Fp in the supply chain is a flexible product. Guillermo Gallego and Robert Phillips published a paper, which defined a flexible product as a product set containing at least two products that can replace each other and serve the same market, so that buyers can be assigned to one of them after purchasing FP products for a period of time. According to airline policy, buyers of flexible products may have different notice times, ranging from a few weeks to a day before departure.

Supply chain refers to the network chain structure formed by upstream and downstream enterprises that participate in providing products or services to end users in the process of production and circulation.

Supply chain refers to a functional network chain structure around the core enterprises, starting with supporting parts, manufacturing intermediate products and final products, and finally delivering the products to consumers through the sales network, connecting suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and end users into a whole.

The business philosophy of supply chain management is to seek the overall optimization of supply chain from the perspective of consumers through cooperation between enterprises. Successful supply chain management can coordinate and integrate all activities in the supply chain, and eventually become a seamless integration process.