First of all, we should pay attention to the characteristics of materials: a single material should grasp its main idea as a whole; Many materials should find out their similarities and differences, so as to grasp the center; Metaphorical materials should understand their metaphorical meaning; Material containing philosophical fable should grasp their meanings. By grasping that theme (that is, the intentional tendency and emotional tendency of the material),
The methods are as follows: 1. Grasp the key sentences or suggestive language in the material; Second, we should pay attention to the classification of materials, summarize the meanings of layers, and comprehensively analyze the basic viewpoints of materials; Third, we should use the correct point of view to make correct judgments on positive and negative materials.
For example:
Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.
black
The tortoise and the rabbit race. Because the rabbit was very proud, the tortoise unexpectedly won the competition. Knowing this, the butterfly also wants to compete with the tortoise. After thinking about it, the tortoise accepted the butterfly's challenge, but he made a request: "I"
You can only crawl, but you can also fly. Let's compare 60 meters, 20 meters to drill a circle, 20 meters to drill a river and 20 meters to plant flowers. "Butterfly agreed. At the beginning of the game, the butterfly had drilled a circle and flew over the river, but when she came to the flowers, she
I saw beautiful flowers, smelled the sweetness of nectar and met beautiful companions. Look at this time, the turtle didn't even drill the circle, and the butterfly was relieved. She was having more and more fun among the flowers and forgot the game.
Unexpectedly, the tortoise has drilled through the circle, crossed the flowers and quietly reached the finish line.
For some people, it is difficult to cross the river, but for some people, flowers are the most difficult to cross.
Ask for the right angle, clear thinking, choose your own style and draw up your own title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.
This fable is very rich in connotation. To accurately grasp the meaning of materials, we can think from the following aspects:
1. Why can the tortoise win the race?
2. Why do butterflies wander among flowers?
3. Contact with real life. What does it mean to drill a circle across the river? What is a flower?
4. Why can butterflies get through the circle and fly over the river quickly, but not through the flowers?
Guide:
Based on this, we can make up our minds that we should have a big goal and a big direction in our life. The tortoise can win the competition because it can afford it.
Always remember your big goal. Butterflies give up halfway because they can't get rid of the temptation of something and lose their way.
When writing, you can think as a whole and explore the details. There are many things worth thinking about. You must write your personal understanding.
The second step is to understand the requirements of material composition, grasp the main idea of raw materials, extract a correct theme (that is, viewpoint) and establish the center (that is, argument).
owner
A single material can be conceived according to the material, such as the second composition we met in the exam (the conception should start with "unification"). Rich materials can be conceived from multiple angles, namely divergent thinking and multi-faceted conception (for example,
Generally speaking, a material can be examined from at least two angles: there are often several people in the material of "one thing with many people"
Angle of investigation; There are many reasons for the material of "an event", and there are often several perspectives when there are several reasons. An event has several different perspectives according to its background and writing purpose. In this link, you can
Consider divergence from the following three directions: ① Transverse divergence: that is, extending analogy and association from the basic theme of materials, so as to compare and seek common ground and see which things or phenomena have similar or related properties, or this truth can be
To something or a phenomenon. ② Vertical divergence: that is, the social phenomena or facts expressed in the research materials are traced from the outside to the inside, seeking the causal relationship of the development and change of things, and grasping the universality and depth reflected by them.
The truth of sculpture. 3 reverse divergence: that is, from right to wrong, think in the opposite direction of things, and ask more what will happen if you don't. With the theme excavated from the above angles, you should choose the best angle and thinking to write.
sequence
Three steps, some students will write the composition of this exam as an argumentative paper (we satirize this kind of article as "four unlike" articles), but it is not bad to want to write an argumentative paper. We chose a lot of argumentative papers in the last textbook, but none.
However, you should master some methods-
Next, discuss (write a transitional paragraph or sentence before writing this theory). Generally speaking, first of all, we should discuss the central argument positively, reveal the positive truth, and then give positive examples to demonstrate "why and what are the benefits"
After that, it is best to demonstrate "why not" from negative examples and give negative examples to demonstrate. (3) "hook" with reality, deepen the center (mainly social or personal reality, select typical materials from life.
