegant and moving environment, quietism does everything it can. Therefore, although the author lives in a humble room, he does not feel humble, and the feeling of self-satisfaction is vividly on the paper.
It is not difficult to see that although the author failed to participate in the political reform and was relegated, the Confucian ideal of "saving the world at the same time" failed to be realized, but because of his profound Buddhist cultivation, he was not negative and pessimistic. On the contrary, he still expressed his ambition by quoting Confucius' words, thus expressing the author's interest in moral integrity and poverty and happiness, which implied a deeper meaning. As the saying goes, "if you are rich, you will help the world, and if you are poor, you will be immune." There are both, and they taste different when mixed together.
To sum up, the ideological connotation of Humble Room Ming is also a complex and artistic presentation of Liu Yuxi's thought, and its noble character and elegant taste are worth learning from. However, we should also see that, after all, different times and social backgrounds have their normal historical limitations. Toler said: human beings have experienced three times, one is the agricultural age, the other is the industrial age, and then knowledge is power, that is, knowledge is the economic age. Liu Yuxi and his Humble Room Inscription are undoubtedly the products of the first era. In today's reform and opening up, we can't and can't enjoy ourselves in a humble room like Liu Yuxi, but we can't abandon his idea of pursuing the perfection of personality until death, which is the foundation of human's "standing". In addition, there is no need to be sad and depressed for temporary gains and losses, so the chance of success will often be particularly favored by you. This is also the inspiration brought by the author.
Liu Yuxi's life story
Early life
Liu Yuxi, whose ancestors were Liu Liang, the son and seventh ancestor of Lady Jia, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, served as the secretariat of Jizhou in the Northern Dynasty and moved to Luo with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Father Liu Xu moved to Suzhou to avoid the Anshi Rebellion. Liu Yuxi was born in the seventh year of Dali (772). His father and ancestors were petty bureaucrats. His father Liu Xu was an official in Jiangnan, where Liu Yuxi spent his adolescence. He began to study Confucian classics and write poems at an early age. He was clever and diligent, and was once influenced by famous poems at that time.
In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790) 19 years old, Liu Yuxi studied in Luoyang, Chang 'an and other places, enjoying a high reputation among scholars.
Zhenyuan nine years (793), and Liu Zongyuan tied for Jinshi, the same year for Hongci Jinshi. Two years later, I went to the official department to take an examination of the scholar department, and was placed as a prince school book. Ding You soon stayed at home. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), Du You appointed Liu Yuxi as our ambassador, taking Huainan as the ambassador and Xu Sihao as the ambassador. Later, Du You returned to Yangzhou. Du You wrote many forms during his stay in the curtain.
In the eighteenth year of Zhenyuan (802), he was transferred to the main book of Weinan County, Jingzhao Prefecture, and soon transferred to supervise the imperial history. At that time, both Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan worked in Yushitai, and the three became friends and had a very close relationship.
A life of relegation
In the first month of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Tang Dezong died of illness and Shunzong acceded to the throne. Wang He and Wang Lai, the attendants of two former princes, are famous for their ambition to reform graft and are trusted by Shunzong to enter the center. Liu Yuxi and Wang are good friends, and his talents and ambitions are highly valued by his uncle. Therefore, he was appointed Yuan Wailang, sentenced to a salt and iron case, and participated in the management of state finances. During this period, Liu Yuxi's political enthusiasm was extremely high, and together with Liu Zongyuan, he became the core figure of the reformists. Liu Liu, the "two kings" group took many progressive measures during its short reign, but because the reform infringed on the interests of the buffer region, eunuchs and big bureaucrats, it soon failed under the joint counterattack of conservative forces. Shunzong was forced to give way to Prince Chun Li, and the king died. Wang Pi died after being demoted. Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan and other eight people were first demoted to Yuanzhou secretariat, and then to Sima Yuanzhou. This is the famous "Eight Sima Incident" in history. Go to Jiangling, and then demote Lianzhou (now Lianzhou City, Guangdong Province) to the secretariat. At the same time, eight people were demoted to distant Sima, which was called "Eight Sima" in history.
