Long waves and sand make the rain outside the curtains gurgle.

The rain outside the curtain is gurgling, and the spring is fading. Luozhou can't tolerate five more cold. I don't know if I am a dream guest, but I am insatiable in one day.

Don't lean on the fence alone, but close the mountain indefinitely. It's easier to see when it's not. The running water is gone, the spring is gone, heaven and earth!

Enjoy 1

The first episode of Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" in the Song Dynasty quoted Xiqing's poem: "After Li Houzhu returned to Korea in the Southern Tang Dynasty, every time he missed Jiangguo and concubines, he was unhappy and didn't talk to himself. He tasted a long and short sentence cloud:' It is raining outside the curtain', full of sadness and sorrow. " Therefore, the lyrics were written shortly before his death. It can be said that it is one of the representative works of Li Yu's later ci.

The first movie of Ci begins with flashbacks, describing what I heard when I woke up from my dream: the curtains hung down in the middle of the night, and the continuous rain came into my ears through the curtains; Seeing that beautiful spring scenery, accompanied by continuous drizzle, is about to become a thing of the past. The lyrics are written in the late spring night, and the rain is gurgling, revealing infinite feelings of cherishing and hurting spring. The environment is poor and the mood is sad. In particular, this "declining spring" is not only the reality of the festival in front of us, but also a symbol of the decline of the country and the coming end of personal life. How can such a scene not cause a sadness in the poet's heart? What's more, it is in such a "five colder" moment!

It's cold in the fifth watch, even with clothes on, I can't resist it. Therefore, "Luozhou can't stand the cold" is his feeling after waking up from his dream. This "feeling" is first of all to feel the extreme cold of the weather during the fifth watch, which is manifested as "Luozhou is impatient" This is an artistic technique commonly used in classical poetry to express the feelings of the crown by borrowing foreign objects. In August, the book "Wet silk curtain with bead curtain, thin cotton mat with cold coat" ("Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Wu Gui") was the successful application of this technique. Secondly, more importantly, this is not only a cold problem, but also a cold problem; After all, there is a limit to physical coldness, and we can try our best to resist and endure it, while chilling-the sadness in our hearts-is infinite and unbearable.

The ancient people's discussion on the structure of ci lies in its intermittence and continuity. The sentence "Luozhou can't stand the cold" is wonderful. It seems to be out of touch with the following two sentences, one is to finish the dream, and the other is to finish the dream, but in fact, the word and meaning are closely linked. After writing a dream, "Luozhou has five degrees of cold intolerance" not only highlights the inner sadness after the dream, but also paves the way for describing the scene in the dream: since it is so painful and sad after waking up, it is better to stay awake for a long time. Because "I don't know I'm a guest in my dream, and I'm greedy all day", only in my dream can I forget that I'm a guest-the conquered monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the prisoner of the Great Song Dynasty, and only in my dream can I enjoy the joy of that moment. This lovely way of writing sets off the pain after the dream with the happiness in the dream, so as to see the pain after the dream and the abomination of the happiness in the dream more clearly. It is really ingenious. Unfortunately, the happiness in the dream is illusory, and the pain after the dream is real and cruel. No matter how subjectively you long for the happiness in the dream, it is only a "warning" after all. This article further highlights the tragic situation of this country after its occupation.

The next paragraph of the word begins like this: "Don't lean on the bar alone". "Loneliness" shows the poet's loneliness; "Not leaning against the railing" is because leaning against the railing overlooks, in order to see the ancient attic of the Forbidden City and satisfy the feeling of missing the old country. However, Bianjing is far from Jinling, and there is a "boundless mountain" in the middle, which can only be ugly and helpless. What's more, this "Wuji Mountain" is not the site of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but the site of the Song Dynasty. Seeing this deserted land and the land that changed hands, is it not to increase the bitterness in your heart? Therefore, the "lean column" is not that the poet doesn't want to lean on the column, but that he can't lean on the column. It is a compulsory action to avoid infinite sadness caused by missing the old country. This kind of mood is actually more sad and sad.