One-step demonstration of the central argument) .4 "knot", summarize and coordinate, solve problems (you can coordinate materials or start, start, summarize, sublimate, call, etc. This formula can be used, but don't make it into a new eight-part essay.
Material composition is a form of composition in which materials are analyzed and refined according to established materials, so as to obtain certain opinions and opinions. There are both limitations of proposition composition and freedom of self-made topic composition. Not only can you check
Students' ability to write as required also provides students with a broad space to fully demonstrate their writing ability. Because of its flexibility, richness and keeping pace with the times, this propositional form of composition is highly praised by propositional composition teachers.
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Throughout recent years, composition questions for senior high school entrance examinations are indispensable all over the country.
The first composition we met in the exam was the second one of the two choices in the senior high school entrance examination in Henan Province in 2009.
material
The sources and forms of materials provided by the composition are various, either fables, historical facts, poems, cartoons, famous sayings, current events, news published in newspapers and magazines, etc. These materials
Sometimes it is a single material, sometimes it is a group of materials. Material composition contains a wide range of contents. According to the requirements of the topic, it can be written in narrative, explanation, discussion and other styles, and some even require writing an article.
After reading it, some asked to write an argumentative essay from the perspective of material selection, some asked to write an explanatory text based on pictures and attached drawings, some asked to continue writing with the provided materials as the beginning, or to expand and abbreviate according to the materials.
Third,
Writing a good composition is also a key, and the composition should be accurate. Because the material itself is loose and compact, its meaning is understood by readers themselves, which leads to the diversity of understanding.
Sex is allowed as long as it conforms to the theme of the material and the intention of the proposer. But the problem is that many candidates can't accurately grasp the information conveyed by the materials. In order to accurately grasp the theme, it is necessary to refine and integrate the materials, that is,
Extract the essence of those * * * things in the material, but you can't judge them at will or post subjective ideas. The theme and intention of general materials are relatively easy to distinguish, while the theme and intention of moral materials are relatively easy to distinguish.
It is not so easy to distinguish, because their themes and intentions are hidden and not exposed. Only by understanding and analyzing its meaning in a deeper level can we correctly grasp the theme and intention. Many students will write this exam composition like this.
The topic of sharing and unity is strength. It's too big and dull. I can't find the center and shining place of your article. How can I avoid this situation?
Reading materials carefully and thoroughly is a key step in writing a good composition. If you don't accurately grasp the main idea of the material, the composition you write will be off topic and off topic. There are several ways to grasp the main idea of the article.
1, pay attention to the title of the material. Some article titles are the theme of the article.
2. Pay attention to the beginning and end of the material. Some articles point out the center of the article at the beginning or end, especially at the end.
3. Pay attention to the lyric and argumentative sentences in the materials. Questioners often point out the center of the article with the help of lyric and argumentative sentences.
4、
Pay attention to the requirements or tips behind the materials. For example, there is a material composition at the back of the original text, which puts forward such a requirement. "We are very inspired by reading the material. Please talk about one of them (such as success or failure, temptation and opportunity).
If-
There are three fields of writing, and you can write a composition according to one of them.
At the same time, we should grasp the idea of material composition examination. Examination is the key to the success or failure of composition examination. Because there is less time for the composition examination in the senior high school entrance examination, the examination is unnecessary.
It may take too much time. Therefore, it is necessary to concentrate the materials with complicated expressions and try them as soon as possible. What do you choose? What kind of expression methods are mainly used? How to embody the idea of the article? Wait, that place.
The reason for this is that composition materials can often be written from different angles, determine different ideas, choose different writing methods and seek different ideas. Secondly, we should pay attention to other requirements of the topic. There are often composition questions.
To understand the implication of "style is not limited, except poetry", we need to pay attention to two points: first, the so-called "unlimited" generally means that there is a lot of room for choosing a style when conceiving, but once a certain style is selected, it has been written in detail.
Cheng, you should follow the basic pattern of a certain style, and you can't write an argumentative essay that doesn't look like an argumentative essay or a narrative essay that doesn't look like a "four unlike" article. Finally, you should read carefully and grasp the main idea of material composition. Some students take the exam.