In December of Yuanhe 9 (865438+February 2005), Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan were recalled to Beijing.
In March of the 11th year of Yuanhe (865438+February 2007), Liu Yuxi wrote the poem "In the 11th year of Yuanhe, I was called to Beijing from Langzhou, and I gave a play to the gentlemen who looked at flowers", which offended the ruling and opposition parties and was released as the secretariat of Lianzhou. Liu Yuxi was exiled in Langzhou for nearly ten years. In the meantime, he created a lot of fable poems, expressed his great dissatisfaction with the powerful people of the current dynasty, and wrote many fu poems to express his ambition of being unwilling to be left behind. Because of his contact with local folk songs, he absorbed nutrition from them, and his poetry creation showed some new characteristics. During this period, he also wrote many philosophical papers, the most important of which was Three Essays on Heaven, which echoed Liu Zongyuan's Tian Shuo.
In December of the 9th year of Yuanhe (8 14), he returned to Beijing with Liu Zongyuan and others. However, he was soon banished to Bozhou, which is farther away, as a secretariat. Fortunately, with the help of Pei Du and Liu Zongyuan, he was changed to Lianzhou as a secretariat. Liu Yuxi stayed in Lianzhou for nearly five years.
In the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (8 19), he was able to leave because of his mother's death.
In the winter of the first year of Changqing (82 1), Liu Yuxi was appointed as the secretariat of Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Sichuan).
In the summer of the fourth year of Changqing (824), he was transferred to Hezhou (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) for secretariat.
In the second year of Bao Li's reign (826), he was transferred back to Luoyang and worked in Shangshu Province, the eastern capital. It has been 23 years since he was demoted for the first time.
Old age life
In the first year of Daiwa, Liu Yuxi was appointed Minister Du Dong. The following year, he returned to North Korea as the guest of honor, and Langzhong wrote "Wandering Du Xuanguan's quatrains", which showed his indomitable will after repeated blows. Later, officials from Suzhou, Ruzhou and Tongzhou made a secretariat. From the first year of Kaicheng (836), he was appointed as the guest and secretary of the prince to supervise Du Dong.
In the first year of Huichang (84 1), the collation department added the title of Shangshu. The world calls them Liu Binke and Liu Shangshu. In his later years, Liu Yuxi went to Luoyang, where he made friends with Bai Juyi, Pei Du and Wei Zhuang. Singing in harmony and living a leisurely life. Together with Bai Juyi, he left Bai Liu Songs and Bai Liu Songs Volume, and together with Bai Juyi and Pei Du, he left Ruoluo Songs Masterpieces. Since then, he has served as a bachelor of Jixian Temple, a doctor of rites, a secretariat of Suzhou, a secretariat of Ruzhou and a secretariat of Tongzhou, and finally divided the capital with the Prince.
Huichang died in Luoyang in the second year (842) at the age of 7 1 year. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Shangshu, and was buried in Xingyang, Henan (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou).
Brief introduction of Liu Yuxi
After Wang Jing of Zhongshan in Han Dynasty, his father was a small official. When Liu Yuxi was young, his father was an official in Jiangnan, so Liu Yuxi also grew up in Jiangnan water town. During this period, Liu Yuxi studied Confucianism hard. Because of his talent, he became famous at a young age.
Later, Liu Yuxi was admitted to Jinshi and entered the officialdom. Later, because his elder died, he went home to mourn. Later, at the age of 30, he was promoted to the imperial history, which happened to be an official with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan. Three people became good friends. Later, Liu Yuxi actively participated in politics and became an important figure of the reformists together with Wang, Liu Zongyuan and others. In the reform, they implemented many powerful policies, but because they touched the interests of the original class. After that, Liu Yuxi was recalled to Beijing several times, but it was not long before he was demoted to a local place. It was not until 23 years later that Liu Yuxi was able to return to Luoyang to settle down. In his later years, Liu Yuxi underestimated the fame and fortune in officialdom, and spent more energy on associating with friends and reciting poems, leaving many excellent works.
What kind of person is Liu Yuxi?
