Since the early 1990s, the energy security situation in China has changed from the total balance contradiction in 1980s to the structural contradiction mainly caused by environmental pressure. Practice shows that the energy security policy in line with China's national conditions should be the unity of safety principles and environmental protection principles. Cleanliness, safety and high efficiency are the goals of China's energy policy, while independence should be the foothold of China's energy policy.

First, the choice of short-term and medium-term energy policies.

First, on the basis of domestic superior energy, develop and popularize clean coal technology. China is rich in coal resources. From the perspective of energy security, at least until the middle of 2 1 century, the status of coal as a basic energy source in China will not be shaken. Although coal is a highly polluting energy source, it is different from the situation that coal was neglected in the early 1990s. At present, clean coal technologies, such as coal water slurry technology, coal liquefaction technology and coal gasification technology, have made great progress in China. The National Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization Plan proposes that the country will focus on promoting clean coal technology in the future, focusing on developing large-scale and advanced coal washing and processing technology, coal liquefaction technology, large-scale coal gasification technology, coal water slurry preparation and application integration technology, large-scale circulating fluidized bed technology and integrated coal gasification combined cycle.

Environmental protection power generation (IGCC) technology, high efficiency and low pollution coal-fired power generation technology, etc. Therefore, with the maturity of clean coal technology and the improvement of industrialization in China, coal will remain a pillar industry to ensure the safety of energy supply in China.

Second, the proportion of nuclear energy consumption will greatly increase. Considering the longer-term energy security policy, in the ever-changing energy chain, only

It is not enough to take coal as the only strategic resource to reduce the risk of energy supply in China. "Although coal in China is often considered to be

Yes, but in fact, compared with the world average of 200 years, the exploitable life of China is only 60 years. "There are coal experts.

So. Moreover, clean coal technology can only reduce but not eliminate the emission of dust and sulfur dioxide, and excessive coal mining will also affect it.

Affect the geological structure and ecological environment of the place of origin. In view of this, according to the energy development experience of developed countries, the future development of nuclear energy should be tested.

One of the key choices. Nuclear energy is an efficient and lasting energy source, which will not emit any greenhouse gases. Several types of nuclear power reactors, such as pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor and heavy water reactor, are relatively safe and reliable. The experience of nuclear power development in the world proves that developing nuclear power is an important choice to reduce the external dependence of energy and ensure national energy security. At present, French nuclear power accounts for 77% of the total power generation, Japanese 32%, British 28%, American 19%, and China only has 1%. China is rich in nuclear energy resources, natural uranium and its processing capacity have begun to take shape, and all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle industry have complementary advantages. China has been able to independently design and manufacture complete sets of equipment for 300,000 kW PWR nuclear power plant. There are eight nuclear power units under construction in China. It is estimated that after the completion of these eight units, the installed nuclear power capacity in China will reach 9 million kilowatts, accounting for about 3% of the total power generation capacity in China, forming three nuclear power bases: Qinshan in Zhejiang, Daya Bay in Guangdong and Tianwan in Jiangsu. Nevertheless, compared with western developed countries, China's nuclear power still has a long way to go, which also shows that China.

China's nuclear power development has great potential and space. In addition, thermal power generation is the largest coal user in China. Properly accelerating the development of nuclear power in China is of far-reaching significance for China to promote the energy substitution strategy according to the principles of cleanliness, safety and high efficiency, greatly improve the energy self-sufficiency rate, reduce the risks caused by external dependence, and ensure the sustainability and safety of China's energy supply.

Third, strengthen military support for energy security and expand international cooperation. Practice has proved that to what extent the living resources are scarce, the relationship between major powers will be tense, and the navy is the decisive factor for a country to have a real impact on the world and thus share the international resources. Therefore, a country's energy security is not only an economic issue, but also a political issue, and the solution of political issues is mostly backed by the military.

Second, several issues that should be paid attention to

First of all, the stable growth of energy in China is an important driving force for the long-term stable economic growth. Since the 1990s, China has run out of energy.

At present, the structural contradiction is mainly caused by the increasing demand for clean energy, mainly oil and natural gas. The main reason for this contradiction is not the rapid economic development in recent years, but the increasingly serious international and domestic environmental pressure. At the same time, these environmental pressures are not mainly caused by the rapid economic development, but by the increasing environmental costs caused by ecological problems.

It must be pointed out that the energy demand in China, which has been growing continuously so far, is breaking through the basic point of domestic energy supply and demand balance in China. With all of China.

With the promotion of the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, China's domestic energy supply and demand balance will be broken, and its dependence on international energy imports will change from relative dependence to absolute dependence. Therefore, ensuring the sustained growth of China's energy demand will be an important issue that China's foreign policy cannot avoid for a long time to come.

Second, as previously analyzed, the unreasonable international energy distribution system, which was strongly maintained through the war, resulted in the current high level.

The root cause of rising energy prices. Before World War II, the world energy demand center and consumption center were unified in Europe and America. During this period, the unbalanced change of energy demand center and consumption center led to the oil crisis and the rigid rise of oil price. After World War II, Asian countries rose. At present, the total supply of oil in the world is still greater than the total demand, with the largest population and the fastest development, and its contribution to the growth of world wealth is increasing. Under the condition that the uneven energy distribution pattern maintained by powerful countries remains unchanged, the sustained growth of global energy demand, especially in Asia, will make the future oil price rise rigidly again after experiencing the process of economic slowdown and the reduction of oil consumption and demand caused by non-oil energy development, and fluctuate around the price level at the end of 2004. Accordingly, the romanticism in the politics of great powers in the middle and late 1990s in international relations will be greatly weakened.

Third, soaring energy prices will increase the international demand for non-petroleum energy and investment in new energy sources. For a long time, China's energy production and consumption

The cost varies between raw coal and crude oil. From 1957 to 1980, the proportion of oil production and consumption in energy production and consumption in China increased from 2. 1% and 4.6% to 23.8% and 20.7%, while the production and consumption of raw coal decreased from 94.9% and 92.3% to 69.4% and 72.2. Since then, China's crude oil production and consumption have been declining, reaching 16.6% and 17.5% respectively in 1995, while raw coal production and consumption increased to 75.3% and 74.6% respectively. The reason for this phenomenon is the world oil crisis in the late 1970s. After 1995, the international oil price became more and more stable, and China's oil production and consumption soared again, reaching the level of 1980 in 2000. At the same time, the output and consumption of raw coal decreased to 66.6% and 66. 1% respectively. The recurrence of the international oil crisis in 2004 indicates that the world's energy production and consumption will once again tilt towards non-oil products, and China's investment in developing non-oil clean energy such as nuclear energy will greatly increase.