In the main part, it expands vertically and horizontally, forming different levels. It reflects the steps of the speaker's thinking development and the process of the speaker's understanding of objective things. In content, narrative and lyricism can be combined to eulogize the touching stories of advanced figures, so as to encourage the advanced and lash the backward; Narration and discussion can also be combined to achieve the effect of unifying thoughts and promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages. According to the different contents of the speech, the structure of the speech should be properly adjusted to better serve the content, thus highlighting the theme of the speech. The overall structure of speech is the formal category of speech. But the composition of the structure also has its form and content. On the whole, structure is the organizational structure of speech materials, and it is a speech framework formed by the combination and arrangement of materials by the speaker according to the theme and intention. Separately, it also has its form, that is, which parts make up a speech; There is also its content, that is, which part talks about what. The center of the structure is to answer and solve the problem of how to speak this speech, so to write a good speech, we must first master the structure of the speech.
The essence of structure is to combine scattered components (theme, subject matter, material, etc.). ) form a new organic whole, so that the original meaning components can be concentrated, highlighted and sublimated, and become new meanings and information to spread to the audience.
The general pattern of speech structure is the "three unifications" recognized by Aristotle in ancient Greece. It consists of three parts with different meanings, namely, the beginning, the text and the end. "Three unifications" summarizes the formal characteristics of any speech structure. Formally, these three parts are independent and each has its own significance and function. From the content point of view, it is unified, and it is the expression of the same theme, theme and material in different parts, so as to achieve the same goal. Here, the beginning is in an important position in the speech, so we should try our best to attract the attention of the audience quickly and avoid procrastination, wordiness and politeness; The ending is to make the whole speech leave a complete and clear concept to the audience, and strive to reveal the theme, deepen understanding, make people think and think, and the number of words should not be too long.
Generally speaking, the structure, method, meaning and function of the beginning and end of any speech are the same. But the characters are different, and there are at least two special modes. This paper introduces two special discourse modes: argumentative structure mode and narrative structure mode.
(1) Argumentative essay structure mode, that is, the structure arranged in the way of ordinary examination papers. It consists of three parts: asking questions, analyzing and demonstrating, and drawing conclusions. Generally, a conclusion is drawn by asking only one question, and there are various ways to discuss it. Its structural order is generally that the problem comes first, the analysis is in the middle, and the conclusion is behind. This is actually the small "three unifications" in the big "three unifications". This small pattern is a special pattern of speech structure: beginning, asking questions, analyzing and demonstrating, and summarizing.
(2) Narrative structure mode, that is, the structure arranged according to the audience's psychological clues. Mainly to impress the audience with interest and emotion, like the beginning of novels and stories. Problems, arguments and conclusions are not clearly divided, and the main idea is revealed in the dialogue; Describe a few things, from the attractive purpose, in the order of time or space.
Every conversation can form a paragraph, and a speech may consist of several paragraphs, arranged according to time and spatial order, regardless of location. In the general pattern of speech structure, it is the beginning, narration and discussion (reciprocating) and ending.
The subject of such a speech. This is the main part of the speech. Its material selection and arrangement are similar to narrative. It can be connected by "discussion", which can make a greater leap and have more discussion and lyrical elements. To use the special pattern of speech structure to arrange the structure, we must first understand the essence and significance of the material and put it in the most appropriate position, so as to explain or lead to the essential argument or lyric conclusion; Secondly, we should recognize the relationship between several substances, so that they are either the same, opposite, parallel, master-slave, inclusive, first or last.
Mastering the basic structure of the speech and then writing it will naturally get twice the result with half the effort. But still need to pay attention to the following three main aspects:
1. The beginning of the speech
The beginning of a speech plays an important role in the structure of the speech. Generally speaking, at the beginning, the speaker should introduce the theme he wants to elaborate, so that the audience can know fairly well; On the other hand, a good beginning should be able to catch the audience and make the audience interested in listening through certain skills. However, if you are mystifying and exaggerating, it will be self-defeating and even counterproductive, causing the audience's disgust.
There was such a speaker who began his speech with the following sentence: "Ladies. Gentlemen, before I get down to business, let me tell you a story. " The audience brushed their eyes and attention. However, the speaker didn't tell his story at once, but looked around and saw that the door was not closed, so he deliberately closed it gently. Like that, as if afraid of being eavesdropped. Say that finish, he took a sip of water and solemnly cleared his throat. All this made the audience think that he would tell an unheard-of or mysterious story, and everyone waited quietly. Who knows he went on to say:
"What I want to tell you is the story of Bethune, who is Canadian. More than 50 years old ... "
The audience's appetite was aroused and suddenly disappeared without a trace It is not that Bethune's story is not touching, but that there is nothing novel at the beginning of such a well-known story, but it is necessary to create an atmosphere that is too mysterious, and the audience will inevitably feel cheated. It's ridiculous that such a serious story was rendered neither fish nor fowl by the speaker. It's better to tell the story directly and explain it, which makes people feel real and simple.
In fact, the opening part of the speech also reflects the speaker's style of writing from the side, so it is difficult to connect the confusing and secretive opening way with the concise and clear style of writing.
This shows that the content of the speech is different, and the way to start can be chosen flexibly, and there is no fixed way.
2. The main part of the speech
The main body of the speech refers to the words between the beginning and the end, which is the main part of the speech. How the speaker speaks determines the quality of this speech, and whether the argument is convincing depends on the speaker's explanation.
The content of the speech is short, long and short, so that the whole speech has a focus, rather than grasping the eyebrows and beards. It will not impress the audience because the point of view is only superficial, nor will it be boring because of long speeches.
The focus of the speech, or the important information for the audience to understand, or the views and understandings that the audience wants to agree with, or the will and intention that the leader expects his subordinates to get the message, carry it out and vigorously promote it in action, varies with the content of the speech. If the focus is put forward at the beginning of the speech, it should be further elaborated in the main part. Otherwise, as soon as the speech is over, the audience will forget the main point.
The ideal effect is that the part you focus on is also the part that impresses and touches the audience the most. There are few cases that focus on one or two issues, and most of them focus on a level or a part composed of several paragraphs, or on several paragraphs of a level or a part. The key point is a way, which can also be scattered in all parts of the whole article, but it must be "scattered in form but not in spirit"
3. The end of the speech
The ending is the natural ending of the speech content and an organic part of the speech, which can never be ignored. Some spokesmen either quit hastily at the end, or gild the lily, or use cliches, such as "I'll add a few more words to the so-and-so question." "What I said earlier is very important. The emphasis here is "I'm done, I can't say it well." Please correct me "and so on, will make the audience feel boring.
There is still a saying of "phoenix head" and "leopard tail" in making an article, and so is the speech. The so-called "leopard tail" means that the end of the speech should be as colorful, inspiring and intriguing as the tail of a tiger leopard.