The first step is to determine the title of the paper. Broadly speaking, as long as there are new ideas, new discoveries, new angles, new research methods and new materials. You can write anything on any topic within your professional scope. However, some authors are writing academic papers for the first time, lacking experience and profound knowledge accumulation, and it is difficult to grasp the topic. If the topic is too big, it may not be possible to expand in this relatively narrow scope. Therefore, whether the topic is appropriate or not has a great influence on the writing of the paper. According to Daikin's experience in selecting topics, topics can be considered from the aspects of research gaps, controversial topics, comparative topics, topics from other professional perspectives, old topics inserted from new angles, and new problems in this major.
The second step is to review the relevant theories and research or literature retrieval around the topic selection of the paper. This step of work is very hard, so you need to be mentally prepared. Because some Chinese academic materials are not available online, they need to be searched manually, which may consume a lot of time and energy. Latin materials, especially English materials, are relatively easy to find because of the convenient conditions of network communication, but even if a lot of materials are found in the catalogue, it still needs the unremitting efforts of the author to really understand them. Collecting information in an all-round way can not only avoid repeating what others have done, but also inspire ideas, generate opinions and prepare for the next step from perspectives, angles and materials.
The third step is to put forward my own theoretical assumptions about the topic or specific problems to be studied. Topic selection refers to the general direction and scope of the paper to be written. When writing, there are generally two situations. 1. What are the specific viewpoints? You can imagine one or several viewpoints first, and then prove whether these assumptions are established through many evidences and materials, thus forming the main body of the paper; Second, we can put forward many reasons and the influence of various environmental conditions for specific argumentation. Whether it is related to the problem of argumentation and how relevant it is need scientific investigation and analysis. In either case, it involves the core idea or argumentation theme of the paper, which should be clear and run through the whole paper.
The fourth step is to decide which research method to adopt. Scientific research methods can be roughly divided into two categories, namely speculative research and empirical research, and the latter can be divided into qualitative research and quantitative research. Although different research directions have different research methods, different research hypotheses, different data collection methods and different criteria for judging results, various research methods are increasingly showing compatibility and internal relations in today's paper writing. The author can take one research method as the main one, supplemented by other methods according to his own topics and specific problems. For example, a paper based on logical analysis, using some quantitative analysis data appropriately, sometimes adds some weight to the article.
The fifth step is to design the framework of the thesis. Generally speaking, a paper should have a preface, a first chapter, a main chapter and a conclusion. Chapter setting should have a general layout logic before writing to make its structure reasonable; There is a logical connection between chapters to prevent scribbling, drowning the theme and being unintelligible. This step is rarely completed once, and often changes according to the situation of collecting materials and the new situation encountered in the investigation and interview. But when it comes to writing a paper, the general framework of the article can't just be stored in your mind. Generally, it is necessary to form a text, which is more detailed, and it is best to be specific to the "section" so that you can know fairly well when writing.
The sixth step is to analyze and classify the obtained literature, investigation materials and various arguments, enrich them into various chapters respectively, and then elaborate and demonstrate them. Materials and arguments are not born to prove arguments or explain specific problems. Only through the author's organization and demonstration of materials can they become full of vitality and serve their own themes naturally and effectively. It is often necessary to review the knowledge of logic or social investigation and statistics, use correct logical thinking and rigorous data organization methods, closely focus on established theoretical assumptions or specific problems, mobilize all kinds of knowledge learned, and use positive theory, negative theory, assumptions, refutation, metaphor and other methods to demonstrate opinions or problems, draw conclusions, and complete the paper.
Seventh, check and adjust the paper technically. Technical issues such as chapter design, quotation marks, notes and numbering, arrangement of references at the end of the paper, abstracts and keywords that do not belong to the paper itself should be checked and adjusted according to the requirements of standardization. Although these are technical problems, they also reflect the author's academic attitude. In particular, quotations, where other people's views are used, should indicate the source of the materials, not vague, let alone turn other people's research results into their own. The source of the marked materials should also be very clear, such as the name of the work, the author or editor, the name of the publishing house or publication, and the time of publication or publication.