Through the practice of physics teaching, we actively explore the teaching and learning methods of physics courses in senior high schools to promote students' all-round development and improve their scientific literacy, and strive to implement the concept and goal of improving students' scientific literacy. This paper analyzes the favorable factors and unfavorable reasons that affect the scientific literacy level of middle school students, and studies a series of countermeasures to cultivate middle school students' scientific literacy, which provides a certain basis for seeking ways and methods to improve middle school students' scientific literacy. (Excerpted from Henan Distance Education and Training) First, the new physics curriculum in senior high school should adopt inquiry teaching method [1] Traditional education thinks that knowledge is passively accepted; The learning process of knowledge is mainly a memory process; The study of knowledge is socially compulsory. Traditional physics learning is based on human objectivity, passivity and dependence, ignoring human initiative, initiative and independence, and students' learning state is always in a passive acceptance state. Physics is an experimental subject, and the elaboration of knowledge and the construction of theory are obtained through scientific inquiry. Therefore, scientific inquiry should be put in the first place in the physics teaching of the new curriculum. A large number of inquiry topics are given in curriculum standards and textbooks, which focus on introducing problems from natural and life phenomena, discovering laws through inquiry, and then introducing the application of knowledge in life and production. Pay attention to infiltrate the main links of scientific inquiry into different chapters, so that students can learn physical knowledge and skills, experience the process of inquiry and learn the methods of inquiry in the process of scientific inquiry. Pay attention to the infiltration between disciplines and the integration of humanistic spirit and natural science, so that students can learn the spirit and attitude of science, objectively understand the social function of science and establish a correct view of science. Physical science inquiry is fundamentally different from previous physical experiments. The main difference is that in previous experiments, teachers or textbooks all drew a single path from the question to the conclusion, and students only operated it once, with the emphasis on verifying the experiment. Scientific inquiry is to let students use their hands and brains, find and solve problems by themselves, and finally write a simple experimental report. The main goal is to cultivate students' scientific literacy and choose the knowledge that best reflects educational value as the course content. At the same time, the latest progress of physical science is introduced into the course, such as nanotechnology, superconductivity, fast breeder reactor, controllable thermonuclear reaction, etc. Therefore, teachers should establish the idea that inquiry teaching runs through the whole process of physics teaching in senior high schools, and create problem situations for students to participate in inquiry personally, which will become the highlight of physics teaching in the future. Second, physics experiments should run through the new physics curriculum teaching in senior high schools. In short, in physics teaching in senior high schools, teachers should actively develop experimental projects suitable for teaching, make full use of experimental resources to do experiments, and advocate using ordinary things that are readily available around them to do physics experiments. Third, organically integrate the education of physics history into the teaching of physics courses. The new physics curriculum standard is formulated around the national education policy, aiming at improving the scientific literacy of the people. The core of scientific literacy is the emotional attitude and values of the educated towards science. The history of physics takes the history of the dialogue between human beings and the material world as the research object, and integrates the natural science related to physics with the multidisciplinary knowledge related to the development of human thought and social history. It is a comprehensive discipline closely intersecting natural science, humanities, social science and thinking science. Through how successful scientists think and explore when they encounter difficulties in achieving their goals, this paper describes the joy and pain, success and failure of physicists in exploring science, so that the educated can be spiritually infected, their sentiments can be cultivated, their will can be tempered, their appreciation ability can be improved, the relationship between man and nature and society can be correctly understood, and their passionate feelings can form a distinction and passion for beauty and goodness, thus making students' hearts develop harmoniously. In order to infiltrate the education of physics history into physics teaching, teachers must pay attention to solving three problems: first, the story of physics history should be organically combined with the study of physics knowledge, so as not to make students feel that it is an additional part of physics curriculum; In addition, the learning problem of physics history stories put forward by teachers will certainly provide students with a learning situation and inquiry process; Thirdly, the teaching design adopts the method of students' extracurricular research to solve the contradiction of less teaching hours and more learning time in the history of science. The history of physics plays a unique role in cultivating students' emotional attitudes and values because of its content characteristics and rich educational factors. Therefore, in senior high school physics teaching, it is one of the important ways to integrate physics history education into curriculum teaching instead of becoming an additional part of physics curriculum teaching. Fourth, carry out extracurricular activities in physics to cultivate students' scientific literacy and sentiment. Physics extracurricular activities mainly include small experiments, small productions, small inventions, small papers and physics games. Psychology tells us that the abstract logical thinking of junior high school students has dominated, and it is possible to initially understand the dialectical thinking of the unity of contradictions and opposites. From the second day of junior high school, students' abstract logical thinking changed from empirical to theoretical. In senior high school, divergent thinking became active and they were not convinced of the existing answers. Therefore, it is very beneficial to develop their logical thinking to carry out extracurricular activities in physics. Through these extracurricular activities, they enhanced their impression, deepened their memory, cultivated their interest in science, promoted the development of their scientific research ability, and naturally got the education of scientific literacy in the activities they were interested in. 5. It is very effective to give lectures on physics and infiltrate the cultivation of scientific literacy. It will broaden students' knowledge, cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems and cultivate scientific literacy. Lectures can reduce students' reading time and get a lot of information. Generally speaking, there are two forms to cultivate students' scientific literacy through lectures: (1) infiltration in lectures; (2) Special lectures. The content of the lecture can choose suitable topics according to the teaching content and students' characteristics, such as physical knowledge related to production and life and widely used, physical knowledge related to social development, social hot issues related to science and technology, achievements and frontier issues of physical development, etc. Through these lectures, students' sense of social responsibility is cultivated, and their humanistic quality is also improved. Intransitive verbs strengthen students' self-learning ability and information ability, which is particularly important for lifelong education advocated today. Information socialization and social informatization are important features of the times. In the process of scientific research, people have to deal with a lot of information and need to communicate effectively with others. Therefore, in order to cultivate students' scientific literacy, we should attach importance to cultivating students' ability to obtain and evaluate information in physics teaching. It can be said that the ability to acquire and process information reflects the level of scientific literacy. Modern media contains a lot of scientific and technological information. Teachers should guide students to collect useful educational resources and link different types of resources more closely to serve the cultivation of comprehensive scientific literacy. Teachers can recommend some information sources to students, such as popular science websites, popular science books, TV science and education programs, etc. Teachers can also train students' ability by organizing some scientific papers to write and collecting scientific news. Through such training, students' scientific literacy and other abilities will be gradually improved. 7. Pay attention to the relationship between physics, technology and society. At the end of 1970s, a new paradigm of science education movement-STS education movement was set off in the western science education field. Abbreviation of English for Science, Technology and Society. STS education reflects the reform trend of science education in the world today, and also reveals the essence of science teaching. Emphasizing students' understanding of the interaction and function between science, technology and society, emphasizing the application of science and technology in social production, life and development, and cultivating students' awareness of paying attention to society can solve social problems brought about by scientific and technological development with correct values and methods. Cultivating scientific literacy in the study of modern physics knowledge Physics is a practical science, which is closely related to agricultural production and daily life. In teaching, teachers should combine the specific teaching content, closely link with the actual production and life, and highlight the practicality and timeliness of knowledge. Therefore, effectively imparting modern physics knowledge in physics teaching is a new way to improve students' scientific literacy. With the rapid update and development of knowledge today, it is necessary for middle school students to understand the frontier of scientific development.