This composition scored high in the exam, but some scores were very low. Why low? Look at my explanation below and you will know:
Fourth, the writing of material composition "four taboos".
1, avoid shelving materials, "the other.
The stove. " Although both material composition and topic composition have materials, they are treated in different ways. The topic composition emphasizes relevance, and the materials can be used or not; Materials The materials provided by the composition are the basis of writing, including pregnancy.
With the main idea of the article, the material must appear in the article. Many candidates are used to writing essays on topics, which leads to the neglect of materials in the composition of materials, thus "starting a new stove". For example, some students plan to write "Rebellion also needs tracks"
Almost incomprehensible. How can I get high marks?
2. Don't follow the instructions. The test questions of material composition generally include two parts, one is the material and the other is the writing requirements. Writing requirements can be mentioned.
Signs appear, or "Requirements" and "Attention" are listed separately. When reviewing the questions, we should not only thoroughly understand the materials, but also make clear the specific requirements of writing and write according to the instructions of the questions. Don't ignore the requirements or can't see clearly, just write 1000 words.
Words, but digression Wan Li.
Don't refine your opinions inaccurately. The main idea of material composition comes from material. If the ideas extracted by candidates deviate from the connotation of the materials, it will directly lead to the failure of the composition, that is, "What can I do without fur?" .
4、
Don't ignore the key sentences in the material. As a material composition, each material has key sentences, but some are not obvious. The key sentences in the paragraph are either the finishing touch or the outline, and some candidates are over-adjusted.
The main idea of the material ignores the key sentences and it is difficult to write a wonderful article. First, we should make clear the difference between material composition and topic composition. The difference between material composition and topic composition is that topic composition only provides one topic and material.
Only leads to the topic, not the writing. Material composition provides certain material, such as a poem, a fable, one or several allusions, a story, several famous sayings and aphorisms, one or several paintings, which is a reference to some real life.
The introduction of phenomena, the summary of some social viewpoints, the design of a specific situation, etc. It is required to write according to the materials provided and in accordance with the requirements of the topic and the prescribed ideas.
Finally, I want to say that some of our students rushed to write in order to seize the time during the exam without careful consideration of the materials; Even misinterpreting the materials provided, the result is naturally "haste makes waste", which inevitably leaves regrets.
During the exam, some students scored very low in composition and even wanted to talk to me about it. I don't think you need to worry. Look at some problems I found in this exam, and you will understand why your score is low:
First, in the process of writing a composition, some students digress without thinking deeply.
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The success or failure of the text depends on the intention, and digression is the most fatal "injury" of the composition in the examination room. There are often two kinds of problems in the examination of the topic. One is to completely abandon the topic (topic, material) and start a new stove, which leads to digression. The other is
Do sth unconventional or unorthodox, find another way, leading to the deviation of the topic Grasp the "three meanings" in examining questions. First, to understand the literal meaning: accurately understanding the literal meaning (especially keywords) of the topic (topic, material) is the first step to understand the theme; material
Material composition and topic composition, the text of the topic is generally more, which requires careful reading, correct understanding and comprehensive grasp. Second, we must thoroughly understand the extended meaning: the extended meaning is included in the topic and requires candidates to have a certain degree of recognition.
Knowledge level and analytical ability can be perceived; The extended meaning of a topic includes figurative meaning and symbolic meaning. Third, we should understand the meaning of hints: some topics are accompanied by hints, which are a hint to the candidates by the proposer and are for the candidates.
Examine the questions and start the steps of laying ideas; Regardless of the length of the prompt, candidates should attach great importance to it, read it carefully, ponder it carefully, and actively get inspiration from it. After reviewing the meaning of the questions, candidates should learn to write in the text.
Constantly deduce and punctuate the topic, so as to achieve "one step at a time" and "if she just turns her head and smiles, there will be hundreds of spells cast"
Second, individual students have different styles.
Material composition generally requires "three selves"-angle selection, style selection and topic selection.