"It's easier to say goodbye than to say goodbye"-"Goodbye" refers to when you surrender and are captured, bid farewell to Jinling, and are taken to Bianjing; "Seeing time" refers to the time when you are imprisoned in Bianjing, miss your hometown and want to see it again. The former is "easy" and the latter is "difficult". In this sharp contrast between ease and hardship, there are many poets' feelings about their homeland, mixed with a lot of sadness and regret! You know, the "farewell" here is not a temporary separation, but a permanent separation, which is also the most painful separation in the world, not to mention how "easy" such separation is-isn't it worse that the country is so easily destroyed? It's so difficult to meet again. Isn't it a death sentence for the poet?

The artistic strength of literary works lies in both authenticity and universality. In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zai quoted Fu Zhai Man Lu in the back volume of Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua, saying: "Yan Jiaxun said:' Nothing is easy, it is difficult, and it is important in ancient and modern times. From Jiangnan, crying to say goodbye. The customs in the north disdain this matter, disagree with each other and laugh at each other. "Beggars in Li Houzhu use this language. Therefore, the short sentence goes:' It is easier to see when you are away'. It can be seen that "it is easy to see when parting is difficult" is not only a true expression of Li Yu's unique experience, thoughts and feelings, but also a high summary of the ubiquitous sadness and resentment of parting, which is why it has been able to impress readers for thousands of years.

"Running water is gone in spring, it is heaven and earth!" The meaning between the lines is sadness, full of helpless emotions. Here, the poet uses vivid metaphors to further push the feelings of sadness, pain, sadness, regret, despair and hope to a climax. Chasing after the water, spring has passed, things are changing rapidly, and the good times are gone forever. I used to live a free imperial life in the sky, but now I live a dark captive life in the world. What a huge difference! This great change in life from "heaven" to "earth", that is, from the supreme emperor to the captive despised by others, is a tragedy for Li Yu personally, but it is also such a special experience that has brought vitality to Li Yu's creation. On the one hand, the life of the imprisoned and insulted "man" makes his heart extremely painful, and it is extremely real in his creation, which makes his works emotional; On the other hand, although the life experience from the emperor to the prisoner is unique to Li Yu, it is common for ordinary people to experience great changes in their lives, which makes those who do not have Li Yu's unique experience infected, thus making the works gain long-term vitality.

This poem is sincere, sad and touching, which profoundly shows the poet's pain of national subjugation and the prisoner's worry, and vividly depicts the artistic image of a king who has conquered the country. As Wang Guowei said in "Ci on Earth", "Li Zhongguang's Ci is also beautiful. When I arrived in Li Houzhu, my eyes began to widen and I felt deeply. ..... When natural people grow up, they hate that water grows in the East, and' running water is lighter than spring, and it is heaven and earth'. Can Jin Quan and Huanhua have this weather? " (Zheng Gu)

Appreciate II

This poem was written by Li Yu when he was taken to Bianjing for house arrest after the Song Dynasty. It expresses his infinite yearning for his old country, hometown and good life, and reflects the poet's sad mood as a king of a country and a prisoner of the lower class.

The missing two sentences are flashbacks. In my dream, I temporarily forgot the identity of the prisoner and longed for a moment of joy. However, dreams are easy to wake up. The gurgling spring rain and the cold spring outside the curtain woke up the dreams and made the poet return to the bleak situation of real life. The great contrast outside the dream is actually the contrast between the past and the present, and the contrast between being the king of a country and being a prisoner. Write "Huan" in a dream, but the more Huan you dream, the more bitter you wake up; There are no words such as sadness and sadness, but the sad mood can be imagined. Li Qingzhao wrote "Rain" in "The Sound is Slow": "The phoenix tree is more drizzly, dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence! " Sadness came to an end. "Outside the curtain, the sound of rain is gurgling" seems to be the tears in the poet's heart; "Spring goes to spring", and the spring is infinitely good, but it has withered, just like the beautiful "past" is gone forever; "Luozhou can't stand the cold of five temperatures", and the unbearable chill comes not only from nature, but also from the desolation and loneliness of the inner world. There is a sentence in Li Yu's Bodhisattva Man: "The dream of my old country has returned, and I feel tears in my eyes." The situation is the same as this, but the emotions expressed here are more euphemistic and implicit.

