Words: learn while recording, phonetic notation: xué rShí xí zh: definition: review what you have learned frequently. Words: review the past and learn the new phonetic notation: wē nù zhī xī n Interpretation: text: review; So: old.
Review old knowledge and gain new knowledge and experience. It also refers to recalling the past to better understand the present.
Word: knowing is knowing, but not knowing is not knowing the phonetic notation: zh and zh ǐ wé i zh and zh ǐ, bù hé wé ib ù zh ǐ Interpretation: Understanding means understanding, but not understanding means not understanding. Words: sensitive and studious, phonetic notation: mǐ né rà o xué Interpretation: sensitive: smart; Good: preference.
Gifted, smart and eager to learn. Words: Don't be shy to ask questions. Athena Chu: bù chǐ xià wèn Interpretation: I am willing to learn from people with lower knowledge or status than myself, and I am not embarrassed.
Word: silent phonetic notation: mòr shízhī Interpretation: silent: silent, not talking. Knowledge: Remember.
Keep in mind what you have seen and heard. Words: learning without being tired of phonetic notation: Xuérüyàn Interpretation: disgust: satisfaction.
I am always dissatisfied with my study. Describe studious.
Word: teaching people tirelessly, phonetic notation: Huìrén juàn Interpretation: teaching: teaching. Teach people to be particularly patient and never get tired.
Words: When you are in a threesome, you must have my teacher's phonetic notation: sā né né xí ng, by ǒ u w ǒ sh Interpretation: When three people walk together, one of them must be my teacher. This means that we should not be ashamed to ask questions and learn from others with an open mind.
Word: choose good and do phonetic notation: zéq zéqíshàn zhér cóng zhī and interpretation: choose: choose; From: following, extending to learning. It refers to choosing a good school and doing it well.
Words: the deceased is like this. Athena Chu: shü zhrú s: Interpretation: used to describe that time is gone forever. Word: don't give up day and night phonetic notation: bù shě zhòu yè Interpretation: give up.
Do not give up day and night. Metaphor day and night.
2. About the four-character idioms in The Analects of Confucius and their translation. Study from time to time-always review what you have learned. "The Analects of Confucius Learn" (1. 1): "Confucius said:' Learn when you are not bad! "
1-2, so happy-are you happy? The Analects of Confucius (1. 1): "It's a pleasure to have friends from afar!"
1-3, committing rebellion-committing: committing a crime. Feudal rulers refer to people's resistance and uprising. The Analects of Confucius Learning (1.2): "It is not easy to commit crimes, but those who are good at making trouble are nothing."
1-4, rhetoric-rhetoric: rhetoric; An expression of flattery. Describe rhetoric, hypocrisy and flattery. "The Analects of Confucius" (1.3): "Clever words, fresh and kind!"
1-5, three provinces a day-self-reflection many times a day. "The Analects of Confucius Learn" (1.4): "Zeng Zi said,' Is it disloyal to others to visit him three times a day?' "
1-6, three provinces-provinces: investigation and reflection; Body: self. The original meaning is to check yourself from three aspects every day, and later it means to check yourself consciously many times. "The Analects of Confucius Learn" (1.4): "Zeng Zi said,' Is it disloyal to others to visit him three times a day?' "
1-7, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety-refers to filial piety when you go home and love your brother when you go out. "The Analects of Confucius Learn to Learn" (1.6): "Confucius said:' Disciples are filial when they enter, and filial when they leave.' "Han Huan Kuan's Theory of Salt and Iron, Timing": "Teach it with morality, treat it with courtesy, and * * * show filial piety from righteousness to goodness. How can it be extravagant and slow? "
3. Seeking the outline of the thesis: On the translation of Chinese allusions and idioms: On the translation of Chinese allusions and idioms. Abstract: This paper analyzes the characteristics and metaphorical meanings of allusions and idioms.
At the same time, it expounds its relationship with culture and translation. Due to the cultural vacancy in the target language, domestication is superior to foreignization in translating allusions and idioms from a cross-cultural perspective, so as to successfully achieve the communicative purpose of translation.
Key words: cultural translation of allusions, cultural vacancy, domestication and foreignization. Introduction idioms are unique and fixed expressions formed in the process of using a language, including idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings and allusions. English and Chinese have a long history and both contain a large number of idioms.
So far, many articles about English and Chinese idioms have been published in foreign periodicals at home and abroad, but as far as the English translation of Chinese allusions is concerned, no scholars have talked about its translation methods alone. This paper will discuss which is better, domestication or foreignization, when translating China's allusions and idioms from a cross-cultural perspective.