Self-design. The openness of style creates conditions for candidates to make full use of their strengths and avoid weaknesses, and students can give full play to their advantages. However, many students mistakenly think that "downplaying style" means not wanting style, which leads to the writing of articles that are neither fish nor fowl:
Writing argumentative essays, unlike argumentative essays, does not know how to ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems; When writing a narrative, people, places, things, times and things are unclear; When writing prose, the clues are unclear and the form is scattered. Hold your head until the end, and you won't.
Things, so that the "four unlike" composition that is neither donkey nor horse can only be below three volumes. At the same time, don't rush to write poetry. Candidates are advised to publicize my advantages according to their own preferences.
Third, the topic is simple.
The title is
The eyes of the article. A good title can often play a leading role. In the exam, a composition without a topic will be deducted in principle. In fact, an untitled composition is not a complete article, which will affect the list of topics.
Yes, the marking teacher will think that you lack the most basic things, which will create a psychological distance, increase the points unconsciously, and the candidates may lose more points. I suggest you get into the habit of writing titles first.
The habit of writing the text later, and the title should be written in the middle position, and at the same time, you should read carefully after writing the article, which is also an effective way to avoid this kind of "hard injury".
Fourth, some students' compositions have a long beginning and a long ending, and even have a postscript.
this
This kind of "hard injury" is manifested in the deviation from the basic requirements of "crown leopard tail", the opening is slow, and the main idea can not be pointed out for a long time; The ending was long and grumbling. The beginning and the end should be concise. Generally speaking, every movie
The score should not exceed one tenth of the total number of words in the article, so as to fully ensure the richness of "streaky pork". It is suggested that the beginning of the article be straight to the point, which is "the first song of glory" in Liu Xie's words, and "please come out" by borrowing proverbs.
The Buddha is coming. " At the end, or make the finishing point and close the full text; Still taking care of the beginning, the structure is rigorous; Or quote poetry, touch and sublimate; Or lyrical freehand brushwork, memorable; Or ask questions to inspire people's thoughts.
5. The quoted example or poem is inaccurate.
exist
Some students are arrogant and ridiculous when correcting papers. Suggestions: First, strengthen the usual accumulation and avoid making common sense mistakes as much as possible; The second is to try to avoid such things as "I have seen such a story on TV or heard of it."
It was a story in the third grade of primary school ... "A big offer; Thirdly, if you can't remember the quoted poems and phrases clearly, candidates can translate them freely, and even if they make mistakes, they will certainly be understood by the marking teacher.
6. Some students are extreme and criticize at will.
In adolescence, you are impulsive and extreme, and you say "excessive words" in an arbitrary tone. When writing a composition in the exam, I suggest you write it with a peaceful and dialectical attitude, so that what you write will look atmospheric and give people a calm feeling, and the teacher will feel comfortable after reading it. Don't be biased. That will make your composition look childish and ridiculous.
Seven, the roll surface is messy.
roll
Noodles are your "meeting gift" to the marking teacher. Some students usually develop the bad habit of scribbling, and the surface of composition paper is always sketched and altered to be dirty and ugly: some handwriting is scrawled and illegible; A little confused.
The handwriting is illegible. Judging from the actual situation of marking, a composition with standard, correct, beautiful and neat volume will win the favor of the marking teacher from the beginning, and the marking teacher will not explain some unprincipled problems.
On the contrary, although the article has a clear point of view, vivid plot, fluent language and beautiful writing style, it is very difficult for people to look at, and the final score will never exceed the prescribed writing score. In addition, don't write with a multi-color pen, the font is not suitable.
Punctuation marks should occupy cases, regardless of size.
Eight, the number of words should not be extraordinary.
The so-called extremely large number of words means too few or too many words. Some students write a thousand words at once, which can't fit in the box, giving people a bloated and complicated feeling. The solution to this problem is to make full use of the space given by the test paper, neither writing too much nor writing too little.
Nine, some students think that as long as they write, the teacher will give points, so there is not much time left to rush to write.
In the Chinese exam, sometimes the examinee often ignores the reasonable arrangement of time because of mental stress, which leads to the half-finished composition and becomes a "fragment". It is recommended that you finish your composition on time and strictly control the simulation of the examination room composition within 40 minutes.