"Alone on the fence at dusk, the mountains and rivers are boundless", and "Mo" is a "dusk". "Unbelievable column" is an unbiased column, because leaning on the column to see the old country will cause infinite sadness and make people face it squarely; "Leaning on the railing at dusk" means looking at the railing at dusk and thinking about the change of the country's ownership and the infinite past. "twilight" also implies the twilight of a poet's life. You can say both. Li Shangyin once wrote in the poem Untitled: "I have known her for a long time, and I have been apart for a long time", which expressed people's general feelings. How difficult it is to be taken captive to Bianjing after the Song Dynasty and bid farewell to Jinling, the old capital. It is this kind of emotion that is expressed in the sentence "The most hasty day to resign from the temple" in "Forty Years of Broken Array". It is said here that "it is easy to say goodbye", which shows that "easy" is to highlight the difficulty of seeing you again after saying goodbye; It seems that "times are hard to see" also contains the feeling that good times are hard-won and youth is gone. "Running water in spring is heaven and earth." Just like water sometimes flows, flowers sometimes fall, the spring of life has passed, and the word "go" contains a lot of nostalgia, regret, sadness and vicissitudes. In the past, people's monarchical status and today's prisoner experience are far away in a paradise and a world. "Heaven and Earth" implies two completely different life experiences, the past and the present. When it comes to "heaven and earth" as a biased phrase, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow comes out: "Our souls belong together," she said, "just like this gold and this shell". Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will definitely. It means the world in heaven. It is used here to imply that the days in the future are running out, and "the world in heaven" is the final destination.

This word expresses the feelings of national destruction and death. It can really be said that "every word is painful, every word is full of tears, and the song is weeping, and the mourning is eternal." This sincere feeling stems from the "childlike heart" of the late master (Wang Guowei, one of the manuscripts of the world with thorns) and "writing with blood" (Wang Guowei, one of the manuscripts of the world with thorns). The poetic style is tragic and profound, which breaks through the style of Huajian Ci School. Therefore, Wang Guowei commented: "When the word arrived in Li Houzhu, the vision began to broaden and the emotion deepened, so it became a genius word and a literati word." (One of the manuscripts of Wang Guowei's "The Thorn on Earth") (Jiang Yayun)

Appreciation 3

This is Li Houzhu's last words when he cried with a song. Song Cai's brocade "Xiqing Poetry Talk" says: After Li Houzhu returned to Korea in the Southern Tang Dynasty, every time he missed Jiangguo and concubines, he was unhappy and didn't talk to himself. He tasted a long and short sentence: "It is raining outside the curtain" and so on. With sad thoughts, I have no next life. "It's national subjugation grief, eternal regret, meaning sad, sad tone. Up to now, the tragic narrative poem is touching and artistic.

The first movie of Ci is about the violent mood swings after waking up from a dream. Memories of life when writing the next movie. The first three sentences and the last two sentences of the last film are inverted sentences. In order to make the joy in the dream and the sadness after waking up, the two complement each other and set off each other, thus causing the transformation and alternation of psychological time and space. Make a contrast with the real sadness, guide the virtual dream pleasure, highlight your captured "guest" body, but do a subconscious activity of "greedy pleasure" dream. Dreams are the projection of the subconscious mind, and dreams are free and vague emotional associations. It is through the "greed" in the "dream" that the poet's weak but tenacious will to survive is artistically expressed.