Liu Yuxi was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, and he had a high position in the literary world at that time. His poetry and prose have their own unique style, because Liu Yuxi has a lot of sadness in his heart all the year round. Under such a sad psychology, Liu Yuxi's works have a lot of sadness, but Liu Yuxi never despaired and always had the desire to fight.
Throughout Liu Yuxi's poetic career, many of his poems exposed the gloom and irony of state affairs at that time, which is also the reason why he was suppressed by the upper level again and again. However, such suppression did not discourage him, but increased his literati temperament. Liu Yuxi suffered many blows in his life and was once down and out, but he developed Liu Yuxi's optimistic attitude instead. Most of Liu Yuxi's poems are simple and fresh, with many philosophical colors, which may be related to his philosophical research. Liu Yuxi's study of Confucian classics is very in-depth, and he also has his own views on the thought of heaven and man. His thought shows obvious materialistic tendency and holds a more positive attitude towards the relationship between man and nature. Liu Yuxi also refuted the theory of Buddhism and Taoism that "nothingness" is the essence of the world since ancient times with natural research, and believed that everything has its own process of growth, not out of nothing.
Liu Yuxi is a famous poet in the history of China, and he has a high position in the literary world of the Tang Dynasty. His career was bumpy all his life, but he was repeatedly relegated in his prime. He worked as a local official and was able to return to Beijing to settle down in his later years. But this career also forged his indomitable character and optimistic attitude towards life, which made him devote more energy to the study of literary philosophy and made important contributions to the development of ancient literature and philosophy in China.
Liu Yuxi's personal data
Liu Yuxi (772-842), Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in China in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was Luoyang, a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong. He used to be a supervisor and member of the Wang Reform School. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, during which he wrote the famous "Han Shou Chun Wang".
Poetic style
Liu Yuxi and his poetic style are quite unique. He is resolute and full of heroism. During his years in exile, he really felt heavy psychological pain and sang a lamentation for lonely ministers. But he never despaired, he has the soul of a fighter; His poems, such as Inviting Beijing Opera from Langzhou in Yuanhe Decade, Visiting Du Xuanguan Jueju, Singing with a Hundred Tongues, Gathering Mosquitoes, Flying Kites and On Hua Tuo, have been repeatedly satirized.
all one's life
Liu Yuxi, born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou), was born in Luoyang, a famous poet, writer and philosopher in Tang Dynasty. Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are also called "Bai Liu". He was once a guest of the prince and was called Liu Bin. And Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Liu". He lived in Luoyang in his later years and sang with Bai Juyi, so he was called "Bai Liu". In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, he was promoted to the first place in imperial academy, entered the course of erudition and macro-speech, engaged in the Huainan shogunate, and served as the censor.
Former?Residence?
Since the Tang Dynasty, the humble room was expanded and rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 1986, the shack was restored by Hexian County, Anhui Province. In the same year, the humble room was approved by the provincial people's government as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, covering an area of more than 50 mu. In 2008, Anhui Hexian County invested10 million yuan to repair Liu Yuxi's former residence. Liu Yuxi wrote an article "Humble Room Inscription" about his former residence.
grave
The great poet Liu Yuxi was buried in Xingyang, Henan (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou) after his death. On the basis of Liu Yuxi's tomb, Xingyang Municipal Government invested heavily to build a large-scale cultural theme park covering an area of more than 280 mu-Liu Yuxi Park, which is open to the public free of charge. Liu Yuxi's tomb is located in the south highland of Liucun, Langwo, Erlipu Township (now Yulong Town) in the east of Xingyang City, and was called Tanshan in ancient times. The north of the tomb is about 70 meters away from the Zhengzhou-Shang Jie highway, facing south, and there is a circular mound.
memorial hall
Liu Yuxi Memorial Hall is located in Yanxi Mountain, lianzhou middle school, with cornices, arches and vermilion columns, showing the classical court architecture style of China. The antique and resplendent memorial hall, after careful display, is full of charm: the collocation of lights, murals, poems, bronze statues and other scenes sets off a rich and colorful sense of history.