I. Allusions and idioms 1. Definition and characteristics Allusions and idioms are a special language group in idioms, with a fixed four-character structure. They are not only concise, but also vivid, interesting and far-reaching, such as Learning from the East, Falling into Sun Shan, Ye Gong Long Hao, Walking in Handan and so on. In the process of translation, translators often. Idioms carry the unique culture of the Chinese nation. They are closely linked with the cultural traditions of China and the United States. They are a kind of "idioms" and are commonly used fixed phrases. In Chinese, most of them are composed of four words.
2. The definition of implied metaphorical meaning and allusions makes us know that in use, we usually pay attention to its metaphorical meaning rather than its literal meaning. For example, to get to the bottom of it (Su Shi's Poems on Red Cliff) literally means that when the water falls, the head at the bottom of the water will be exposed.
In the concrete application, the truth of this metaphor is completely revealed. "So Hebo began to turn his face, looked at the sea and sighed."
(Zhuangzi) Now "sighing at the ocean" is a metaphor for feeling helpless due to lack of strength or conditions. The "Embattled" in Historical Records of Xiang Yu is now a metaphor for being isolated and surrounded by the enemy.
In order to accurately understand the metaphorical meaning of allusions and idioms, translators must have profound cultural knowledge and understand the long history and culture of China. Two. Culture and translation 1. Edward tylor, a British anthropologist, put forward the concept of "culture" for the first time in his book Primitive Culture (1 87 1), and expressed it as: "Culture is a complex collection, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morality, law, style and IT.
It can be seen that culture covers a wide range and is a complex system. As an integral part of culture, language reflects the colorful cultural phenomena of a nation. Although there are great differences between China culture and British culture, it is very difficult to translate allusions and idioms into English, but this does not mean that Chinese and British people can't communicate with each other, and translation has built a bridge for cross-cultural communication.
Eugene Nida, a famous American translation theorist, defines translation as: "The consistency of translation refers to the reproduction of the natural equivalence closest to the source language in the target language, first in meaning and second in style." (Eugene A. Nida, Charles R. Taber: Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969) The translation process involves not only two languages, but also two cultures. It is a bridge between the target language culture and the source language culture through the transformation of language mechanism, and it is a medium for people with different language and cultural backgrounds to communicate with each other. He emphasized that "in translation, meaning is the most important, followed by form, and the corresponding form will lose the cultural meaning of the original text, and cultural meaning is the communicative feature of the original text, which will hinder cross-cultural communication" (Nida, Institute of Intercultural Communication, 1996).
Translation is a communicative activity. In order to make people communicate with each other, the meaning of the original text should be clearly conveyed, and translation is mainly about explanation. In this sense, domestication should be the most important strategy when translating allusions and idioms. 2. Foreignization and domestication The so-called foreignization and domestication refer to the cultural transformation involved in translation. The former is culture-oriented in the source language, while the latter is culture-oriented in the target language.
That is to say, the "alienated" Lord Zhang Wenze. 1 In training, we should try our best to adapt to and take care of the culture of the source language and the vocabulary habits of the original author, while "domestication" is just the opposite. We think that the translation should try our best to adapt to and take care of the Japanese cultural habits, think about the readers and remove language and cultural barriers for them.
3. Cultural vacancy "Language vocabulary is the most powerful tool to carry cultural information and reflect human social life". The cultural connotation of English and Chinese motto "L" is extremely rich, but there are many mismatches in many prescriptions.
From the perspective of linguistics and cross-cultural communication, each language has its own unique language system and structure. Every nation has its own living habits, ways of thinking, language psychology, behavior norms, values and cultural traditions, and semantic and cultural equivalence between the two languages is extremely rare. Training in one language may not correspond or be compatible in another language, so the structural forms of English and foreign allusions and idioms must be changed.
For example, use the following examples to analyze in detail, which is better, domestication and foreignization, two methods of crossing the ocean. (1) translated ((the third and fourth chapters of a dream of red mansions). The story of the philosophers in "Dong Shi San Ting Xi Shi" (Yang) is that the beauty is an ugly neighbor, who tries to imitate ugliness and people flee from her in fear. (David Hawkes) Translator. In Mr. Shan's Dream of Red Mansions, Mr. Yang adopted the method of alienation when dealing with old idioms with cultural characteristics, and translated "Dong Shi" into two language versions of "Dong Shi".