The poet does not express his feelings directly, but melts them into the scenery. The spring dawn is bleak, the ice is like iron, the spring rain is gurgling, and the spring is fading, so as to set off the profound difference between the two life choices of prisoners and emperors and the internal transformation of their life tragedies. Only when a person forgets his prisoner status in a dream will he feel free to enjoy a moment of joy. How many voices of life pain have been bred in this! Guo Xian said: "The sound of cotton fluttering is the most touching." How many sweet memories of spring flowers, autumn moon and phoenix flute are contained in it! The space-time transformation between reality and dreams here is essentially a way of inevitable essential connection between many phenomena left in the poet's perception. However, the real feeling that comes with this imaginary satisfaction is listening to the rain, hurting the spring and chilling. "One-day greed" cannot be achieved. But between people, we can still clearly feel the sobriety, pursuit and expectation of the poet's subjective consciousness. That is, thinking and calling for self-worth.

The second part of the poem, starting with the sentence "I am alone at dusk", introduces my hometown feelings. Twilight is written as "Mo". The poet reminds himself not to add his sadness by the fence alone. However, according to Yu Pingbo's Selected Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci, "The next film was born from Pinglan, with a little evening scenery, which turned into a meditative realm under Wuji Mountain, and the word" Twilight "adapted itself. Today, I wrote' Twilight' from' Full Tang Poetry'. " Wonderful, think of words! The twilight is boundless, as if to "infinite mountain" covered with a layer of rich and sentimental twilight color, hazy and fuzzy, flashing mysterious and meaningful luster. Who can not be deeply touched by this situation? As a symbolic meaning of poetry, the "infinite mountain" here has an internal mechanism connection with "one-day greed" and even provides it with material and spiritual foundation. Many of the poet's material comforts and human joys have happened in the lovely homeland of Jiangnan, which is a series of moving scenes constantly captured by his inner vision, as colorful as a color screen. At this time, we will deeply feel that "it is easy to see when it is not easy", which is really extremely sad and depressed. This is by no means a slight sigh of "not easy but difficult, both ancient and modern", but an extremely euphemistic and miserable groan and call for the destruction of the country. It contains many complicated feelings such as despair, farewell, nostalgia, hope, memory and yearning. Words and deeds are memorable and hard. At the end of the word, this kind of blood and tears is written as a song of despair and pushed to the climax of feelings: "The running water is gone, it is heaven and earth." Here, the irreversibility of natural laws such as "flowing water", "falling flowers" and "spring goes to spring" has been repeatedly used as a metaphor for the demise of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the disappearance of joy. Tang Guizhang said in "A Brief Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci": "When running water runs out and flowers run out, people will die when spring goes away. Four words in one place, cut the liver and cut the intestines, and hate it forever. " People's lives have reached this point. If we still attach importance to the value and dignity of the self-subject, there is really no need to live. The call of "heaven and earth" reveals the contradictory complex of life and death in his inner world, that is, the hope of a desperate person. In fact, the fear of death is also a clear understanding of life. How much the poet misses this beautiful world! The heavenly imperial life in the dream is gone forever, and the hellish captive life in reality is unwilling to continue, so there is no need to survive. Death is an optimized choice and the most reasonable destination of life. Don't we clearly feel the awakening of human subjectivity, a transcendence and sublimation of human spirit?

Excellent poetry is always the historical unity of "true feelings" and "human feelings", which are pregnant with each other and surpass each other. The historical unity of "true feelings" and "human feelings" is mutually inclusive and transcending. "True emotion" must rise to the aesthetic height of "human emotion", so that our own life experience can arouse readers' hearts. If Li Yu's "Langtaosha" is not tied to the imperial status, but only takes it as a reference, focusing on the experience and understanding of poetic beauty images, then his artistic expression at this time is only the real feeling of an ordinary person. Li Panlong in the Ming Dynasty said: "It is very sad to say that' spring has gone and spring has come', so I can't hold back my tears for a long time." ("Caotang Poetry Talk" Volume II) Therefore, we will slowly taste a real aesthetic taste of poetry in a sad mood. (Lv Meisheng)