First, the basic conditions of Japanese translation
1, with considerable Japanese ability.
If you want to successfully translate a Japanese article, you must first master Japanese. Otherwise, it is impossible to thoroughly understand the meaning and rhetorical function of each word in the original text, the function of each grammatical form in the original text, and even the ideological content and value of the original text. However, it is impossible to master Japanese overnight, and it needs to be experienced and mastered in constant translation practice. It can be said that translation is an excellent opportunity to improve language understanding and expression.
2. Have a high level of mother tongue.
Without good native language expression ability, it is difficult to accurately reproduce the original content. Mastering the mother tongue is the fundamental condition for accurately expressing the original text. If you don't know much about the expressive skills and rhetoric of your own language, it is impossible to accurately express a profound and thorough understanding of the original text. There is a complementary relationship between them. Only with a high level of mother tongue can we choose the most suitable words from our own language and express the original text accurately after repeated deliberation and consideration. Only in this way can the translated content have both form and spirit and meet the requirements of faithfulness and fluency. If the translator's mother tongue level is not high, he will make mistakes in translation, making the translated language boring and difficult to understand, thus failing to achieve the expected translation effect. The improvement of mother tongue level is gradually realized through the continuous accumulation and study of usual knowledge.
3. Rich knowledge accumulation
If you want to do a good job in Japanese translation, you must have rich knowledge as a guarantee. This requires students to acquire a lot of information about Japan's international, domestic, political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological aspects while learning Japanese knowledge. As we all know, China and Japan have a long history, many of which are in the same strain, and some areas are far apart with the difference of modern economic level. All the above contents need students to pay attention to accumulation in peacetime. Only by mastering a considerable amount of knowledge can the level and quality of translation be improved accordingly.
Second, the important conditions for Japanese translation
Translation is not only a knowledge, but also a skill. Flexible use of translation skills is an important condition for good Japanese translation.
1, to master the language law that Japanese is different from Chinese.
Although both Japanese and Chinese belong to Sino-Tibetan language family, they are quite different. Therefore, mastering the laws of two different languages, Japanese and Chinese, can make the translation not only faithful to the original Japanese, but also conform to the language habits of Chinese. For the most representative laws, the affirmation and negation of Japanese predicate verbs and sentence meanings often appear at the end of sentences. For example, the sentence "I won't go to the company" is called "わたしはへきません" in Japanese. The Japanese put the verb "go" at the back, while the negative expression "ません" appeared at the end of the sentence. In addition, we should pay special attention to Japanese "case auxiliary words", such as "に", "を" and "で", and each case auxiliary word has several uses. Take "ででで" as an example, it has the usage of expressing reasons, such as "sick eggplant pie をむ"; There are also usages to indicate the action location, such as "E room でをむむ I む"; It can also express the way and method of action, such as "バスでる", but its corresponding grammatical expression cannot be found in Chinese. There are many tenses in Japanese, which are expressed by morphological changes, such as "て" and "た ".However, there are not so many morphological changes in Chinese, only some adverbs such as" le ","Zeng "and" guo "are added. In addition to the above, there are many differences between Japanese and China people, and most of them have rules to follow. Once students master these language rules skillfully, the speed and accuracy of translation can be greatly improved.
2. Grasp the key words in translation.
The article consists of several sentences, and vocabulary is the individual who constitutes the sentence. Therefore, by grasping the key words of each sentence in translation, we can grasp the important information of that sentence. Specifically, train students to quickly grasp who did what or what happened from the messy content. So when and where. What is the final result. Take these important information as "points", that is, the key points, filter them first, and then use grammar knowledge, word collocation and other methods as "lines" to connect and combine these points, so that a sentence can be translated accurately.
3. Master the translation skills of long sentences
The most troublesome thing in translation is the translation of long sentences. In addition, in Japanese sentences, the subject and object are often omitted, which increases the difficulty of translating long sentences. Therefore, it is necessary to master certain skills in translating such sentences. Translation of Japanese long sentences can usually use the following skills:
A. disassembly and translation. It can also be called translation. This is the most commonly used translation method for translating Japanese long sentences. When translating long sentences, you can break the original structure of the sentence, that is, you don't need to translate a Japanese original into Chinese. At this time, it can be translated into two or more sentences as appropriate. If you stick to the length of the translated sentence, there will often be logical confusion in translation. Therefore, when translating long sentences with long modifiers and long Japanese sentences with inserted clauses, it is necessary to translate long Japanese sentences into several short Chinese sentences.
B, and translation. The method of combining several short sentences into a long sentence is called simultaneous translation. When translating, we should recombine the translated sentences according to the specific relationship between the upper and lower short sentences, and we don't have to stick to the punctuation marks of the original text to draw a full stop. This translation method is suitable for the translation of long sentences with juxtaposition, intermediate sentences, causality and turning points.
C. additions and deletions in translation. In order to make the translation more faithful to the original and more in line with the language habits of the translation, words or sentences that are not in the original, redundant or unnecessary are often added or deleted in the translation.
D. reverse translation. Because Japanese and Chinese have different grammatical rules and language expression habits, word order can be exchanged in translation, which is more common in the translation of Japanese novels.
4. Japanese translation should pay attention to logical thinking.
A translation scholar has comprehensively summarized the role of logical thinking in the whole translation process. He said: "after learning logic, the translator can estimate which parts are clear and which parts are meaningful;" In terms of choosing words and making sentences, logic is also a compass that points the way. " All in all. Logic is the reflection of people's way of thinking in language. Every nation in the world has its own unique way of thinking, so every language has its own internal logic. As a kind of thinking activity and language activity, logic is bound to play an important role in language translation. In Japanese-Chinese translation, the logical thinking of translation is a way to determine the hierarchical treatment and structural arrangement of translated sentences according to the inherent logical relationship of the original sentences. It can help students complete two major tasks: analysis, understanding and comprehensive expression. Logical analysis is mainly at the stage when the translator understands the original text. This is a reverse process of tracing back to the original author's logical thinking, which is helpful for students to obtain the connotation of the original text in a specific context. Logical synthesis is mainly in the stage of organizing translation and expressing the original text. It is a process in which students choose the structural form of the target language and express the implicit and explicit logical relationship in the original text. They cross each other and complement each other.
As we all know, Japanese sentences take predicates as the core, and the main structure is prominent, and other subordinate relations and modifying relations in the sentences are all around this main structure. Therefore, the semantic and logical relationship between the components of a sentence is relatively clear, which is manifested in the frequent use of case auxiliary words and various clauses derived from continuous auxiliary words in Japanese. Chinese emphasizes parataxis, and sentences are stated item by item in chronological order, and the whole sentence is organized in sections. Therefore, the semantic relationship of Chinese sentences is relatively implicit. In the form of expression, Chinese often uses verbs to form several short sentences that seem to have a parallel relationship. The differences between Japanese and Chinese sentence patterns determine the importance of logical judgment in Japanese-Chinese translation. When translating Japanese into Chinese, correct logical judgment is helpful to understand the complex logical relations contained in the tone of Japanese original text, including causality, turning point, condition, purpose, contrast, juxtaposition, time sequence, hypothesis and so on.
In a word, to do a good job in Japanese translation, one must have a considerable Japanese language ability and a high level of Chinese expression, which is a basic and necessary ability. On the other hand, mastering flexible translation skills can get twice the result with half the effort. Only by combining the two can we reach the highest level of translation, "faithfulness and elegance".